Opcraluaal1lualazLarrcalLuavcyur: cbaraclcrslcs,Mudcllazaad

1xpcrimcalalrcsalls
Y.H.Gballab,%.Abual-la,%.H.l8ad
Deaent of electonics &communication Eng.
Fa. of Eng., Ain Shams Univ., Abbasia, Cairo, Egyt.
E.mail: hghalab@aunet. shas.eun.eg
Abstrac: A fve-pr general purpose analogue
building block, termed as an operaional foating curent
cnveyor (OFCC), is described. The OFCC combines the
features of current feedback (CFB) operaional amplifer,
seond geneation current conveyor and operational
foating conveyor (OFC). A simple implementation
scheme of the OFCC is described and its terinal
oprational characterstics are used to yield a working
model. The OFCC is then used as a single block to
relize the current conveyors (CCII+ and CCII-).
Experimental results are presented and showed goo
behavioral agreement with simulation results.
I. Introduction
Voltage- mode circuits using cnventional operational
amplifer have the disdvantages of severely reduced
bandwidth at higher gains, because of the op amp's fxed
gainlbandwidth product. Attempts have been made to
overcome the gain dependent bandwidth limitation and
this in tm has led to the renewe interest in circuits
which use current as the active parameter. Such attempts
have led to the development of the second generation
current conveyor (CCII) [1]-[4]. current-feback op
amp (CFB op amp) [5] and an operational floating
conveyor (OFC) [6]
The CCII in general is built around a cnventional op
amp [7] - [8] with a curent output propery and is
designed to be used in open-loop. The CCI. since its
introduction, has gained wide acceptance as an extremely
versatile building block [9] [I1].The CFB-op amp has
a voltage output propery and is designed to be use in
close-loop with current feedback fom voltage output
node to the input current node. The OFC , on the other
hand, is built around a CFB op amp a combines both
the features of the CFB op amp and the CCII with an
additional curren output. I is designed to be used in
c1osed- loop with curent feedback from voltage output.
node to current input node.
All these circuits employ curent processing
tehniques to improve dynamic speed capability with
their inherent ability to provide a constant badwidth,
independent of gain. A modifiction in the OFC circuit
toplogy is described in this paper in order to yield
new fve-por general purpose analogue building block,
tered as an operational foating curent conveyor
(OFCC). I has transmission properies similar to the
OFC but with an additional curent output which allows
more maneuvering of the device capabilities.
-59-
ncTFA'aRC
The proposed opeational floating current cnveyor
(OFCC) is shown in Fig.l . The X is a low impedance
current input terminal, Y is a high impeance input
voltage terminal , W is a low impedance output voltage
terminal, and Z+ and Z- are high impeance current
output terminals.
Ix Vx
,-
_______
X V

Vw
\ LL
Iy Vy
____

lz
Figure I: Operational floating current cnveyor
I operation, the input current at node X is multiplied by
the opn loop transimpedance gain Z to produce an
output voltage at node W. The input voltage at node Y
appers at node X so a voltage tracking property exists at
the input por. Output current flowing at node W is
conveyed to nodes Z+ ad z in opposite phas, so a
curent tracking action exists at the output pr. Thus the
transmission properies of the OFCC propsed may be
conveniently described by a hybrid matix
iy 0 0 0 0 0 vy
vx hv 0 0 0 0 i
x
Vw 0 Zt 0 0 0 iw (I)
iz+ 0 0 hil 0 0 vz+
iz_ 0 -hi 0 0 0 Vz
With hv = (J - 8,),= (1 ^ 8+)and ht2 = (\ * 8.)where
Sv is a finite voltage tracking error a the low
impedance node X fom the high input impedance node
Y, 8+and E _ are the finite current tracking errors at the
high impedance output nodes Z+ and Z-, respectively.
with respect to the low impedance node W.
III. OFCC REALIATION
The OFCC be realize in practice by applying the
principle of supply current sensing to a curent feedback
op amp such as AD846 . The propse OFCC circuit
topology is illustrated in Fig.2.
The current mirrors CMI and CM2 and their cross
coupling with the mirrors CM3 and CM4 through the
crrent-steering transistors CSI and CS2 are require to
give in phase output current at node Z+ and out-of-phase
output LueUt at node Z- from that at node W. Note that
the OFCC is basically designed to be used in closed
Loop. with current feedback from node W to node X
thus ensuring the gain I bandwidth independence already
demonstrated by the CFB op- amp.
x
y
CHI CSt 01]
Vo--------
-V
z+
z-
C12
Fig.2 OFCC implementation scheme
IV. MODELLING Of OFCC
A simple I-pole OFCC model based on its
implementation topology as shown in Fig.2 is illustated
in Fig.3 where: R, and R)' are the input resistances of
CFS op amp at . -' and . tenninals, respectively, C
and Ca1e ule input capacitances of CFB op amp at ' - '
and termls. respectiyely, RTand Cr are ule smal
signal transimpedance and interl compensation
capacitance of CFB op amp, Rz+ and Rz_ are the srll
signal output resistances of the respective current mirrors
at node Z+ and Z-, respecti\ely at s = 0, Cz+ and Cz-
represent ule output capacitances of the respective
current mirrors at node Z+ ad Z-, respectively. The
OFCC circuit shown in Fig.2 was used to check the
validit of the proposed model in Fig.3 The circuit in
Fig.2 and ule model in Fig.3 has been simulated using
Pspice and ule reSUlting tenninal characterstics were
sho\n [12]
The OFCC characteristics were obtained using the
model in Fig.3 with ule model parameters tabulated in
table -I
O=w
X
y
.-z+

z-
Fig. 3 OFCC model
-60-
CFB A8-l6 &Mirror parameters
Rx=SOO,Ry=SOkD,R+=Rz_ =5MD
Cx=2pF_Cy=2pF,Cz+=Cz_=-pF
R200MD_Cr7pF
Table- l:OFCC parameters used in simulation
V- E` lermentl Results
The OFCC described above had been completely built
and tested at ule lab., using a curent feedback Amplifier
(AD846AQ) together witil. tile current mirrors composed
of transistor arrays (CA3096CE).
The OFCC can be configlued as CCII+ and CCII-. Tlus
is shown in Fig. 4, tle input voltage applied at node Y
appears at node X while current at node X is conveyed
to node Z+ and Z- in opposite phase.
The magnitude and phase response between tenninas X
and Y is shown in Fig.S which refect ule tacking
property of the circuit.
The measured magtutude and phase of Iz+ and Iz- for
various values of Ix are shwn in Figs. 6-9'
The efect of varying Rw has been also measured with . .
Rx 1.01 K. . Rz- = 0.99 K. and Rz- = 1.02 K. as
shown i circuit of Fig. 10
Figs. 11-14 show the magnitude of Ix, Iz+ tile phase of
Iz+ and fe phase of IZ WUl respect to diferent Rw.
V. CONCLUSIONS
.
In tius paper a general purpose fve-por analogue
device, operational foating curent conveyor (OFCC),
combing the features of CCIl, CFB op ap and OFC has
been described_ The OFCC has transmission properies
similar to timt of the OFC but WilI an additional current
output wluch allows greater maneuverabilit of the
device capabilities. The ilmplementation topology of the
OFCC as well as its fnctional model are presented. We
have also Presented a practical iplementatn for tile
proposed circuit ofOFCC. Experimental results obtained
are presented and the behavioral response of the circuit is
in consistant WiUl tile simulation results shown in [12].
LlLL
y
w
z+
Z
z+
- -..
Fig.4 The OFCC confgured as CCII+ and CCII-
1.6 ----.. -.. -.. -.. -- - 0.00
1X
-20.00
08
Magnitude rspnce
!

W

E
I
Q
I
-0.00
0.4
-0.00
1E+l lE+2 lE+3 lE+4 1E+5 lE+6 lE+7 lE+8
FREQUENCY(HZ)
Flg.6 Mgnitude and phas ofVx
.Z
.
Ix=O.9mA
.4
i

.
Q
M
:
T* T1Z T1 *4 T* T* T*/ *
FREQUENCY(H)
Fig.S Magniude of I+ for various I
Ix-.99r
0.80
0.60
DAD
0.20
0.00
J+T T*Z T* J*4 ]*D * T* T*
Frueny{hz)
FIG.7 Mgn.iud o I- for varous Ix
160.00
140.00
< 120.00
W
;
.
c
100.00
80.00
Phase
Magniude 0
40.00
0.00

0
.
-0.00 W
.

-80.00
60. 00 120.00
-61 -
l

c
1
lE+l 1E+2 lE+3 lE+4 1E+5 lE+6 lE+7 lE+8
Freueny(hz)
.
Flg.8 Magnitude an pha of Iz+ fr Ip14.6
Z 20
10 16

Magnitude 0
Z
Phas
6 6
40 40
2 0
lE+l 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E- 1E+7 1E-
FREQUENCY(H)
I
I

J
I
Fig.9 Magnitude and ph .. o Iz- fo Ix-14.5u
OFCC
Fig.lO Circuit fr measug the efct ofR
20.00 --
180.0
, 120.00
I
80.00
Rw6.02k ohm 0
R2kohm
R1kohm 0
R38ohm *
1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E+ 1E+7 1E+8
FREQENCY(HZ) .
Flg.11 Magnitude of Iz+ f dltrent Rw
120. 00
I
,
J
80.00
40.00
-40
-
-80
-100
R_6.02k om 0
R_2kom <
1E+11E+21E+31E+41E+51E+61E+71E+8
ReOUeNCVtH2)
FIO.12 Magnitd o Iz- fr dlr ent R
Rw.02k ohm 0
R2kohm
R1kohm 0
R380hm l
1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E+6 1E+7 1E+8
FREQUENCY(H)
FG.i3 Phase o Iz+ for dlfrnt Rw
-62-
200
I
160
I
120
R.02k om 0
2kom
r
1kom _
i
80
4
R8om 1
1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1iE+5 1E+6 1E+7 1E+8
FREQUENCY(H2
FG.i4 Phase of 12- fr dltrnt R
W00F0BC09
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