You are on page 1of 2

FUNCTION A desiccator used to refer to a laboratory glassware where things to be kept inside it are dry and away from

the moisture in the air. It is also known as the dry box due to it keep the thing inside dry, what makes the thing dry simply the use of a desiccant, an agent to ab sorb all moisture in the air of a closure environment. A desiccator normally made of glass, whether it is transparent or colored depends on the usage. The important reason of the building material is to allow us to see the things kept inside. The colored g lass is used to prevent sunlight direct to the things kept inside especially those things are photo -sensitive. TYPE The size of the desiccator cabinet is height, 8 7/8 x length, 9 x depth, 6 5/8 . It is fully transparent which allow anything keep insid e the unit can be seen clearly and monitor anytime. The cabinet has 2 gas ports, one port is located at the top while the other port is located at the bottom of the cabinet which allow the gas flow from the inlet port to the outlet port easily and quickly during the sweeping of gas. This type of desiccator allow the creation of atmosphere and maintenance of the same atmosphere at any level of concentration of gas inside the cabinet. These autoclavable desiccators are non-breakable due to they are made of polypropylene (PP) and polycarbonate (PC) which are capable to hold vacuum up to 740mm Hg without the need of greasing for at least 24 hours. There are 2 version of desiccator sold by this vendor, one model is non-vacuum (plain) desiccator and the other model is vacuum desiccator, both are having the same design and shape except the non-vacuum model does not have the stopcock. The purpose of using a stopcock in vacuum desiccator is to create the vacuum by shutting it off during the extraction of air inside th e desiccator using a vacuum pump and releasing it when it is not in use or opening the desiccator.

http://desiccator.org/

Reflux and Distillation .

Reflux is continuous boiling of a solution in a flask where the evaporating solvent is cooled and returns to the original reaction flask. Reflux is commonly used for carrying out organic reactions. Reactions can be heated for several hours, days, or even weeks. In our experiments, reflux times are between 30 and 90 minutes long. Using this method it is possible to heat mixtures to the boiling point without losing the solvent to evaporation

http://spot.pcc.edu/~chandy/241/Reflux%20and%20Distillation.pdf

The process of filtration involves the flow of water through a granular bed, of sand or another suitable media, at a low speed. The media retains most solid matter while permitting the water to pass. The process of filtration is usually repeated to ensure adequate removal of unwanted particles in the water (Ramstorp, 2003). This type of slow filtration over a granular bed is generally known as slow sand filtration. It is the oldest method of filtration but still widely used in municipal water treatment plants today. More modern filtration systems use carbon as the main constituent material of the filter. This carbon is compressed into a solid block form, as opposed to the more loosely structured, granular, sand filters. Such filters often include other media substances, in addition to the compressed, solid carbon. This type of water filter is known as a multimedia filter. These filters clean water through both physical and chemical processes. Physically, they perform the same function as slow sand filters, blocking the passage of unwanted materials with molecular structures that are larger than water. Chemically, the carbon or multimedia filters perform an added filtration function. Through the process of adsorption, the atomic charge of the carbon and other media encourages unwanted particles to abandon their bond with the water and chemically attach to the media (Ramstorp, 2003). The water then passes through the filter, cleansed of undesirable materials. The addition of extra media to the standard filter constitution of sand or carbon allows for more particles to chemically bond to the media, resulting in greater filter performance and efficiency. Water is generally directed through several stages carbon and multimedia filters to ensure the removal of all unwanted materials. The first filtration stage will remove the most concentrated chemicals, like chlorine, while subsequent stages will remove smaller and more evasive chemicals, like pesticides.

http://www.historyofwaterfilters.com/filtration-process.html
Processing of meat, fish and their solid products (excluding oils and fats). Processing of fruit and vegetables and their solid products (excluding oils, fats and juices). Processing of oils and fats from animal and vegetable sources. Manufacture of dairy products (milk, cheese, etc). Milling of grain, and manufacture of cereal and starch products. Production of animal feedstuffs (i.e. food for husbanded animals, and domestic pets). Production of bread, sugar, cocoa and confectionary. Processing of tea and coffee. Production o Processing of fruit and vegetables and their solid products (excluding oils, fats and juices).food beverages (alcoholic and non-alcoholic), including fruit and vegetable juices, and bottled mineral water.

Several of these sub-sectors are, of c ourse, completely dry processes, but with a sufficiency of liquid processing in the other parts, and of utility filtration (pneumatics, hydraulics and other operating services), enough to make this the fifth largest of the end -use sectors, utilising almost all kinds of separation equipment. The process filters and centrifuges are used in the preparation of ingredients, in the production process itself, in the purification of products, and in the recycling or treatment of waste streams.

You might also like