Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In This Issue: ICRC Policy on Torture: Interview with Edouard Delaplace ICRC Washington's Work on Detention Confidentiality - A Crucial Approach for the ICRC ICRC News from Around the Globe Afghanistan Brazil Georgia Haiti Iraq Kuwait Libya Pakistan Peru Somalia South Sudan Sudan Syria Yemen
As always, please write us with your thoughts and feedback. Kind regards, The ICRC Washington Delegation
Zimbabwe
NEW ICRC Photo Gallery : Improving Living Conditions for Inmates in Haiti In this photo gallery, we share with you a recent detention success story. Working closely together with Haiti 's prison administration, the ICRC has just completed major repair and refurbishing work on the "Titanic" wing of Port-auPrince prison, the largest place of confinement in the country with a capacity of over 2,000 people. The completion of this project provides improved living conditions for hundreds of detainees.
In this picture, an ICRC engineer explains the new water system to prison guards. For more pictures of this project, click here.
This new leaflet summarizes the problems faced by families who have been separated by conflict. It includes a
been separated by conflict. It includes a description of the methods used to restore family links, reunite separated families and ascertain the status of detainees and missing persons.
torture victims? The ICRC's work is based on the visits it makes to people deprived of their liberty to assess the conditions in which they are held and the way they are being treated. Of course, our presence alone is not always enough to stop or prevent illtreatment, but people in detention often tell us that these visits provide them with a welcome respite. For men and women detainees who have been tortured, a visit by an ICRC delegate provides reassurance that someone recognizes their existence and their suffering. Helping those people recover a sense of their dignity by speaking to them, giving them time and attention, is the first thing an ICRC delegate does when he meets someone who is in prison. These visits are sometimes an opportunity for a man or woman who has suffered ill-treatment to see a doctor. They also enable the ICRC to provide detainees with humanitarian services, such as the opportunity to contact and exchange news with loved ones through Red Cross Messages (RCMs). Outside places of detention, the ICRC aims to act more consistently and on a greater scale to offer victims rehabilitation. It is increasingly working with organizations that specialize in this field. In addition, the organization also works with national authorities to help them improve the practices of their officials with regard to detainees. Lastly, how can the ICRC help eradicate torture? Can you give us a few examples? Torture is an extremely complex phenomenon. Its prevalence, or otherwise, may be influenced by a wide range of factors involving individuals, the law, the mechanisms of governance, and ethical convictions. The ICRC takes a comprehensive approach, the primary aim of which is to provide victims with protection, assistance and rehabilitation. At the same time, however, it works to create a legal, institutional and ethical environment conducive to stopping these practices, and where such an environment already exists, to bolster it. In terms of the legal environment, the ICRC tries to ensure that the prohibition on torture and other forms of ill-treatment becomes an integral part of national constitutions and that these rules are incorporated at the various levels concerned. When it comes to the institutional environment, there needs to be monitoring and disciplinary measures in place, and these need to be effective. The ICRC works with a variety of entities to strengthen these mechanisms. Bolstering the ethical environment is perhaps the biggest challenge of all. Where certain values are not deeply rooted in society, it is much more difficult to have an impact on the phenomenon of ill-treatment. For the ICRC, ethical arguments should therefore be at the forefront. It is vital to be able to influence the debate on torture if we are to have a chance of making a real impact.
Under international humanitarian law, detainees held in an armed conflict must be treated humanely and allowed contact with their families. In June 2007, Israeli authorities suspended family visits for detainees from Gaza. The decision was made a year after Palestinian armed groups captured the Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit , who has been in captivity without family contact for over 5 years. Family visits are an essential lifeline to the outside world. See the recent ICRC press release demanding proof of life of Gilad Shalit and to allow family contact. This film portrays two cases of broken family ties in Gaza and the importance of family visits for detainees.
ICRC Detention Visits The ICRC follows the same standard procedures for all visits to persons deprived of liberty, listed below. For more information on the history, purpose and characteristics of detention visits, we encourage you to read Protection of Detainees: ICRC Action Behind Bars, by Alain Aeschlimann's, former head of the ICRC's Central Tracing Agency and Protection Division. - In confidential discussions with the authorities before and after each visit, delegates raise concerns and make recommendations where appropriate. - ICRC delegates must have access to all cells where detainees are held and other facilities used by detainees, such as kitchens, showers, infirmaries and
as kitchens, showers, infirmaries and punishment cells. - ICRC delegates must be able to speak privately with each and every detainee of their choice. - The ICRC registers detainees falling within its area of concern individually, so as to be able to monitor the situation of each person as long as he or she remains in captivity. - The ICRC must be allowed to repeat its visits as frequently as it chooses. Upcoming Events Health Emergencies in Large Populations (H.E.L.P) Courses A multicultural and multidisciplinary learning experience created to enhance professionalism in humanitarian assistance programmes conducted in emergency situations. July 11-29 Baltimore/USA July 11-22 Hawaii/USA 5th Annual International Humanitarian Law Dialogs August 28-30 Co-sponsored by and held at the Robert H. Jackson Center at the Chautauqua Institution in New York, this event is a historic gathering of renowned international prosecutors from Nuremberg through present day and leading professionals in the international criminal law field. It will allow participants and the public to engage in meaningful dialog concerning past and contemporary crimes against humanity, and the role of modern international criminal law. Call for applications: 16th course in IHL for humanitarian professionals and policy-makers September 19-24 The ICRC regional delegation for Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania calls for applications for its 16th course in international humanitarian law (IHL) for humanitarian professionals and policymakers. Held in Naivasha, Kenya.
repatriated to or resettled in. Whenever appropriate, we then share these concerns with the authorities. Become a fan today! So, in that context, could you explain your work as Detention Coordinator over the past few years? My main tasks as a "Co/Det," as I was known, in these visits can be split into three phases: before; during; and after. It is a continuous cycle. Preparations for the next visit start immediately at the end of the previous one. Before the visit, my main task is to work on the administrative aspects. It takes a lot of preparation to make one visit happen. For instance, we must first identify the delegates who will take part in the visit. This is based on the languages and skill sets needed. Then we have to get these people to Guantanamo, no small task since we are talking about 20 people who live around the world. During the visit, I brief participating delegates. I then monitor and guide our daily activities by supervising and leading the detention team. Throughout, I am the focal point for the detaining authorities on the ground. All this is done in close coordination with our management in Washington and Geneva. The most important task of any visit is, of course, to speak with the detainees. That means listening to them and allowing them to benefit from a the wide range of humanitarian services we provide. Those include Red Cross Messages as well as phone calls and video teleconferences with their families. Ultimately, we end the visit with a clear understanding of the situation in the facility, including material conditions, treatment, health situation, and legal developments. This allows us to engage in a confidential dialogue with the authorities and provide practical recommendations aimed at improving the detainees' overall condition of detention. After a visit, the reporting and writing begin; and then it is already time to start all over again. How do you look at Guantanamo after two and a half years spent working on this complex file? Over the years, there has been substantive dialogue between the ICRC and the U.S. on the issue of detention related to armed conflict and counter-terrorism operations. There have been differences of opinion, particularly regarding the legal
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ICRC Mission The ICRC is an impartial, neutral, and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence and to provide them with assistance.
framework applicable to persons detained in the fight against terrorism. We welcomed the three detention-related Executive Orders issued by President Obama on January 22, 2009 as an opportunity for a thorough review of the status of all detainees and of the conditions and procedures governing their internment. We strongly believe that a detainee's welfare depends on his ability to stay in contact with his family members. We dedicate significant resources restoring and maintaining family links between detainees and their relatives. We have facilitated the exchange of thousands of Red Cross Messages between detainees and their families. We have set up a system that enables detainees to regularly speak to their families by telephone. This is facilitated by ICRC delegations and National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies around the world. It was implemented by U.S. authorities in April 2008. Over 1,300 telephone calls have been made since we started this program. From a legal perspective, we maintain that persons captured or arrested within the context of the fight against terrorism must take place within a clear and appropriate framework. No person should be deprived of his freedom or interrogated outside a legal framework. For the ICRC, the detention of persons in connection with an international armed conflict is governed by international humanitarian law. In particular, the rules set out in the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions should be adhered to. The detention of people in connection with a non-international armed conflict is governed by Article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions, the rules of customary international humanitarian law, Additional Protocol II where ratified, and applicable provisions of international human rights law and domestic law. Historically in the context of U.S. detention, we have adopted a case-by-case approach to determine whether situations arising from the fight against terrorism amount to armed conflict or not. Today in GTMO, and elsewhere, we believe that the status of each detainee should be determined on the basis of the rules applicable to the situation in which he was captured. As you look back, what are your best memories? Being allowed to photograph the internees so that they could send their portraits to their families was important. The first video tele-conference between an internee in GTMO and his family in Tunisia was also a significant accomplishment. These services have an immensely positive impact. Where are you heading next? I will join our team in Colombo. A main task will be to clarify the fate of persons who went missing throughout the conflict years in Sri Lanka. The protection department in Colombo
also works on detention and I will be involved in that. It is difficult to leave friends and colleagues in Washington, with whom I shared some very intense moments in the course of our humanitarian work, but I also look forward to this new mission.