Professional Documents
Culture Documents
09 / GSD 1303
Index
1.0 Mission................................... 04 2.0 Introduction........................... 05
2.1 Le Kinkeliba Foundation 2.2 Introduction to Senegal 2.21 History 2.22 Climate 2.3 Demographics 6.2 Electricity 6.21 Requirements 6.22 System 6.3 Water 6.31 Requirements 6.32 Potable Water 6.33 Grey Water 6.34 Water Storage 6.35 Stormwater Management 6.4 Sanitation 6.41 Waste Water 6.42 Solid Waste
3.0 Program.................................. 13
3.1 Participants 3.2 Calender
8.0 Phasing....................................... 38
6.0 Infrastructure......................... 24
6.1 Transportation 6.11 Circulation Concept 6.12 Parking 6.13 Vehicles and Facilities
Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.3 |
1.0
Mission
Le Kinkeliba Arts Center will enlarge the mission of the Le Kinkeliba Foundation, which is to provide medical, educational and economic aid to Eastern Senegal. It will do so in a way that is environmentally sustainable, provides economic opportunity and becomes a locus of identity and unity for the region.
2.0
Introduction
2.1
Le Kinkeliba Foundation
Founded in 1995, Le Kinkeliba is committed to engaging in concrete actions which facilitate longlasting development to support the most deprived and isolated rural populations of Eastern Senegal. It is guided by the following principles: transparency, information and longlasting collaboration with the people it seeks to support. Le Kinkelibas overall strategy is to transfer completed projects to competent local authorities. It works to facilitate the implantation of local doctors into the countryside by developing physical conditions necessary to support their work in the field. Besides health care, which lies at the heart of Le Kinkelibas mission, the association also encompasses the following areas: education, agriculture, and local economic development. Le Kinkeliba works towards overall holistic development of the areas in which it operates. Ongoing projects of Le Kinkeliba include medical centers at Goumbayel, Sinthian and Wassadou; elementary education facilities at Saal, Koar and Nimnkl; girls and boys residences at Tambacounda; and the farm school at Tilo-Tilo.
2.2
Introduction to Senegal
Dakar
1000 km
History
Independent of French rule since 1960, Senegal has a long history as a center of African culture and unity in the postcolonial era. Located on the western-most part of Africa, the country served as an administrative hub for the French colonial empire and a center of Francophone African culture. The countrys first president, Lopold Senghor, was a leading proponent of panAfricanism, attempting to unite Africa into a single federation. Although he was unsuccessful, he did establish a tradition of democratic rule, making Senegal one of the most stable, most democratic countries on the entire continent.
Climate
Senegals climate is tropical, with well defined wet and dry seasons. Most of the rainfall occurs between July and September, with most other months having little or no rainfall. Temperatures are hottest in the wet season. However, even in the coolest months the average temperature remains 20 degrees Celsius.
Temp.
28 27 26 25 24
Rainfall Dry Season Rainy Season Dry Season 250 mm 225 mm 200 mm 175 mm 150 mm 125 mm 100 mm 75 mm 50 mm 25 mm Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
23 22 21 20 19
average
Demographics
live in poverty
<
per day
Despite its political stability, Senegal shares many of the problems of other African nations. The population is poor and young. More than half of the population is under the age of 19 and more than half live in poverty. Unemployment is widespread, especially in rural areas, causing large seasonal migrations of workers to the cities and to Europe.
$820
life expectancy
income
annual 1kg
costs
41
age characteristics
life expectancy
1 million
median age
1 million
employment by sector
25% urban
75% rural
population density
Tribal Identities
Like many African nations, the borders of Senegal have more to do with colonial necessities then cultural ties. As such, many diferent tribes live in close proximity to each other throughout Senegal. In total, there are more than 30 distinctive group identities, which can be reduced to six main population groups. Each tribe has a traditional territory, although urban / rural migration and more than a century of political unity has caused significant mixing of tribes. Culturally and linguistically, many tribes are similar in significant ways and intermarriage is not uncommon.
wolof
fula
percentage of population
3.0
Program
local villages
artists + =
3.2 Calendar
Both the weekly movements between villages and the seasonal rhythms of life in rural Senegal must play an important part in the program of the arts center. Movement of artist and students from the site into the villages during weekly market days will be an important component of outreach to surrounding communities. During these visits, artists and students will perform and collect songs and art from villagers. Large celebrations will also be held for villagers at the site on a monthly basis. While the artists will only be present on the site for a six-month residency, the students will be on-site eleven months of the year for planting and harvesting, supplemented by local workers.
everyday site
sat.
sun.
mon.
tue.
wed.
thur.
fri.
fri.
fri. fri.
fri. fri.
fri. fri.
fri. fri.
feb. feb.
mar. mar.
apr. apr.
may. may.
jun. jun.
jul. jul.
daily
weekly
monthly
village
village
village
4.0
Site Evaluation
4.1 Regional
Context
The site is a plateau just north of the Gambia River. Numerous villages surround the site. The Gambia is the site of significant seasonal flooding and banana plantations line the river during the dry season.
4.2
Site Analysis
An analysis was conducted using GIS. The site was divided into 20 meter by 20 meter squares. An algorithm was then run to assign each square with a value based on slope, view, access and wind. The results were then compiled, identifying the four sites most suitable (least slope, best view, best access, most wind) for construction.
Title
Content goes here Content goes here (left) Areas outlined in white are the most suitable building sites as identified by the above listed factors.
5.0
Land Use
5.1
Program Requirements
total built area
464 sq meters
Residential spaces are of uniform sizes, allowing for a changing program of residents.
64 sq meters
studio
Studio spaces are largely open but contain private space for both students and artists. Archive contains a gallery, an archive and a resource library
residential
288 sq meters
archive
kitchen
lavatory
16 sq meters
Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.22 |
storage
5.2
6.0
Infrastructure
circulation concept
Pedestrian traffic is favored in the plan, followed by animal and bicycle, and finally auto traffic. This is also evident sectionally. Cars are parked at the bottom of the hill, while the pedestrian realm dominates on the plateau. Bikes and animals provide a link between the levels.
6.1 Transportation
As a remote site in rural Africa, there are significant issues relating to transportation and access. The transportation plan will address the following goals: 1. While automobile access is important, the vast majority of Africans do not drive. The plan must focus on pedestrian, animal and bicycle access. 2. Space must be provided for maintenance of vehicles and bicycles and fodder for animals on site. 3. The program must include rides to the site for villagers if they are to be included in the activities of the arts center.
restricted vision
Views are restricted on pathways, creating Pedestrians experience the plateau as an a sense of enclosure. Visibility widens at island. Paths circumnavigate the plateau, scenic overlooks and in open space. connecting scenic overlooks.
plateau as island
road typologies
primary roadway
3.5 m
secondary roadway
2.5 m
pathway
1.5 m
Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.26 |
Parking 128 sq meters 6-8 vehicles Vehicle Maintenence and Fueling 32 sq meters
vehicles
The center will maintain a fleet of bicycles for the use of residents, as well as a bus to transport residents to villages on market days and villagers to the center for performances.
regional circulation
Center residents will visit different villages on market days, making use of the centers vehicle and bicycles. For large scale performances and celebrations, the vehicle will make trips to bring villagers to and from the center.
6.2
Electricity
Available solar energy:
Since there is no electrical grid in the region, power must be produced on site. Senegals location near the equator and the southern exposure of the site make solar power the most attractive solution. Utilization of roof space would allow for infrastructure to be both ubiquitous and inconspicuous. Energy can be conserved and cost minimized by reducing the number of hours that power is available to different parts of the program. A gas powered generator should be available as a backup, especially during the rainy season.
hours of power
Energy consumption can be further limited by providing electricity to buildings based on a schedule. Residential buildings have power as people wake up and go to sleep, while the studios have power during daytime hours and into the night. The archive is open in the afternoons and the lavatories have power all the time. The kitchens open early and close after dark. Midnight
6 PM
6 AM
Noon
water requirements
6.3
Water
The UN recommends a daily water consumption of 20 liters per person. This amounts to 700 liters per day for the complete program.
Secondary to the need for power is the need for water. Proximity to the Gambia River and a high water table create favorable conditions for collecting enough water, even in the dry season. Using wind power to pump and solar heating to purify potable water, the slope of the site can be utilized to deliver water downhill. Additionally, rain water can be collected from the roofs of buildings, and stored as grey water. Because of the large slope of the site, several landscape controls are necessary to protect downhill areas.
windmill
solar heater
Water passes through plastic containers and is filtered by the suns power.
grey water
Rainwater is collected from roof surfaces and stored below ground in retaining pools.
water storage
Above ground storage allows water to travel through pipes under pressure and to retain a significant amount of extra water for emergencies. An 8 cubic meter storage tank would retain 7400 liters of water, enough for over one week.
2 meters
2 meters
stormwater management
Swales and plantings are used to allow slower filtration and control rainwater on the slopes.
6.4
Sanitation
Sanitation must be achieved at low cost and in an environmentally sustainable way. A biogas septic unit filters water and human waste, allowing them to be reused. Waste water filters back into the environment, while the process of filtration releases methane gases that can be harnessed and used for cooking and fuel. Utilization will significantly lower dependence on firewood and charcoal. Waste, once treated, can also be used as manure.
7.0
Open Space
7.1
Concept
The total site area is roughly 50 acres. Just under 1 acre will be built space, leaving 49 acres vacant. The remaining space will be divided between enclosed, open, seminatural and natural spaces.
49 acres
typology 4
8.0
Phasing
map:
Phasing
Phasing is considered to be an opportunity to enhance and expand programmatic considerations. Construction begins with infrastructure and artists residences. In the second phase, artists are encouraged to participate in the design and reclamation of open space. By the third phase, the final open space, infrastructure, studios and the archive complete the program.
map: