You are on page 1of 4

Diamond chip

Diamond Chip or carbon Chip is an electronic chip manufactured on a Diamond structural Carbon wafer. OR it can be also defined as the electronic component manufactured using carbon as the wafer. The major component using carbon is (cnt) Carbon Nanotube. Carbon Nanotube is a nano dimensional made by using carbon. It has many unique properties. ADVANTAGES OF DIAMOND CHIP 1 SMALLER COMPONENTS ARE POSSIBLE As the size of the carbon atom is small compared with that of silicon atom, it is possible to etch very smaller lines through diamond structural carbon. We can realize a transistor whose size is one in hundredth of silicon transistor. 2 IT WORKS AT HIGHER TEMPERATURE Diamond is very strongly bonded material. It can withstand higher temperatures compared with that of silicon. At very high temperature, crystal structure of the silicon will collapse. But diamond chip can function well in these elevated temperatures. Diamond is very good conductor of heat. So if there is any heat dissipation inside the chip, heat will very quickly transferred to the heat sink or other cooling mechanics. 3 FASTER THAN SILICON CHIP Carbon chip works faster than silicon chip. Mobility of the electrons inside the doped diamond structural carbon is higher than that of in he silicon structure. As the size of the silicon is higher than that of carbon, the chance of collision of electrons with larger silicon atoms increases. But the carbon atom size is small, so the chance of collision decreases. So the mobility of the charge carriers is higher in doped diamond structural carbon compared with that of silicon. 4 LARGER POWER HANDLING CAPACITY For power electronics application silicon is used, but it has many disadvantages such as bulk in size, slow operating speed, less efficiency, lower band gap etc at very high voltages silicon structure will collapse. Diamond has a strongly bonded crystal structure. So carbon chip can work under high power environment. ADVANTAGES OF DIAMOND CHIP 1 SMALLER COMPONENTS ARE POSSIBLE

As the size of the carbon atom is small compared with that of silicon atom, it is possible to etch very smaller lines through diamond structural carbon. We can realize a transistor whose size is one in hundredth of silicon transistor. 2 IT WORKS AT HIGHER TEMPERATURE Diamond is very strongly bonded material. It can withstand higher temperatures compared with that of silicon. At very high temperature, crystal structure of the silicon will collapse. But diamond chip can function well in these elevated temperatures. Diamond is very good conductor of heat. So if there is any heat dissipation inside the chip, heat will very quickly transferred to the heat sink or other cooling mechanics. 3 FASTER THAN SILICON CHIP Carbon chip works faster than silicon chip. Mobility of the electrons inside the doped diamond structural carbon is higher than that of in he silicon structure. As the size of the silicon is higher than that of carbon, the chance of collision of electrons with larger silicon atoms increases. But the carbon atom size is small, so the chance of collision decreases. So the mobility of the charge carriers is higher in doped diamond structural carbon compared with that of silicon. 4 LARGER POWER HANDLING CAPACITY For power electronics application silicon is used, but it has many disadvantages such as bulk in size, slow operating speed, less efficiency, lower band gap etc at very high voltages silicon structure will collapse. Diamond has a strongly bonded crystal structure. So carbon chip can work under high power environment. It is assumed that a carbon transistor will deliver one watt of power at rate of 100 GHZ. Now days in all power electronic circuits, we are using certain circuits like relays, or MOSFET inter connection circuits (inverter circuits) for the purpose of interconnecting a low power control circuit with a high power circuit .If we are using carbon chip this inter phase is not needed. We can connect high power circuit direct to the diamond chip IMPORTANCE OF CARBON NANOTUBE IN DIAMOND CHIP CARBON NANOTUBE is considered as the most important component of electronics in the future. It will be the major component in the carbon chip. We can realize carbon nanotube transistors and single molecular logic circuits using carbon nanotube. It is also used for inter connecting various components so the scientists are concentrating on the carbon nanotube research for the development of the future diamond chip. So we can discuss CARBON NANOTUBE in detail CARBON NANOTUBE(CNT) Carbon nanotube is defined as a nano dimensional tube made up of graphite layers. It is assumed that a graphite layer is taken and it is rolled to make a carbon nanotube. Usually

it has a diameter in nanometers and length in millimeters. Carbon nanotube is invented by a Japanese microphysist- S.IIJIMS. His invention was an accidental one. Later its properties made it important in the electronic chip industry. There are two types of carbon nano tube. They are 1 METALLIC CARBON NANOTUBE 2 SEMICONDUCTING CARBON NANOTUBE 1 Metallic Carbon Nanotube is defined as a Nanotube, which exhibit metallic properties. The band gap is approximately zero in this case. Multi walled nanotubes are mostly metallic. Which is mainly used of interconnection inside the chip. These ones offer small resistance to current. So the current loss is very small in carbon nanotubes 2 Semi conducting nanotube is defined as a Nanotube, which exhibit semiconductor properties. Usually semi conducting Nanotube have a narrow energy band gap of 0.3 eV and above. All single walled carbon nanotube are semi conducting. Semi conducting carbon nanotube are more important compared with that of metallic carbon nanotube. For the manufacturing of active electronics devices, semi conducting carbon nanotubes are used. CARBON NANTUBES ARE MAINLY CLASSIFIED IN TO TWO. THEY ARE: 1. SINGLE WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES. SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBE is a nanotube, which has only one graphite layer. It is assumed that one graphite layer is taken and it is folded in a cylindrical shape to make a carbon Nanotube. Single walled Nanotube is semiconductor, which exhibits band gap energy of 0.3 eV. Current conduction takes place through the walls. As the diameter increase the band gap energy decreases and it exhibit metallic properties. 2 MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE Multi walled carbon nanotube is a nanotube which has multiple layer boundary. It is assumed that a set of graphite layers is taken and which is folded cylindrical shape to make the multi walled carbon nanotube. Multi walled carbon nanotubes are mostly metallic in nature. The energy band gap is approximately zero .The diameter of multi walled carbon nanotube is larger than that of single walled carbon nanotube. It is mostly used in applications like inter connection between chip components (chips like microprocessor), because it has a very high conductivity, so the information transfer will be very fast. It is not used for the manufacturing of semiconductor devices like (cnt) carbon nanotube transistor because it will not give a cut off on the application of the gate voltage PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBE (CNT) 1 AVERAGE DIAMETER OF 1.2 NM 1.4 NM

The Japanese Scientist made the smallest carbon nanotube; the diameter of that carbon nanotube is just 0.4nm.The average diameter of the carbon nanotube is 1.2 nm to 1.4nm.The diameter varies according to the manufacturing process. E-beam lithography can create lines of 50 nm wide. 3 HIGHLY STABLE Carbon nanotubes can with stand high temperatures. It can withstand a temperature up to 2800 degree Celsius in vacuum. Ordinary silicon chip transistors can operate smoothly up to 150 degrees only. 4 HIGH CURRENT DENSITY Maximum current density is one billion ampere per Centimeter Square. Ordinary copper conductors will burn out at a current density of one million amperes per Centimeter Square. 4 GOOD THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY The thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotube is 6000 w/m/k so the heat dissipation in the circuitry is quickly passed to the heat sink or other cooling mechanism. On comparison pure diamond will transmit heat at the rate of 3320 w/m/k. 5 HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH Carbon nanotube has a tensile strength of 45 billion Pascal. Where as a high strength steel alloy break at about 2 billion Pascal .So NASA is planning to use carbon nanotube for spacecraft component manufacturing. 6 HIGH DENSITY Carbon nanotube has very high density of 1.33 to 1.40 grams per Cm Square. So NASA is planning to use CNT alloys in the nozzles of future space shuttles. 7 TWISTING ANGLE DEPENDENCE Carbon nanotube has an important property called TWISTING ANGLE DEPENDENCE. Ordinary multi walled carbon nanotube exhibit metallic nature. But it is dependent on its twisting angle. The band gap of the carbon nanotube increases with its twisting angle .So this method can be used to convert metallic carbon nanotubes in to semi conducting carbon nanotubes. Atomic force microscope is used to make twist in the carbon nanotube .It is operated in contact mode to make these twist PRODUCTION METHODS OF CARBON NANOTUBE THERE ARE VARIOUS PRODUCTION METHODS. THREE MAINMETHODS ARE: 1. ARC DISCHARGE METHOD. 2. PULSED LASER EVAPORATION. 3. SILICON CARBIDE VAPORISATION.

You might also like