TWO MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS FIFTH SEMESTER CS331 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING UNIT - I

1. Define a signal. A signal is defines as any physical quantity and it can be represented as a function of time , distance, position, temperature , pressure etc. and it represents some variable of interest associated with the system. 2. List the different categories of signal. The various classifications of signals are: i. Deterministic signal. ii. Random signal. iii. Continuous time signal. iv. Discrete time signal. v. Continuous valued signal. vi. Discrete valued signal. vii. Mutichannel signal. 3. Define Sampling. Sampling is a process of selecting values of analog signal at discrete time instant of time so that the analog signal will be converted into discrete time, continuous valued signal. 4. Define Quantization. Quantization is a process of selecting amplitude values of discrete time, continuous valued signal, so that the signal will be converted into discrete signal. 5. What are the various mathematical operations that can be performed on a discrete time signal? The mathematical operations are : i. Shifting in time. ii. Folding the signal. iii. Amplitude scaling. iv. Time scaling. v. Signal addition and multiplication. 6. Define an impulse signal. An impulse signal or an unit sample signal is defined as, (n) = 1 ; n = 0 (n) = 0 ; n 0 A delayed impulse signal or an unit sample delayed signal is defined as, (n n0) = 1 ; n = n0 (n n0) = 0 ; n n0

7. Define an unit step signal. An unit step signal is defined as,

u(n) = 1 ; n 0 u(n) = 0 ; n < 0 8. Define a ramp signal. A ramp signal is defined as, Ur(n) = n ; n 0 Ur(n) = 0 ; n < 0 9. What is down sampling? In a discrete time signal x(n) if n gets multiplied by an integer then that signal is called as down sampled signal and the process involved is called as down sampling process. 10. Define periodic and a periodic signal. A signal x(n) is periodic with period N ( N > 0 ) iff x( n + N) = x(n), n A signal is aperiodic if there is no value of N that satisfies the above condition. 11. Define symmetric and antisymmetric signals. A real valued signal x(n) is called as symmetric iff x( n ) = x(-n), n A real valued signal x(n) is called as anti symmetric iff x( n ) = -x(n), n 12. Define a system. A system is viewed as an operation or a set of operations performed on the input signal x(n) to produce the output signal y(n). It is mathematically defined as, y( n ) = Hx(n) H Impulse response

13. List the advantages of Digital Signal Processing The various advantages are listed as below: i. Flexibility. ii. Accuracy. iii. Easy storage. iv. Processing. v. Cost effective. 14. What are the applications of DSP system? The various applications of DSP are:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

Speech processing. Bio-Medical systems. Digital communication systems. Image processing Seismology.

15. When a system is said to be static? A DTS is said to be static or memory less system, if the output of the system at any instant n depends completely on the input samples at that instant but not on the past and future values of the input.. Eg: y(n) = ax(n) 16. State the Superposition principle. The principle of Superposition states that, the response of the system to a weighted sum of the input signals is equal to the corresponding weighted sum of the response of the system to each individual input signal. 17. Define BIBO stable system. A system is said to be Bounded Input Bounded Output (BIBO) stable iff any bounded input produces bounded output. If the input x(n) is bounded then there exists a constant Mx such that, |x(n)| Mx < and the output y(n) is bounded then there exists a constant My such that |y(n)| My < . 18. Define a Linear Time Invariant Systems(LTIS). Any analytical system that satisfies both linearity and time invariant property is called as an LTIS. 19. List the properties of convolution. i. Convolution is commutative ii. Convolution is associative. iii. Convolution is distributive. 20. What is the condition for an LTIS to be stable? The condition for the output y(n) is said to be stable if the impulse response of the system satisfies the condition, Sh = |h(k)| < 21. Define FIR and IIR systems. Systems that have a finite impulse response h(n) are called as Finite Impulse Response (FIR) systems. Systems that have an infinite impulse response h(n) are called as an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) systems. 22. Define a recursive and a non-recursive system. A system whose output y(n) at any time n depends on any number of past output values, present and past input values is called as a recursive system. y(n) = F [ y(n-1), y(n-2), ---- y(n-N), x(n), x(n-1),----- x(n-M) ]

A system whose output y(n) at any time n depends only on present and past input values is called as a recursive system. y(n) = F [ x(n), x(n-1),----- x(n-M) ] 23. Define ROC. Region Of Convergence (ROC) is defined as the set of all values of Z for which X(Z) is finite. 24. List the properties of Z transform. The various properties of Z transform are: i. Linearity. ii. Time shifting. iii. Scaling. iv. Time reversal. v. Differentiation in Z domain. vi. Convolution of two sequences. vii. Correlation of two sequences. viii. Multiplication of two sequences. ix. Parsevals theorem. x. Initial value theorem. 25. Define rational Z transform. A family of Z transform for which X (Z) is a rational function i.e., ratio of the numerator polynomial to the denominator polynomial is called as rational Z transformation. 26. What are the different techniques for finding the Inverse Z transformation? The various techniques are: i. Long division method or Power series expansion method. ii. Partial fraction method. iii. Residue method or Cauchys residue method. 27. What are the classifications of discrete time systems? i. Static and dynamic systems. ii. Time variant and time invariant systems. iii. Linear and non-linear systems. iv. Stable and unstable systems. v. Causal and non-causal systems. 28. What is a Causal system? A system is said to be causal if the output of the system at any time n depends only on the present and the past input samples but does not depend on the future inputs. Eg: y(n) = x(n) + x(n 1) 29. What is a time invariant system? If the input-output of a system does not vary with respect to time, then such a system is called as time invariant system. 30. What is a Linear system?

A linear system is one that satisfies the superposition principle according to which the output of the system to a weighted sum of inputs is equal to the corresponding weighted sun\m of the outputs to each of the individual inputs. 31. Define a dynamic system. A DTS is said to be dynamic or memory based system, if the output of the system at any instant n depends not only on the input samples at that instant but also on the past and future values of the input.. Eg: y(n) = ax(n) + x(n 1) 32. Define Z transformation. The z transform of any discrete time signal x(n) is defined as,

X(Z) = x(n) z n
n = -

where z is a complex variable.

33. What are the basic factors that affect the ROC of z transformation? The factors that affect the ROC are i. Duration of the signals (finite / infinite). ii. Causal / Anticausal / Two-sided signals. 34. Define System function of LTIS. The response of LTIS is given by, Y(n) = x(n) * h(n) Taking z transform, we get Y(Z) = X(Z) H(Z) H(Z) = Y(Z) / X(Z) where H(Z) is the system function of LTIS. 35. Define poles and zeroes of z transform. The zeroes of z transform of X (Z) are the values of Z for which X (Z) = 0 The poles of z transform of X (Z) are the values of Z for which X (Z) =