Iso 23.04

International Sugar Organization
1 Canada Square
Canary Wharf
London E14 5AA
MARKET EVALUATION CONSUMPTION AND

STATISTICS COMMITTEE
MECAS(05)05
23 April 2005
An International Survey of Sugar Crop Yields and Prices Paid

for Sugar Cane and Beet
Abstract
The ISO has prepared an updated international survey on agricultural and
industrial yields in a wide range of producing countries during the second half
of the 1990s and first years of the current decade. The ISO also reproduces a
long term (1992-2002) statistical series of prices paid for sugar crops in a
representative cluster of sugar producing countries based on data of the FAO,
which are available in the FAOSTAT database. A review of the developments in
sugar crop and yields leads to an interesting observation that in spite of
distortions imposed by national sugar regimes and protectionist policies, the
world sugar economy keeps developing in accordance with economic theory.
Both production and exports are increasingly concentrating in the countries
where sugar industries were relatively more efficient in terms of sugar yields.
The period under review (1994/95-2002/03) is characterized by a further
reduction in beet sugar production in both absolute and proportional terms,
while the importance of the efficient (in terms of agricultural and industrial
yields) cane sugar producers has increased considerably, indicating a growing
dominance of the latter in the world sugar economy. Prices paid to the growers
for sugar cane and beet delivered to sugar mills/factories for processing and,
hence, costs of raw material for the industry have shown a considerable decline
since the mid-1990s. The costs of raw material (the expenses of the processing
industry on cane purchases necessary to produce one tonne of sugar) for cane
millers are nearly 40% lower that those of their colleagues in the beet sugar
sector.
Table of Contents
Introduction
I. Agricultural and Sugar Yields
A.
Sugar cane
Box 1 Non-centrifugal sugar production
Box 2 Brazil: Distribution of sugar cane for different uses
Box 3 India: industrial sugar and artisan sweeteners
10
B.
Sugar beet
11
C.
Sugar yields: cane v beet
15
II. Prices Paid for Sugar Crops
18
A.
Limitations imposed by data and methodology used
18
A.
Sugar cane
19
B.
Sugar beet
19
C.
Crop Prices and Costs of Raw Material: Cane v Beet
22
Conclusion
24
Statistical Appendix
26
MECAS(05)05
An International Survey of Sugar Crop Yields and Prices Paid for Sugar Cane and Beet
Introduction
The ISO study Key Drivers of the World Sugar Market (MECAS(02)08)
identified the underlining cost competitiveness of each producing nation as one
of the major drivers of world sugar production, determining the future centres
of production and export growth. In 2004 the Secretariat prepared an initial
framework study on sugar production costs (MECAS(04)06 of 2 April 2004) in an
attempt to identify possible methods of making sugar production cost estimates
for individual producers at the national level in an internationally comparable
form. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different possible
methods has led to the conclusion that the most accurate way of estimating
production costs would be to use the engineering cost methodology.
Unfortunately, due to existing budgetary and labour resource constraints the
Secretariat is currently not able to undertake a full scale production cost survey.
The initial framework study suggested, however, that in order to by-pass the
integral difficulties and complexities of production cost estimates, it might be
possible to make an international comparison in purely technical terms, using
agricultural and industrial yields of sugar crops. They provide a useful guide to
relative efficiency of production. The last time the Secretariat addressed this
issue in 1999 (see Developments in Sugar Crop Yields in the 1990s,
MECAS(99)18). Taking into account significant technological advances in sugar
crop growing and processing in recent years, we believe that an updated
international survey on agricultural and industrial yields in a wide range of
producing countries should provide useful information on the current state and
tendencies in relative efficiency of sugar industries. In this study long term
(1991/92-2002/03) series of crop statistics (harvested areas, cane and beet
production, sugar production, agricultural and sugar yields) are presented for all
sugar producing countries.
The framework study also suggested that, in the case of field production cost,
from the sugar mill/factory perspective the cost of its raw material supply (i.e.
sugar cane or beet) is well represented by the actual prices, which are paid by
the processing industry to farmers for the delivery of sugar crops. In the present
ISO study we reproduce a long term (1991-2002) statistical series of prices paid
for sugar crops in a representative cluster of sugar producing countries based
on the FAO data which are available in the FAOSTAT database.
The sources of statistics on sugar production, harvested areas and beet and
cane production for this study includes the official reports to the ISO from
member and non-member countries (since 1994 the request for data on
beet/cane areas and production has been included in our Annual Statistics
Questionnaire), as well as relevant data published by the FAO and other sources
of sugar statistics.
It has to be noted that there are obvious limitations in the use of both sugar
yields and available series of prices paid for sugar cane and beet as indicators of
MECAS(05)05
cost efficiency. Indeed, high yields in themselves can be misguiding, as

sometimes they can only be achieved by means of expensive chemical aids or
costly investments in irrigation. High labour or environmental costs can also
easily dent the productive gains achieved at the technical level. Moreover,
international statistics of sugar crop production do not provide data on
quantities of cane and beet actually processed into sugar. This is particularly
important for countries where sugar production is not the only outlet for cane
processors 1. Significant quantities of harvested cane are also used for seed
cane. In the case of prices paid for sugar crops, due to a widely spread practice
of revenue sharing schemes as well as tolling schemes, sugar crop prices may
differ considerably from the actual field production costs. In other words,
neither yields nor cane/beet prices can be considered as optimal indexes of
technical and cost efficiency of sugar industry, but they are the only coherent
sets of data currently available for researches. Despite the mentioned
limitations, a review and analysis of sugar yields and sugar crop prices is a
necessary step in the ISO long-term project with a view to develop further a
better understanding of production costs and their dynamics.
The data on sugar crop areas, agricultural and industrial yields of beet and cane
used for centrifugal sugar production, as well as prices paid to growers for cane
and beet, raw material costs for the industry in individual countries and world
averages are reproduced in Statistical Appendix.
AGRICULTURAL AND SUGAR YIELDS
A.
Sugar Cane
Among agricultural crops sugar cane has probably the widest geographical
distribution. With some exceptions, sugar cane is grown satisfactorily in areas
located within latitudes 30o North and 30o South of the equator. Northern
Uruguay (31o S) is the Southernmost point and the south of Spain (36o N) is the
Northernmost point in the world where sugar cane is commercially grown. In
2002/03 cane was harvested from 7.638 mln hectares in Asia, 3.519 mln
hectares in South America, 2.300 mln hectares in Central America, 1.060 mln
hectares in Africa, 0.489 mln hectares in Oceania and 0.393 mln hectares in
North America. Cane is grown in about 70 countries and territories. Of interest,
by the end of the 1990s cane cultivation ceased in 3 African countries (Angola,
Nigeria and Rwanda).
Cane is grown under diverse conditions of soil, climate and location by different
types of enterprises varying from small-scale single farms to multiple-unit
managements, in the developed and developing countries. Not surprisingly,
diverse cultivation conditions and differences in the technological level of the
processing sector in different countries result in wide variations in agricultural
In Brazil about 50% of Total Reduced Sugar is used for ethanol production. In India and
Pakistan a significant proportion of harvested cane is diverted to non-centrifugal sugar
production (for more details see Boxes 1-3).
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and industrial yields. Thus, average cane yields during the first seasons in the
current decade varied from about 25
tonnes of cane per hectare (Cameroon,
Sierra Leone, Uganda) to nearly 115 tonnes/ha in Colombia, with a world
average at 63 tonnes/ha. Industrial yields in the cane sector during the same
period of time varied from less than 2 tonnes of sugar, raw sugar basis, per
hectare (Myanmar) to 14.05 tonnes/ha (Colombia), while the world average
was 7.18 tonnes/ha. The frequency distribution of sugar yields are illustrated by
Fig.1 a.
Fig.1 Cane crop developments,
1997/98-2002/03
1997/98=1
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
Cane production
Sugar yields
Areas
2001/02
2002/03
Cane yields
Sugar production
Fig.1a Frequency distribution of sugar yields (2000/012002/03) and producers grouping by relative efficiency
world average=7.18t/ha)
number of observations
70
very high yields
60
high
yields
50
40
30
middle
yields
low yields
20
10
0
2
10
12
14
sugar yileds in t/ha
During the period under review the world cane sugar industry continued its
expansion (see fig. 1). In the first years of the current decade (1999/002002/03) sugar production from cane grew by 23.4% from the average for
MECAS(05)05
1993/94-1996/97 2. The growth can be attributed to both extensive and

intensive developments. However, it has to be noted that cane areas on average
have increased by 12.3%, while the increases in average sugar and cane yields
are significantly smaller (9.1% and 6.5%, respectively).
For the purpose of a further analysis cane-producing countries have been
grouped into categories based on the average sugar yields recorded in the first
years of the current decade. As a starting point we have used the world
weighted average for sugar yields (7.18 t/ha). Countries with sugar yields about
this benchmark (+/-1 t/ha) are included in the middle yield group, which
therefore consists of producers with yields over 6 but under 8 tonnes/ha. The
group of low yield producers includes the countries where yields are below 6
tonnes of sugar per hectare. The high yield countries have yields above 8 but
lower than 10 tonne/ha. Finally, the very high yield group includes producers,
where yields are in excess of 10 tonnes/ha. The composition of the groups is
illustrated in Fig.1a and shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 Classification of cane producers by sugar yields
Low yields (lower than 6t/ha)
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Cameroon
Congo
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
Fiji
Gabon
Guinea
Haiti
Indonesia
Iran
Jamaica
Madagascar
Malaysia
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Philippines
Somalia
Sri Lanka
St. Christopher
Suriname
Trinidad & T.
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Zaire
Middle yields
(6 to 8 t/ha)
Argentina
Bangladesh
Burundi
China
China (Taiwan)
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Guyana
Honduras
Japan
Mali
Mauritius
Nicaragua
Papua N. G.
Sierra Leone
Tanzania
Thailand
High Yields
(8 to 10 t/ha)
Brazil
Burkina Faso
Chad
Cote d'Ivore
El Salvador
Guatemala
India
Kenya
Mexico
Morocco
South Africa
USA
Very high yields

(higher than10 t/ha)
Australia
Colombia
Egypt
Ethiopia
Malawi
Peru
Senegal
Sudan
Swaziland
Zambia
Zimbabwe
The average sugar yield in the group of low yield producers has remained
practically unchanged since the mid-1990s at a level of about 3.60 tonnes/ha.
The combined sugar output of the group has reduced from 15.6 mln tonnes,
raw value, averaged in the mid-1990s, to the present level of about 14.9 mln
tonnes. Currently the group of low yield producers is responsible for less than
15% of the world cane sugar production compared to 19% in the middle of the
1990s. The decrease of the groups share in the world total cane production can
be attributed to the falling sugar output of the group together with a
2
In order to reduce the influence of individual crop years with exceptional weather conditions in
examining trends in yields and their components we refer here and further down to two sets of
averages: for the four seasons in the middle of the 1990s (1993/1994-1996/97) and first four
seasons if the current decade (1999/00-2002/03).
MECAS(05)05
considerable production expansion in the efficient producers. Since the mid1990s, yields have decreased, in terms of four-year averages, in 14 out of a
total 32 producers in the group. There are also some success stories. Thus, in
2002/03 sugar industry of Mozambique achieved sugar yields well above 6
tonnes/ha, while their colleagues in the Philippines were also close to the 6
tonnes/ha mark. If better sugar yields are sustained, these two countries may
leave the league of low-yields producers. In contrast, there seems to be no end
to the decline in yields in Cuba (not long ago the worlds leading sugar
exporter). Severe financial and structural problems facing Cuba have led to a
sharp drop in agricultural inputs. As a result, sugar yields reduced dramatically
from 5.26 tonnes/ha hectare in 1991/92 to 2.16 tonne/ha only in 2002/03.
In contrast to the first group (countries with low sugar yield), the middle yield
producers have achieved considerable gains in sugar production (from 15.8 mln
tonnes averaged in the mid-1990s to 19.7 mln tonnes in the early years of the
current decade) . Of importance, production increase is mainly a result of gains
in relative efficiency (in terms of industrial yields) rather than area increases.
The average sugar yield of the group has increased by 14% from 5.77
tonnes/ha to 6.59 tonnes/ha. There are two main producers in the group: China
(in 2002/03 sugar production reached 10.370 mln tonnes, raw value, as against
7.239 mln tonnes five seasons ago) and Thailand (7.670 mln tonnes and 5.475
mln tonnes, respectively). These two Asian countries are responsible on average
for nearly 75% of the groups total sugar output. In the case of Thailand higher
sugar production has been achieved without increase in cane areas. Sugar yields
grew from an average of 5.63 tonnes/ha in the mid-1990s to 7.21 tonnes/ha in
2002/03. During the past two seasons unfavourable weather conditions slowed
down the gains in efficiency of the sugar sector. Nevertheless, the return of
normal climatic conditions may bring a full recovery and further growth in
agricultural and industrial yields. China has also shown a stable growth in sugar
yields: in 2002/03 they reached 7.30 tonnes/ha. The industry has expanded
cane areas too (from 1.187 mln ha in 1998/99 to 1.421 mln ha five seasons
later). Continuing economic growth of the country accompanied by growing
demand for sugar provides good incentives for further investment in the
industry with a focus on progress in technical efficiency, which remains modest,
for the time being.
The group of high yield produces includes two worlds largest producers (Brazil
and India) and a number of heavyweights, such as Guatemala, Mexico, South
Africa and the US. The combined sugar production of the group grew from an
average of 41.7 mln tonnes in the mid-1990s to 55.2 mln tonnes or 54% of
world output in the first years of the current decade. Of importance, increase
can be attributed more to the relentless expansion in cane areas, which have
increased by about 24% since the mid-1990s, rather than higher yields, which
grew only by 9%, from 7.77 to 8.44 tonnes/ha in 2000/01-2002/03.
MECAS(05)05
Box 1
Non-centrifugal sugar production
In the case of several sugar cane producers, the centrifugal sugar mills are not the only
outlet for sugar cane use, as a large proportion of cane goes to the production of noncentrifugal sugar. According to the FAO, non-centrifugal sugar is produced in 27 countries,
but its share in the total sugar production is particularly high in India (Indias case is
discussed Box 3), Bangladesh, Myanmar and Pakistan. The FAO provides statistics of the
total cane harvested areas, therefore for the purposes of this paper data on cane areas
for the calculations of sugar yields had to be cleared from the acreage under cane used for
non-centrifugal sugar production. Based on the FAO data on non-centrifugal sugar
production and data on the total sugar cane and sugar production the ratio of cane use for
centrifugal/non-centrifugal sugar production have been calculated. Using the ratio and
assuming that agricultural yields for cane used by sugar mills and those for cane used for
non-centrifugal sugar are identical, we have received the calculated harvested area under
cane used for the centrifugal sugar production. In the table below data on non-centrifugal
sugar production and share of centrifugal sugar in the total sugar output in three countries
in question are summarized:
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
Source: FAO
994
1000
1008
985
986
979
1034
1025
962
922
926
830
412
472
479
411
353
435
531
481
422
461
484
298
71
68
68
71
74
69
66
68
70
67
66
74
434
469
547
494
485
545
660
772
824
821
883
995
185
183
282
233
189
263
345
443
478
474
481
610
70
72
66
68
72
67
66
64
63
63
65
62
2100
2528
2604
3177
3263
2685
2601
3860
3850
2641
2717
3507
880
823
626
355
823
1027
852
430
670
740
432
600
share of
sugar (in
%)
noncentrifugal
centrifugal
share of
sugar (in
%)
noncentrifugal
centrifugal
share of
sugar (in
%)
noncentrifugal
centrifugal
Fig. 3 Centrifugal and non-centrifugal sugar production

in Bangladesh, Myanmar and Pakistan (in 1000mtrv)
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Pakistan
70
75
81
90
80
72
75
90
85
78
86
85
The group of very high yield producers unites 11 countries, including some of
the worlds leading exporters such as Australia and Colombia, responsible for
more than 60% of the groups total sugar production. Of interest, the rest of the
group (with an exception of Peru) is represented by African producers (Egypt,
Ethiopia, Malawi, Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe).
MECAS(05)05
Box 2
Brazil: Distribution of sugar cane for different uses
In the case of Brazil, sugar production is not the only outlet for sugar cane use as a large
proportion of cane goes to ethanol production. The ISO and FAO collect statistics of the
total cane harvested areas, therefore for the purposes of this paper the data on areas used
for the calculations of sugar yields had to be cleared from the acreage under cane used
for ethanol production. Currently the Brazilian fuel ethanol industry is comprised by 324
distilleries. These distilleries can be autonomous or annexed to sugar mills fermenting
ethanol from sugar cane juice, molasses or a mix of both (Gia Internacional do lcool.
ProCana, Brazil, 2004). Although it is technically not always feasible to identify the amount
of cane used solely for ethanol or sugar production, the ratio of cane processed into
ethanol and sugar can be calculated with the index of Total Reducing Sugar (TRS). Based
on TRS and reported total cane area and production, we have received the calculated
harvested cane area used for sugar production. The results are shown in the table below.
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
Fig. 4 Calculated area and cane use for sugar production

ratio in %
total area
total cane
Areas of
Production
in 1,000 ha
production
cane used
of cane
sugar
ethanol
in mln t
for sugar
processed
production into sugar
in 1,000
in mln t
ha
4,272
222.163
26.86
73.14
1,147
59,673
4,211
228.791
28.50
71.50
1,200
65,205
4,203
223.991
31.68
68.32
1,332
70,960
3,864
216.963
32.57
67.43
1,259
70,665
4,345
240.869
35.03
64.97
1,522
84,376
4,559
251.346
37.92
62.08
1,729
95,310
4,750
285.664
35.55
64.45
1,689
101,554
4,814
302.169
35.92
64.08
1,729
108,539
4,986
315.641
42.83
57.17
2,136
135,189
4,899
310.049
46.23
53.77
2,265
143,336
4,846
257.969
46.91
53.09
2,273
121,013
4,973
291.924
48.96
51.04
2,435
142,926
5,096
320.953
51.21
48.79
2,610
164,360
Source: FAO and Datagro
There is no identifiable trend of yield improvements in the cane sugar sectors of

the very high yield countries, which are currently responsible for 12% of world
cane sugar production. Although their sugar production reached in the first
years of the current decade 12.0 mln tonnes, raw value, 7% up from the mid1990s, the output growth is attributed mainly to the increases in cane areas
(10% up), while the industrial yields have even shown a small reduction (12.62
and 12.22 tonnes of sugar per hectare, respectively). The groups flat relative
efficiency can be attributed mainly to a series of weather-affected crops in the
groups leader, Australia. In a good season the groups high flyers received
more than 14 tonnes of sugar per hectare (Australia in 1994/95 and in 1996/971997/98, Malawi in 1992/93, Swaziland in 2002/03, Zambia in 1999/00, and
Zimbabwe from 1995/96 to 1997/98), while Colombia achieved sugar yields
higher than 15 tonnes/ha during 5 out of 12 years under review.
MECAS(05)05
Box 3
India: industrial sugar and artisan sweeteners
A special feature of the Indian sugar cane economy is the existence of two outlets for cane:
it can be processed into white sugar by sugar mills or into traditional sweeteners (khandsary
and gur), manufactured by a small scale cottage industry. The FAO provides statistics of the
total cane harvested areas, therefore for the purposes of this paper the data on area used
for the calculations of sugar yields had to be cleared from the acreage under cane used for
the open pan sugar production. Based on the industry figures of cane crushed by sugar mills
and the total sugar cane production the ratio of centrifugal/open pan sugar production cane
use have been calculated. Using the ratio and assuming that agricultural yields for cane used
by sugar mills and those for cane used for gur and khandsari are identical, we have received
the calculated harvested area under cane used for the industrial sugar production. The
results are shown in the table below.
Fig. 5 India - Cane Production and Harvested Cane Area
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03 est.
Total cane
production
(mln t)
Cane crushed
by sugar mills
(mln t)
Ratio of cane
use
Total cane
area
(mln ha)
253.995
228.033
229.659
275.540
281.099
277.560
279.542
288.722
299.324
295.956
300.096
282.000
133.950
103.008
98.338
147.643
174.726
130.379
129.049
156.790
178.449
176.648
180.300
194.325
0.537
0.452
0.428
0.536
0.620
0.470
0.462
0.543
0.596
0.597
0.601
0.689
4.112
3.930
3.851
4.228
4.147
4.049
3.930
4.055
4.220
4.316
4.403
4.230
Calculated area
under cane for
sugar mills
(mln ha)
2.208
1.776
1.648
2.266
2.574
1.903
1.946
1.972
2.292
2.573
2.628
2.541
Source: ISMA Handbook of sugar statistics, 2003.
The distribution of world cane sugar production between the groups is

illustrated in Fig. 6 and shows that nearly 70% of sugar output comes from
relatively efficient producers in terms of industrial yields. Their share has grown
significantly by the beginning of the current decade. These countries are
responsible for more than 80% of the world total growth in cane sugar
production. At the same time the importance of countries with low sugar yields,
which currently are responsible for less than 15% of world cane sugar
production, tends to shrink.
10
MECAS(05)05
Fig. 6 Distribution of world cane sugar output by producers

relative efficiency (in mln tonnes, raw value)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
low yields
B.
middle yields
2002/03
2001/02
2000/01
1999/00
1998/99
1997/98
1996/97
1995/96
1994/95
1993/94
1992/93
1991/92
high and very high yields
Sugar Beet
Sugar beet is limited exclusively to the temperate climatic zones, but is grown
over large areas in various parts of the world. In the 2002/03 crop year beet
was harvested from 4.734 mln ha in Europe, 0.604 mln ha in America, 0.594
mln ha in Asia and 0.128 mln ha in Africa. Currently beet is grown in 45
countries. By the end of the 1990s beet cultivation ceased in 4 countries
(Bosnia, Lebanon, Tunisia and Uruguay).
Fig. 7a Frequency distribution of sugar yields

(2000/01-2002/03) and producers grouping by
relative efficiency
world average=5.78t/ha
20
very high yields
high
yields
15
middle
yields
10
5
low yields
0
2
sugar yields in t/ha
11
10
11
12
13
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Similar to cane, different natural conditions and levels of development of

national agricultural and industrial sectors result in great variations in both
agricultural yields (beet production per harvested hectare) and sugar yields
(sugar production per harvested hectare) from country to country. Thus,
average beet yields during the first seasons in the current decade varied from
less than 20 tonnes of beet per hectare (Albania, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine) to more than 70 tonnes/ha in France
and Switzerland with a world average at 31 tonnes/ha. Industrial yields in the
beet sector during the same period of time varied from 1.49 tonnes of sugar,
raw sugar basis, per hectare (Kazakhstan) to more than 12 tonnes/ha (France),
while the world average was 5.78 tonnes/ha. Of interest, Fig. 7a shows a nonnormal frequency distribution of sugar yields in the beet sugar industry
worldwide.
Fig. 7 Beet crop developments, 1997/98-2002/03
1.2000
1998/98=1.00
1.1000
1.0000
0.9000
0.8000
1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03
Areas
Sugar yields
Beet production
Beet yields
Sugar production
During the period under the review the contraction of beet sugar production,
which started in the early 1990s with the collapse of the Soviet sugar industry,
continued. Fig. 7 shows a considerable decrease in areas under beet in the
second half of the 1990s. By the beginning of this decade beet area reduced to
an average of 6.168 mln ha, 21% down from the average for the mid-1990s.
Beet production has suffered smaller losses as reduced harvested areas were
compensated by rising sugar yields. At the beginning of the current decade beet
sugar yields increased by 19.0% from the average level of the mid-1990s,
resulting in a 4% only decrease in an average level of sugar production.
Similar to cane producers, we have grouped beet-producing countries into
categories based on the average sugar yields achieved in the in the early years
of the current decade as against the world weighted average (5.78 t/ha).
Countries with sugar yields about this benchmark (+/-1 t/ha) are included in the
middle yield group, which therefore consists of producers with yields over 5 but
12
MECAS(05)05
under 7 tonnes/ha. The group of low yield producers includes countries where
yields are below 5 tonnes of sugar per hectare. The high yield countries have
yields above 7 but less than 9 tonnes per hectare. Finally, the very high yield
group includes producers where yields are higher than 9 tonnes per hectare.
The composition of the groups is shown in Fig. 8.
In contrast to the general trend, sugar yields among the group of low yield
producers have not grown during the period under review. Average beet and
sugar yields are 70 to 80% lower than those of efficient producers and the gap
is growing. The general situation in the group is dominated by developments in
three major countries in the group, China, Russia and Ukraine. These three
producers are responsible for 66% of the groups total area and nearly 75% of
sugar output. Throughout the 1990s and the first years of the current decade
Russian and Ukrainian beet production was characterized by a bad state of
agricultural machinery, lack of high yield variety seeds, and lack of fertilizers and
pesticides, which decreased the stress and disease resistance of the crop. A
severe drop in beet areas further aggravated low efficiency in the growing and
processing sector. Looking at the future of crop yields in the FSU countries, it
can be noted that the climatic conditions (the length of the vegetation period
levels of rainfall, etc.) are much less favourable than in Western or Central
Europe. So, 55-60 tonnes of beet per hectare and 9-10 tonnes of sugar per
hectare may not be realistically achievable. Nevertheless, when Russian fields
are cultivated according to advanced technologies, beet yields do reach at least
30-35 tonnes/ha, while sugar yields can be as high as 5 to 6 tonnes/ha. The
two latest seasons (2003/04 and 2004/05) demonstrated certain improvements
that can be attributed to both a favourable weather and a better financial shape
of the sector, currently enjoining a high level of border protection. It remains to
be seen, however, whether the industry will manage to succeed in meeting the
challenges of raising productivity and lowering costs. In the case of China, both
the areas and sugar production have shown a decrease. In the 1990s the sugar
beet sector became just an auxiliary to the dynamic cane industry responsible at
present for more than 90% of the countrys sugar output. The beet sector is
forecast to contract further, as a result of a shift to more profitable alternative
crops in the beet growing provinces.
Fig. 8 Classification of beet producers by sugar yields
Low yields (lower than 5t/ha)
Albania
Belarus
Bulgaria
China
Croatia
Iran
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Pakistan
Romania
Russian Fed.
Syrian Arab Rep.
Serbia & Montenegro
Tunisia
Ukraine
Middle yields
(5 to 7 t/ha)
Czech Republic
Finland
Hungary
Italy
Macedonia
Morocco
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Turkey
13
High Yields
(7 to 9 t/ha)
Canada
Egypt, Arab
Greece
Ireland
Portugal
Sweden
U.S.A.
Very high yields

(higher than 9 t/ha)
Austria
Belgium
Chile
Denmark
France
Germany
Japan
Netherlands
Spain
Switzerland
UK
MECAS(05)05
At present the group is responsible for 17% of world beet sugar production
compared to 24% in the mid-1990s. Thus, its importance has fallen, reflecting a
considerable decrease in sugar production, on the one hand, and growing
output achieved in the countries with more efficient industries, on the other
hand.
The second group (middle yield producers) comprises Central and Southern
European countries, Turkey and Morocco. The group has demonstrated an
impressive growth in sugar yields. During the period under review they
increased on average by 23%. The growth can be mainly attributed to a
modernization of the industry in Central European countries with a massive
foreign investment on the eve of the EU eastward expansion. Future production
trends in the group mostly comprising the EU member-states (7 out of 10
countries in the group) will be shaped by the new sugar regime, presently under
discussion. A combination of higher efficiency, on one hand, and lower absolute
output levels due to the practically certain cuts in production quotas, on the
other hand, is anticipated. At present the group is responsible for about 20% of
the world beet sugar production and its share has remained relatively stable
since the mid-1990s.
Developments in the group of the high yield producers are dominated by the
situation in the groups leader, the USA, which is currently responsible for more
than 70% of sugar output of the group. Incentives for the US farmers to plant
sugar beet, provided by the US sugar programme, have placed sugar crops
among the most lucrative crops in the country. Not surprisingly, the US beet
sugar production grew to an average of 4.075 mln tonnes, raw value, in the first
seasons of the current decade, 9% up from the level of the mid-1990s. Of
importance, all the increase can be attributed to a better productivity, as beet
areas have remained practically unchanged. At present the group of high yields
producers accounts for about 15% of world beet sugar production as against
13% in the middle of the last decade.
Finally, the group of very high yield producers (eight EU producers, Switzerland,
Chile and Japan) exhibits stable growth in sugar yields, which has permitted it to
achieve higher sugar production despite a considerable drop in beet areas.
Thus, while beet area has been reduced to an average of 1.568 mln ha in the
first seasons of the current decade (10.5% down from the mid-1990s) sugar
yields have grown by 14% resulting in an improvement of average sugar output
from 16.1 mln tonnes, raw value, to 16.5 mln tonnes. The group includes most
efficient sugar producers of the EU and, as we have commented earlier, future
production trends will be decided by the shape of the new sugar regime to enter
into force next year. A sharp drop in the groups production and its share in
world total output is anticipated following an almost certain reductions in both
quotas and prices in the EU.
14
MECAS(05)05
The distribution of world beet sugar production between the groups (see fig. 9)
testifies that 60% of sugar output comes from efficient (high and very high
yield) producers, while countries with low sugar yields are currently responsible
for less than 20 % of world beet sugar production and their share keeps
diminishing.
Fig. 9 Distribution of world beet sugar output by producers relative
efficiency (in mln tonnes, raw value)
25
20
15
10
5
low yields
C.
middle yields
2002/03
2001/02
2000/01
1999/00
1998/99
1997/98
1996/97
1995/96
1994/95
1993/94
1992/93
1991/92
Sugar Yields: Cane v Beet
So far the developments in beet and cane sectors have been commented
separately. Now the performance of two sectors of the world sugar economy
can be compared. Generally, the period since the beginning of the 1990s has
been a time of an impressive growth in world sugar production, which increased
from 115.9 mln tonnes, raw value in 1991/92 to 148.0 mln tonnes in 2002/03.
Thus, sugar production grew annually by 2.3%, which is generally in line with
the average annual growth of the world agricultural production at 2.2% (source:
FAO Production Yearbook, 2003). As discussed earlier, in recent years cane and
beet sectors have developed under different scenarios. Cane sugar output
increased by 23%, from 81.9 mln tonnes averaged in the mid-1990s to 101.1
mln tonnes in the first years of the current decade. The growth in output can
be attributed to both extensive and intensive developments, but cane areas on
average have grown significantly faster than agricultural and industrial yields. In
contrast, during the period under review, beet sugar production declined by
about 4%. The key driver for this decline was a severe 21% drop in harvested
areas. Beet production has suffered, however, lower losses as smaller harvested
areas have been compensated by rising sugar yields. Different development
scenarios for cane and beet sectors come as little surprise bearing in mind
generally lower relative efficiency of beet sugar manufacturing in terms of
industrial yields as against sugar production from cane.
15
MECAS(05)05
It is important to note, however, that although the world average beet sugar
yields generally remain lower than cane sugar yields (6.03 and 7.39 tonnes per
hectare, respectively, in 2002/03) the gap has reduced since the mid-1990s. As
a result, if in the mid-1990s cane producers received on average 25% more
sugar from one harvested hectare compared to their beet competitors, in
2002/03 their advantage was reduced to 17%. It has to be stressed again that
the dynamic of industrial yields in itself cannot be considered as an optimal
indicator of the industrys efficiency. As already argued, high yields can be
misguiding, as sometimes they can only be achieved by means of expensive
agricultural inputs, costly investments in logistical infrastructure, irrigation, etc.
low yields
middle yields
2002/03
2001/02
2000/01
1999/00
1998/99
1997/98
1996/97
1995/96
1994/95
1993/94
1992/93
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1991/92
Fig. 10 Distribution of world sugar output by producers relative

efficiency (in mln tonnes, raw value)
The dynamics of the distribution of world sugar production by producers

relative efficiency (see Fig. 10) shows a stable growth in production in countries
with high and very high yields (in the first years of the new millennium their
share in world production has reached 68% after 64% in the mid-1990s).
Meanwhile the importance of countries with low sugar yields has decreased
significantly: the absolute volume of sugar produced in the low yield countries
has decreased by 14% from 24.2 to 20.9 mln tonnes and their share in global
output has gone down from 21% to 16%.
Fig. 11 illustrates the changing structure of world sugar production. The period
under review was characterized by a further reduction in generally less efficient
(as against cane sugar) beet production both in absolute and proportional
terms. It also shows a further decline in the importance of lower yield
producers, while the share of middle yield countries in world output has not
demonstrated any major change. Looking at the production dynamics of high
yield manufactures, there is a readable trend towards stagnation in the absolute
levels and reduction in the share of mature beet sugar industry, while the
16
MECAS(05)05
importance of efficient cane sugar producers has increased considerably. This

indicates a growing dominance of the efficient cane sugar manufacturers in the
world sugar economy.
Fig.11
Distribution of world production by producers relative efficiency

(in mln tonnes, raw value)
High yield producers

Cane
Beet
Middle yield producers
Cane
Beet
Low yield producers
Cane
Beet
WORLD
Cane
Beet
1993/94-96/97
72.368
51.296
21.072
17.149
15.302
1.848
24.239
15.327
8.912
113.755
81.925
31.831
1999/00-02/03
89.176
67.053
22.123
21.441
19.236
2.205
20.948
14.844
6.103
131.564
101.133
30.431
Changes
+16.808
+15.756
+1.052
+4.292
+3.935
+0.357
-3.291
-0.483
-2.808
+17.809
+19.209
-1.400
Another interesting aspect is the way the developments in the sugar crop yields
affect export performance. Fig. 12 and 13 illustrate important changes in the
structure of world sugar since the mid 1990s. In the last ten years growing
import demand for sugar has been covered by an increased export availability
from the efficient producers. Indeed, their net exports increased from 16.099
mln tonnes, raw value (the average for the period between 1994 and 1996), to
25.869 mln tonnes, raw value (the average for the period between 2001 and
2003), boosting their dominance over the world sugar market. At the same time
sugar exports from low yield producers decreased by nearly 2.5 mln tonnes and
their market share has collapsed from 21% in the mid-1990s to the current level
of less than 10%. Low yield beet producers have practically stopped exporting.
Examining the distribution of exports between beet and cane producers, a
tendency towards a gradual reduction of beet sugar exports can be noted.
Fig. 12
Distribution of world net exports by producers efficiency

High yield producers

Cane
Beet
Middle yield producers
Cane
Beet
Low yield producers
Cane
Beet
WORLD
Cane
Beet
1994-96
16.099
13.005
3.094
5.173
4.876
0.297
5.805
4.563
1.242
27.082
22.449
4.633
17
2001-03
25.869
22.652
3.217
6.444
5.718
0.726
3.349
3.320
0.029
35.671
31.699
3.972
Changes
+9.770
+9.647
+0.123
+1.271
+0.842
+0.429
-2.456
-1.243
-1.213
+8.589
+9.250
-0.661
MECAS(05)05
Fig. 13 Distribution of world net exports by
producers relative efficiency
2001-03
1994-96
10
20
mln mtrv
low yield producers

high yield producers
30
40
middle yield producers
World exports of sugar produced from beet reduced from 4.633 mln tonnes in
the mid 1990s to 3.972 mln tonnes at the beginning of the current decade.
PRICES PAID TO GROWERS
A.
Limitations imposed by data and methodology used
As mentioned in the introduction, this part of the survey is entirely based on the
FAO data, which are available in the FAOSTAT database. The use of borrowed
statistics creates some obvious disadvantages (a much better and accurate way
- although prohibitively expensive - would be a proper field study in line with
the engineering cost methodology described in MECAS(04)06 of 2 April 2004).
Indeed, there is no guarantee that all the price series are absolutely coherent
and compatible. The FAO warns that the term "price received by farmers" in the
present series refers to the national average prices of individual commodities
comprising all grades, kinds and varieties received by farmers when they
participate in their capacity as sellers of their own products at the farm gate or
first-point-of-sale. In actual practice it has been noted that (a) data might not
always refer to the same selling points depending on the prevailing institutional
set-up in the countries, (b) different practices prevail in regard to sale of
individual commodities, (c) methods of arriving at national averages also differ
from one country to another, and (d) as many countries do not collect producer
prices, unit values used in the compilation of national accounts aggregates have
been taken as the nearest approximation. In a few cases, countries supplied
wholesale prices. A comparison of data among countries therefore should be
considered with these limitations in mind.
Another group of limitations are those from a widely spread practice of revenue
sharing schemes and crops harvested from fields owned by the processing
sector. As a result, reported prices received by farmers for cane or beet may
differ considerably from the actual field costs. However, for the time being the
FAO statistics of prices paid to growers are the only available source of
18
MECAS(05)05
information on prices paid for sugar crops, the major component of sugar
production costs.
Finally, in order to make individual country series comparable to each other,
domestic prices in local currency have to be converted into a universally
recognizable equivalent. Moreover, an analysis of dynamics of prices in local
currencies is sometimes technically unfeasible when a countrys currency has
experienced a revalorisation (for example, Brazil, the worlds leading sugar
producer and exporter, changed currency twice in the period 1991-2002). As
most of the world quotes are fixed in US dollars/tonne or US cents/lb, we have
converted all domestic prices into US dollar basis. This permits an international
comparison of price for cane and beet in different parts of the world. It has to
be recognized that sometimes the dynamics of domestic prices expressed in US
dollar terms may be driven more by exchange rates rather than national sugar
markets (for a more detailed discussion see the ISO study Exchange rate
fluctuations and their impact on the world sugar market - MECAS(03)18).
Nevertheless, a comparative advantage of the method overwhelmingly exceeds
the inherent shortcoming.
A.
Sugar cane
In the present survey we use price series for 42 cane producing countries,
representing about 90% of world cane sugar production. As can be expected,
the collected data show a considerable price variation from country to country.
In 2002 alone the cane price was as high as USD163.01/tonne in Japan and as
low as USD8.10/tonne in Mozambique. Fig. 13a shows a frequency distribution
of cane prices paid to growers.
Fig 13a Frequency distribution of cane prices

(2000/01-2002/03)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
USD/tonne
The period under review was also characterized by significant changes in prices
from year to year. In some countries cane prices (expressed in US dollars) were
as volatile as world market quotations. An analysis of sugar cane markets of
19
MECAS(05)05
Fig.15 Dynamics of cane prices expressed in

USD in selected countries
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
1992=1.00
Fig. 14 Dynamics of cane prices expressed in

South Africa
Colombia
Australia
India
Brazil
Thailand
United States
In order to find major trends in prices

for cane globally, we have calculated
annual world weighted averages
1.75
(according to sugar production) of
1.50
1.25
cane prices. The resulting index shows
1.00
that after a period of growth in the
0.75
first half of the 1990s, when the world
0.50
average increased from
USD21.74/tonne in 1992 to
USD24.21/tonne in 1995, cane prices
Pakistan
Mexico
China
expressed in the US dollars tended to
decrease. The world weighted average price declined to less then USS20/tonne
in the first years of the current decade. Of interest, cane prices show a high
correlation to the world sugar market prices, as illustrated by fig. 17.
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
Fig. 16 Dynamics of cane prices expressed in

Fig.17
World av e rage cane price s (USD/tonne ) and ISA

p rice (USce nts/lb)
30
w orld c ane pric es
25
w orld pric es
20
15
Linear (w orld c ane

pric es)
10
5
Linear (w orld pric es )
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
0
19
92
1992=1.00
1992=1.00
individual countries as well as their driving forces is beyond the scope of the
present study but in order to illustrate the cane price volatility and differences in
price dynamics in individual countries one can take a look at price patterns in
the 10 largest cane producers only (as in 2003: Australia, Brazil, China,
Colombia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Thailand and the
US 3).
The FAO database does not provide prices for Cuba, therefore, the latter is not included into
20
MECAS(05)05
Fig. 18 Classification of cane producers by raw material costs

(average 2000-2002, world average=USD168/tonne)
higher costs (higher than USD168/t)
Mozambique (182)
Belize (187)
Peru (194)
Panama (196)
Kenya (198)
Argentina (205)
Mali (205)
Sudan (206)
Colombia (214)
Pakistan (216)
Indonesia (227)
China (239)
Dominican R. (239)
El Salvador (240)
Egypt (241)
United States (243)
Mexico (247)
Costa Rica (262)
Zimbabwe (278)
Paraguay (292)
Sri Lanka (301)
Venezuela (326)
Malawi (341)
Trinidad & T. (344)
Philippines (353)
Barbados (367)
Nepal (399)
Mauritius (426)
Jamaica (429)
Uruguay (452)
Japan (1479)
lower costs (lower than

USD168/t)
Brazil (69)
Australia (97)
Thailand (108)
Bangladesh (126)
Cote d'Ivoire (131)
Nicaragua (143)
Morocco (148)
India (159)
Bolivia (160)
Honduras (164)
South Africa (164)
The next step will be to analyse the cost of raw material for processors. The
cost will depend not only on the price of cane but also on agricultural and
industrial yields. Using data on cane prices, as well as cane and sugar
production, one can calculate how much the industry would pay to growers for
cane in order to produce one tonne of sugar. Similar to cane prices, costs vary
greatly from one country to another. In 2002 the cost of raw material varied
from USD59.13/tonne of sugar only (Brazil) to USD1433.66/tonne (Japan).
World weighted averages was USD171.74/tonne in 2002 as against
USD223.94/tonne in 1996.
Based on the cane costs, producers can be divided into two major categories: a
group of lower then average material cost and that of higher than average
material cost (see Fig. 18 4). Brazil is, not surprisingly, the world leader with the
cost of raw material nearly three times lower than the world average.
The dynamics of the distribution of world sugar production by raw material costs
(see Fig. 19) shows a significant growth in production among low raw material
cost producers. Thus, the groups total production by the beginning of the
current decade reached on average 59.5 mln tonnes, raw value, up 33% or 14.6
mln tonnes from the average level of production in the mid-1990s. Sugar output
in higher raw material cost producers has also grown albeit at a significantly
lower rate (by 21% or 5.8 mln tonnes). In the first years of the new millennium
the share of low cane cost producers in world production reached 58% as
against 55% in the mid-1990s.
the list of countries with an annual production exceeding 1 mln tonnes

4
The list of producers named in Fig.14 is not complete as it includes only the countries with
information available on cane prices, and a number of rather important players such as Cuba,
Guatemala, Swaziland, Tanzania and Zambia are omitted.
21
MECAS(05)05
Fig. 19 Distribution of world cane sugar output by producers cane cost

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
lower cane cost producers
B.
2002/03
2001/02
2000/01
1999/00
1998/99
1997/98
1996/97
1995/96
1994/95
1993/94
1992/93
1991/92
higher cane cost producers
Sugar beet
In the present survey price series for 33 sugar beet producing countries, from
1993 to 2002 5 are used. The countries under review represent more than 90%
of world beet sugar production. Similar to cane prices, there is a considerable
price variation from country to country. In 2002 alone, beet price was as high as
USD144.9/tonne in Japan and as low as USD18.64/tonne in Kazakhstan.
Fig.20 World average beet prices and LDP for white sugar
(1993=1.00)
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
beet prices
world prices
Linear (world prices)
Linear (beet prices)
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Economies in transition of Eastern Europe and the FSU form an important part of the world
beet sugar economy. The first years of the transition were characterized by extremely unstable
local currencies as against the US dollar, which makes a direct comparison of annual prices at
the beginning of the 1990s difficult. In order to avoid this hurdle years prior 1993 are excluded
from our analysis.
22
MECAS(05)05
In terms of world weighted averages, prices for beet show a statistically

significant downward trend. Beet prices expressed in the US dollars decreased
from USD47.80/tonne in the mid-1990s to an average of USD38.06/tonne in the
early years of the current decade. Not surprisingly, in contrast to cane prices,
beet prices show a low correlation to the world sugar market prices, as
illustrated by fig. 20.
Studying the costs of raw material for sugar beet factories one can find that
although costs vary greatly from country to country, the magnitude of variation
is significantly smaller than that for cane costs. In 2002 costs of raw material
varied from USD121.23/tonne of sugar only (Croatia) to USD760.78/tonne
(Japan), while the world weighted averages was USD267.68/tonne.
As in the case of cane producers, we have grouped beet producers into two
major categories: group of lower than average material cost and that of higher
than average material cost (see fig. 21).
Fig. 21 Classification of beet producers by raw material costs
(average 2000-2002, world average=USD254/tonne)
low costs ( lower than USD254/tonne)
Poland (161)
Belgium (223)
Slovakia (165)
Sweden (223)
Slovenia (168)
Morocco (231)
Egypt (176)
Romania (238)
Czech Republic (182)
Latvia (248)
Hungary (194)
Denmark (249)
Russia (208)
France (210)
Germany (214)
higher costs ( higher

Kazakhstan (255)
Canada (256)
Netherland (257)
Turkey (259)
Austria (259)
Croatia (268)
Lithuania (281)
UK (290)
Spain (291)
than USD254/tonne)
Ireland (296)
Italy (306)
Portugal (318)
Chile (331)
Greece (410)
China (414)
Switzerland (451)
Japan (801)
In contrast to the situation in the cane sector, the beet sector in general is well
insulated from the world market. The dynamics of the distribution of world beet
sugar production by raw material costs (see Fig. 22) show that output in both
higher and lower material cost producers have remained relatively stable since
the beginning of the 1990s.
C.
Crop Prices and Costs of Raw Material: Cane v Beet
Prices paid to growers for cane and beet delivered to sugar mills/factories for
processing and, hence, costs of raw material for the industry have shown a
considerable decline since the mid-1990s. Thus, world averages for both cane
and beet prices in US dollar terms are now about 20% lower then in the middle
of the previous decade.
23
MECAS(05)05
Fig. 22 Distribution of world beet sugar output by producers beet cost

25
20
15
10
5
lower beet cost producers
2002/03
2001/02
2000/01
1999/00
1998/99
1997/98
1996/97
1995/96
1994/95
1993/94
higher beet cost producers
During the period under review, cane prices in terms of world averages have
remained nearly 50% lower than those for beet. Due to the differences in
agricultural and industrial yield, however, a direct comparison between cane and
beet prices may be misleading. A much clearer picture is provided by use of raw
material costs, i.e. the expenses of the processing industry on cane or beet
purchases necessary to produce one tonne of sugar. In terms of world
averages, in 2002 cane costs were USD172/tonne as against beet costs at
USD268/tonne. In other words, costs of raw material for cane millers are 36%
lower that those for their colleagues in the beet sugar sector. Also of
importance, the gap has been growing: in the mid-1990s the cane price
advantage was 31%.
Fig. 23
Beet prices
Beet costs
Cane prices
Cane costs
Dynamics of sugar crop prices and raw material costs

(world averages, in USD/tonne)
1993
50
319
22
188
1994
45
291
23
206
1995
45
297
24
227
1996
53
360
23
224
1997
53
349
23
210
1998
45
298
22
200
1999
45
294
18
164
2000
40
263
18
162
2001
37
232
19
169
2002
38
268
20
172
Conclusions
The period under review is characterized by a further reduction in less efficient
(as against cane sugar) beet production in both absolute and proportional
terms, while the importance of the efficient cane sugar producers has increased
considerably. This indicates a growing dominance of the efficient cane sugar
manufacturers in the world sugar economy. In 1999 a review of the
developments in sugar crop yields in the 1990s (see MECAS(99)18) led to
several interesting observations. That time it was concluded that, generally
speaking, in spite of distortions imposed by national sugar regimes and
protectionist policies, the world sugar economy developed in accordance with
economic theory. Both production and exports were increasingly concentrating
in the countries where sugar industries were more efficient in terms of sugar
24
MECAS(05)05
yields. The current survey shows that six years later our conclusion is
underpinned and remained valid.
In the case of the cane processing industry, nearly 70% of sugar output comes
from relatively high yield producers and their share has grown significantly by
the beginning of the current decade. These countries have contributed more
than 80% of the world total growth in cane sugar production. At the same time,
the importance of countries with low sugar yields, which currently are
responsible for less than 15% of world cane sugar production, tends to shrink.
During the period under review the world cane sugar industry has continued its
expansion. This growth can be attributed to both extensive and intensive
developments. However, it has to be noted that cane areas tended to increase
faster than sugar yields.
The contraction of beet sugar production, which started in the early 1990s with
the collapse of the Soviet sugar industry, has continued. Areas under beet are
currently more than 20% down from the average for the mid-1990s. However,
beet production has suffered lower losses, as smaller harvested areas have been
compensated by rising sugar yields. 60% of beet sugar output comes from
relatively high sugar yield producers while the share of countries with low sugar
yields keeps diminishing.
The study has also analysed the impact of developments in the sugar crop yields
on export performance. In the past ten years the growing import demand for
sugar has been covered by an increased export availability from the efficient
cane producers. Low yield beet producers have practically stopped exporting. A
general tendency towards a gradual reduction of beet sugar exports can be
noted, which is not surprising bearing in mind lower overall efficiency of beet
sector as against cane sugar manufacturing.
Based on the FAO data, the ISO provides a statistical series of prices paid to
growers of sugar cane and beet in individual countries as well as world
averages. Prices paid to the growers for sugar cane and beet delivered to sugar
mills/factories for processing and, hence, costs of raw material for the industry
have shown a considerable decline since the mid-1990s. Cane prices in terms of
world averages have remained about 50% lower than those for beet. Costs of
raw material (the expenses of the processing industry on cane purchases
necessary to produce one tonne of sugar) for cane millers are nearly 40% lower
that those of their colleagues in the beet sugar sector. Also of importance, the
gap has been growing: in the mid-1990s the cane price advantage was less than
30%.
25
MECAS(05)05
STATISTICAL APPENDIX
Table 1 Sugar Cane Harvested Area (in 1000 ha)
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
NORTH AMERICA
U.S.A.
384
379
377
CENTRAL AMERICA
Barbados
9
9
9
Belize
23
22
22
Costa Rica
35
36
36
Cuba
1350
1300
1300
Dominican Rep.
218
234
207
El Salvador
42
52
49
Guatemala
125
128
132
Haiti
30
30
30
Honduras
42
43
43
Jamaica
42
40
39
Mexico
477
510
492
Nicaragua
36
39
36
Panama
31
33
34
St.Christopher-Nevis
4
4
3
Trinidad & Tobago
24
24
23
SOUTH AMERICA
Argentina
280
260
240
Bolivia
80
77
80
Brazil
1200
1332
1259
Colombia
117
120
117
Ecuador
89
93
100
Guyana
40
42
42
Paraguay
70
56
60
Peru
53
48
48
Suriname
2
2
2
Uruguay
10
10
6
Venezuela
105
118
108
ASIA
Bangladesh
46
57
54
China
1170
1050
900
China (Taiwan)
58
57
56
India
2208
1776
1648
Indonesia
385
404
421
Iran
26
26
28
Japan
30
28
26
Malaysia
20
20
20
Myanmar
18
30
61
Nepal
33
37
38
Pakistan
616
663
780
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
Campaign
357
354
336
348
359
381
395
393
393
7
22
38
1300
219
48
150
30
42
40
514
43
35
3
24
7
23
38
1408
219
46
165
30
42
41
577
44
36
3
24
8
24
46
1245
210
53
170
28
43
40
583
51
35
4
24
9
24
46
1246
195
64
180
17
44
35
633
53
40
4
25
9
24
46
1049
118
66
180
17
38
38
636
54
36
4
25
8
24
47
996
119
60
180
17
44
38
611
56
34
4
26
8
23
48
1041
128
63
180
17
47
36
603
51
25
4
21
8
24
47
1007
133
66
185
17
48
34
609
41
28
4
25
8
27
49
1041
129
66
187
18
46
31
606
41
28
4
19
January-June
December-July
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-May
December-June
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-June
December-June
January-May
January-May
January-May
239
81
1522
127
106
44
56
51
2
6
113
295
86
1729
156
106
45
57
55
2
5
109
297
91
1689
171
106
46
56
63
2
4
104
260
87
1729
163
90
46
58
52
2
4
104
241
86
2136
167
110
44
58
58
2
3
131
239
87
2265
187
67
48
61
64
2
3
127
243
84
2273
175
77
47
59
60
3
3
128
241
86
2435
167
78
46
60
68
3
3
138
242
102
2610
172
65
49
67
78
3
3
128
May-December
May-November
June-March
January-December
June-December
January-December
July-December
January-December
September-August
July-December
January-December
68
810
54
2266
429
26
25
24
50
38
908
53
950
49
2574
421
26
24
24
63
44
770
37
1244
47
1903
386
25
24
24
82
45
694
45
1108
45
1946
378
28
23
24
103
46
852
40
1187
41
1972
405
30
22
24
123
48
1040
60
1042
39
2292
391
30
23
21
125
54
859
74
1188
32
2573
366
37
23
21
133
58
749
88
1289
28
2628
386
43
23
21
158
59
860
80
1421
23
2541
350
50
24
21
165
59
935
November-April
January-December
November-April
November-June
January-December
October-April
December-April
January-December
November-June
July-June
October-May
26
October-April
MECAS(05)05
Table 1 Sugar Cane Harvested Area (in 1000 ha) - continued
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
Philippines
371
376
381
375
Sri Lanka
21
25
24
24
Thailand
969
1003
1018
1005
Vietnam, S.R.
144
147
143
167
AFRICA
Angola
15
15
12
12
Burkina Faso
4
4
4
4
Burundi
2
2
2
2
Cameroon, Un. Rep.
65
65
50
50
Chad
3
4
4
3
Congo
8
5
6
6
Cote d'Ivoire
25
25
25
20
Egypt, Arab Rep.
112
93
96
106
Ethiopia
15
15
14
16
Gabon
6
6
6
6
Guinea
5
5
5
4
Kenya
48
52
57
49
Madagascar
17
19
15
17
Malawi
18
14
13
18
Mali
5
5
5
4
Mauritius
73
74
73
72
Morocco
15
15
15
15
Mozambique
20
23
5
7
Nigeria
20
20
20
19
Rwanda
1
1
1
1
Senegal
7
8
8
8
Sierra Leone
1
1
1
1
Somalia
7
7
6
6
South Africa
280
268
270
284
Sudan
67
65
63
61
Swaziland
37
37
38
39
Tanzania, U.R.
20
22
22
21
Uganda
45
45
45
45
Zaire
30
30
30
30
Zambia
12
12
12
13
Zimbabwe
35
35
35
39
OCEANIA
Australia
341
339
340
365
Fiji
73
73
74
74
Papua N. Guinea
7
7
7
7
WORLD CANE*
12426
12090
11794
12828
* individual crop years aggregated
1995/96
368
23
1044
225
1996/97
376
25
942
237
1997/98
365
18
920
251
1998/99
361
19
942
283
1999/00
363
18
899
344
2000/01
364
18
928
302
2001/02
367
18
966
291
2002/03
384
17
1083
320
Campaign
September-August
March-October
November-May
October-May
9
4
2
50
3
5
18
107
15
3
4
39
19
18
4
72
14
7
22
1
8
1
6
273
64
39
22
50
31
14
34
8
4
2
50
4
7
19
103
16
3
4
44
19
18
4
73
14
22
20
1
8
1
6
300
63
39
15
55
31
14
40
8
4
2
50
4
7
19
99
21
3
4
50
17
17
4
74
18
24
19
1
8
1
6
297
69
39
14
55
35
15
42
9
4
3
50
3
7
19
97
22
3
4
52
15
19
4
74
17
25
19
1
8
1
6
316
64
41
17
55
35
16
42
9
4
3
50
4
8
17
106
23
4
5
57
10
19
4
72
18
25
24
0
8
1
7
316
64
43
19
60
36
15
42
0
4
3
50
4
8
19
111
24
4
5
48
12
18
4
73
14
25
23
0
8
1
7
321
64
44
19
60
36
19
42
0
5
3
50
4
10
19
104
24
4
5
54
10
18
4
73
14
24
0
0
8
1
7
322
66
44
20
60
36
19
42
0
4
3
50
4
12
19
105
24
4
5
50
10
20
5
72
13
28
0
0
8
1
7
325
66
45
24
60
37
17
42
June-October
June-May
June-October
November-May
December-Nov
June-October
November-April
December-June
November-June
June-October
November-April
June-July
May-December
April-December
October-April
July-December
May-August
May-December
November-May
June-July
November-May
May-April
June-May
May-December
November-April
May-December
July-June
January-December
June-December
May-November
April-December
383
74
7
13696
401
74
8
13027
403
73
7
13120
420
57
8
13698
414
65
8
13794
419
67
8
14139
411
66
7
14592
417
65
7
15073
27
July-June
May-December
May-November
MECAS(05)05
Table 2
Sugar Cane Production (in 1000 metric tonnes)

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
NORTH AMERICA
U.S.A.
27945
28214
28058
26675
CENTRAL AMERICA
Barbados
525
528
441
405
Belize
975
973
1043
968
Costa Rica
2629
2840
2987
3200
Cuba
62000
47150
46000
39000
Dominican Rep.
6845
6857
7368
6258
El Salvador
3600
3422
3233
3138
Guatemala
10258
10373
10696
12736
Haiti
1500
1429
1400
1300
Honduras
2730
2805
2968
3078
Jamaica
2732
2661
2450
2294
Mexico
35476
39765
34098
40124
Nicaragua
2747
2563
2593
3198
Panama
1100
1150
1150
1270
200
280
218
180
Trinidad & Tobago
1301
1292
1211
1398
SOUTH AMERICA
Argentina
19000
18500
17000
15000
Bolivia
3408
3954
3368
3899
Brazil
65205
70960
70665
84376
Colombia
14092
14975
15877
16873
Ecuador
6900
6900
7000
6800
Guyana
2330
3130
3222
3199
Paraguay
3500
2788
3000
2799
Peru
5792
4741
4343
5430
Suriname
85
84
85
85
Uruguay
545
350
350
300
Venezuela
6519
7116
6522
6880
ASIA
Bangladesh
2350
2250
2700
3484
China
67300
60000
53000
42000
China (Taiwan)
5387
4285
5025
4417
India
133950
102971
98052
147598
Indonesia
28133
32008
33083
23834
Iran
1374
1715
1850
1857
Japan
1894
1779
1640
1602
Malaysia
1024
1125
1137
1541
Myanmar
873
1517
2676
2219
Nepal
1106
1291
1366
1431
Pakistan
23943
28544
35986
42451
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
26433
28622
27219
29704
30461
31109
29733
30757
October-April
339
1111
3450
57484
5442
3095
12852
1200
3139
2624
40185
3450
1212
183
1326
510
1152
3460
33186
6131
3987
13770
1200
3237
2413
42171
3546
1367
207
1455
571
1178
3550
35833
6498
4980
17668
1100
3637
2260
47353
3843
1602
310
1425
449
1181
3550
31818
4452
4557
17000
1000
2444
2312
43590
3452
1955
244
1256
522
1116
3600
34000
4511
5062
17013
1000
3396
2025
42101
3680
1971
197
1373
538
1040
3472
36400
4831
5093
16552
800
3453
2231
44479
3517
1586
191
1029
450
1169
3462
32100
5152
4932
16935
1008
3481
1965
42904
3138
1765
191
1339
418
1073
3959
34700
5019
4924
17490
1010
3138
1776
43948
3113
1750
193
905
January-June
December-July
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-May
December-June
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-June
December-June
January-May
January-May
January-May
17700
4269
95310
17369
6750
2956
2576
6325
85
247
6147
17600
3928
101554
17535
6700
3222
2736
6119
85
160
6424
17000
3446
108539
17274
5000
3074
2795
6930
90
208
6429
16690
3502
135189
19405
7000
2966
2800
5701
90
167
8111
16000
3696
143336
19780
5562
3596
2872
7750
120
134
8501
14985
3601
121013
18007
5402
3014
2245
7386
120
150
8832
15151
3859
142926
20379
5654
3142
2396
7830
120
177
8863
14741
4735
164360
21574
5670
3671
3210
8800
120
188
8526
May-December
May-November
June-March
January-December
June-December
January-December
July-December
January-December
September-August
July-December
January-December
2393
50000
3981
174169
28899
1833
1622
1601
3199
1469
36183
1764
51500
3690
130379
29486
2059
1284
1600
3979
1569
30239
2122
83012
3500
129049
27764
1970
1445
1600
5137
1629
39335
2000
87204
3091
156790
27954
2236
1666
1600
5429
1718
49672
2500
78108
2751
178449
23500
2367
1571
1600
5449
1982
35700
3000
69199
2044
176648
23900
3195
1395
1600
5894
2103
34000
3000
77966
1851
180300
25185
3712
1499
1600
6432
2212
41358
2600
92202
1619
194325
25530
5500
1328
1500
7500
2212
44242
November-April
January-December
November-April
November-June
January-December
October-April
December-April
January-December
November-June
July-June
October-May
28
Campaign
MECAS(05)05
Table 2
Sugar Cane Production (in 1000 metric tonnes) 1991/92

1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
Philippines
23614
23968
22753
18505
Sri Lanka
851
731
780
1529
Thailand
47504
34711
37569
50459
Vietnam, S.R.
6131
6414
6083
7550
AFRICA
Angola
335
270
220
220
Burkina Faso
400
400
400
411
Burundi
140
160
148
128
Cameroon, Un. Rep.
1300
1350
1350
1350
Chad
283
294
400
308
Congo
390
400
400
340
Cote d'Ivoire
0
0
0
0
Egypt, Arab Rep.
10550
8444
9017
9889
Ethiopia
1530
1600
1450
1200
Gabon
110
110
111
210
Guinea
225
225
225
220
Kenya
3632
3846
3569
3826
Madagascar
949
949
708
855
Malawi
1900
1640
1131
1658
Mali
309
305
311
304
Mauritius
5621
5402
4813
5159
Morocco
1025
994
946
925
Mozambique
280
330
234
313
Nigeria
1250
896
905
900
Rwanda
45
52
54
40
Senegal
808
837
850
856
Sierra Leone
70
45
70
70
Somalia
290
280
200
200
South Africa
20078
12955
11244
15683
Sudan
4520
4497
4126
4282
Swaziland
3842
3941
3884
3647
Tanzania, U.R.
1420
1337
1402
1216
Uganda
845
960
950
1080
Zaire
1699
1400
1350
1350
Zambia
1240
1432
1355
1453
Zimbabwe
2797
114
587
4245
OCEANIA
Australia
21366
29460
32011
34943
Fiji
3380
3533
3704
4064
Papua N. Guinea
340
340
416
427
WORLD CANE*
726068
675286
665990
739151
1995/96
22907
1273
57693
10711
1996/97
21901
1448
56243
11372
1997/98
20506
1382
42201
11921
1998/99
21717
946
50060
13844
1999/00
19571
1021
53130
17760
2000/01
21211
1066
48650
15044
2001/02
21160
1006
59490
14657
2002/03
23677
999
74072
17120
Campaign
September-August
March-October
November-May
October-May
330
400
138
1350
315
440
1212
9622
1200
172
220
3870
948
1802
264
5260
1031
316
636
10
883
21
200
16714
4742
3798
1394
1150
1707
1510
2809
290
400
97
1350
330
460
1260
9404
1600
173
220
4257
945
1785
293
5787
899
280
615
10
885
21
210
20951
4663
3440
1255
1450
1300
1664
4641
290
400
77
1350
330
480
1084
8946
1699
182
220
4661
850
1601
303
5781
745
370
620
20
885
21
180
22156
5119
3660
1460
1600
1726
1622
4756
330
400
191
1350
280
395
1399
8887
2093
191
240
4416
800
1794
291
5781
1372
370
620
30
887
21
190
22930
6242
3887
1268
1550
1731
1231
4624
340
400
175
1350
330
448
1626
10017
2177
152
270
3464
702
1703
313
3883
1436
750
682
0
889
21
210
21223
6437
4323
1255
1600
1700
1003
4387
340
420
200
1350
350
517
1155
10143
2228
236
270
3045
730
1700
285
5110
1115
1000
695
0
850
24
210
23876
6737
4442
1333
1600
1669
1124
4232
360
450
200
1400
355
547
1155
9655
2232
235
270
3818
536
2000
333
5792
938
1586
0
0
890
24
220
21157
6922
4179
1523
1600
1560
1088
4634
360
420
176
1400
355
575
1045
10008
2235
235
277
3491
700
1900
370
4874
897
2110
0
0
890
24
220
23013
7221
4609
1834
1600
1911
1265
4065
June-October
June-May
June-October
November-May
December-Nov
June-October
November-April
December-June
November-June
June-October
November-April
June-July
May-December
April-December
October-April
July-December
May-August
May-December
November-May
June-July
November-May
May-April
June-May
May-December
November-April
May-December
July-June
January-December
June-December
May-November
April-December
37438
4110
390
823531
39938
4380
397
772734
40932
3280
395
815411
37070
2098
519
887179
38165
3958
433
899470
31228
3786
454
856743
32260
3423
521
907378
37968
3077
496
997253
29
July-June
May-December
May-November
MECAS(05)05
Table 3
Sugar Cane Yields (in tonnes per hectare)

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
NORTH AMERICA
U.S.A.
72.81
74.42
74.37
74.76
CENTRAL AMERICA
Barbados
58.33
57.22
50.81
56.37
Belize
42.39
44.23
47.41
44.00
Costa Rica
75.11
78.89
82.97
84.21
Cuba
45.93
36.27
35.38
30.00
Dominican Rep.
31.42
29.31
35.53
28.55
El Salvador
85.71
66.06
65.74
65.81
Guatemala
82.06
81.04
81.03
84.91
Haiti
50.00
47.63
46.67
43.33
Honduras
65.00
65.23
69.02
73.29
Jamaica
65.05
66.42
62.58
57.97
Mexico
74.34
78.02
69.32
77.99
Nicaragua
76.31
65.72
72.03
74.37
Panama
35.48
34.85
33.82
36.29
50.00
70.00
72.67
60.00
Trinidad & Tobago
54.20
53.85
52.64
58.24
SOUTH AMERICA
Argentina
67.86
71.15
70.83
62.76
Bolivia
42.73
51.35
42.10
48.14
Brazil
54.34
53.27
56.13
55.44
Colombia
120.44
124.79
135.70
132.86
Ecuador
77.94
74.23
70.13
64.39
Guyana
58.25
74.52
77.24
71.91
Paraguay
50.00
49.79
50.00
49.98
Peru
109.28
98.77
90.47
106.46
Suriname
42.50
42.00
42.50
42.50
Uruguay
54.50
35.00
58.33
50.00
Venezuela
62.09
60.31
60.39
60.88
ASIA
Bangladesh
51.09
39.47
50.00
51.24
China
57.52
57.14
58.89
51.85
China (Taiwan)
92.86
74.64
89.06
81.21
India
60.66
57.97
59.49
65.13
Indonesia
73.07
79.23
78.58
55.56
Iran
52.85
65.96
66.07
71.42
Japan
62.92
64.22
63.32
64.60
Malaysia
51.20
56.25
56.85
65.57
Myanmar
48.50
50.57
43.87
44.38
Nepal
33.52
34.89
35.95
37.66
Pakistan
38.88
43.02
46.14
46.75
Philippines
63.70
63.71
59.69
49.40
Sri Lanka
40.52
29.24
32.50
63.71
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
74.67
85.26
78.18
82.63
79.95
78.70
75.72
78.20
October-April
48.73
48.30
90.79
40.83
24.85
67.08
77.89
40.00
74.74
64.47
69.63
78.41
33.66
61.00
55.27
61.10
48.00
75.22
26.66
29.20
74.85
81.00
42.86
75.28
59.69
72.37
69.53
39.05
51.75
60.63
63.86
49.08
77.17
28.76
33.32
77.81
98.16
64.71
82.66
63.84
74.87
72.51
40.05
77.50
57.00
49.86
49.21
77.17
30.33
37.73
69.05
94.44
58.82
64.32
61.65
68.54
63.93
54.31
61.00
50.24
65.25
46.50
76.60
34.14
37.91
84.37
94.52
58.82
77.18
53.29
68.91
65.71
57.97
49.25
52.81
67.25
45.22
72.33
34.97
37.74
80.84
91.96
47.06
73.47
61.97
73.76
68.96
63.44
47.75
49.00
56.25
48.71
73.66
31.88
38.74
74.73
91.54
59.29
72.52
57.79
70.45
76.54
63.04
47.75
53.56
52.25
39.74
80.80
33.33
38.91
74.61
93.53
56.11
68.22
57.29
72.52
75.93
62.50
48.25
47.63
January-June
December-July
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-May
December-June
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-June
December-June
January-May
January-May
January-May
60.00
49.64
55.12
111.34
63.55
65.85
45.19
115.01
42.50
49.40
56.39
59.26
43.16
60.13
102.54
63.21
70.68
48.86
97.13
42.50
40.00
61.77
65.38
39.61
62.78
105.98
55.56
66.32
48.19
133.28
45.00
52.00
61.82
69.25
40.72
63.29
116.20
63.64
67.01
48.28
98.29
45.00
49.12
61.92
66.95
42.48
63.28
105.78
83.12
74.92
47.08
121.09
60.00
44.67
66.94
61.67
42.87
53.24
102.90
69.82
64.13
38.05
123.10
40.00
50.00
69.00
62.87
44.87
58.70
122.03
72.44
68.30
39.93
115.15
40.00
59.00
64.22
60.91
46.42
62.97
125.43
87.21
74.92
47.91
112.82
40.00
62.67
66.61
May-December
May-November
June-March
January-December
June-December
January-December
July-December
January-December
September-August
July-December
January-December
45.15
52.63
81.84
67.65
68.64
70.50
67.30
68.13
50.78
33.39
46.96
62.26
55.35
47.68
41.40
78.51
68.51
76.45
82.36
53.95
68.09
48.52
34.87
43.54
58.23
57.92
47.16
74.92
77.78
66.32
73.45
70.36
64.22
68.09
49.87
35.41
46.18
56.17
76.78
50.00
73.47
75.39
79.51
69.02
74.53
75.73
68.09
44.14
35.79
47.78
60.16
49.80
41.67
74.96
70.54
77.86
60.10
78.90
68.30
76.19
43.59
36.70
41.58
53.91
56.72
40.54
58.25
63.88
68.65
65.30
86.35
60.65
76.19
44.32
36.26
45.41
58.27
59.22
34.09
60.49
66.11
68.61
65.25
86.33
65.17
76.19
40.71
37.49
48.09
57.66
55.89
32.50
64.89
70.39
76.48
72.94
110.00
55.33
71.43
45.45
37.49
47.32
61.66
58.76
November-April
January-December
November-April
November-June
January-December
October-April
December-April
January-December
November-June
July-June
October-May
September-August
March-October
30
Campaign
MECAS(05)05
Table 3
Sugar Cane Yields (in tonnes per hectare) - continued

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
Thailand
49.02
34.61
36.90
50.21
55.26
Vietnam, S.R.
42.55
43.78
42.48
45.32
47.65
AFRICA
Angola
22.33
18.00
18.33
18.33
36.67
Burkina Faso
100.00
100.00
100.00
102.75
100.00
Burundi
70.00
80.00
74.00
64.00
69.00
Cameroon, Un. Rep.
20.00
20.77
27.00
27.00
27.00
Chad
83.24
84.00
100.00
102.67
105.00
Congo
50.89
78.28
63.46
54.99
81.00
Cote d'Ivoire
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
67.33
Egypt, Arab Rep.
94.20
90.80
93.93
93.29
89.93
Ethiopia
102.00
106.67
103.57
75.00
80.00
Gabon
18.33
18.33
18.50
35.00
57.33
Guinea
45.00
45.00
45.00
55.00
55.00
Kenya
75.67
73.96
62.61
78.08
99.23
Madagascar
55.00
50.00
47.01
49.99
50.00
Malawi
105.56
114.69
89.06
94.74
101.81
Mali
61.80
61.00
62.20
76.00
66.00
Mauritius
77.00
73.00
65.93
71.65
73.06
Morocco
68.33
66.27
63.07
61.67
73.64
Mozambique
14.00
14.35
46.80
44.71
45.14
Nigeria
62.50
44.80
45.25
47.37
28.91
Rwanda
90.00
104.00
108.00
80.00
20.00
Senegal
115.43
104.63
106.25
107.00
110.38
Sierra Leone
140.00
90.00
140.00
140.00
42.00
Somalia
41.43
40.00
33.33
33.33
33.33
South Africa
71.71
48.34
41.64
55.22
61.22
Sudan
67.46
69.18
65.49
70.20
74.09
Swaziland
102.48
105.42
103.28
94.73
98.16
Tanzania, U.R.
71.00
59.93
62.87
58.20
63.36
Uganda
18.78
21.33
21.11
24.00
23.00
Zaire
56.63
46.67
45.00
45.00
55.06
Zambia
103.33
119.33
112.92
111.77
107.86
Zimbabwe
79.91
3.26
16.77
108.85
82.62
OCEANIA
Australia
62.66
86.90
94.15
95.73
97.75
Fiji
46.30
48.63
50.13
54.63
55.56
Papua N. Guinea
48.57
49.71
62.33
62.57
58.34
WORLD CANE*
58.43
55.85
56.47
57.62
60.13
1996/97
59.71
47.98
1997/98
45.87
47.49
1998/99
53.14
48.92
1999/00
59.10
51.63
2000/01
52.42
49.81
2001/02
61.58
50.37
2002/03
68.40
53.50
36.25
100.00
48.50
27.00
82.50
68.35
66.32
91.30
100.00
57.67
55.00
96.75
49.74
99.72
73.25
79.27
64.21
12.73
30.75
20.00
110.63
42.00
35.00
69.84
74.02
88.86
83.65
26.36
41.94
118.86
116.03
36.25
100.00
38.50
27.00
94.29
65.93
57.05
90.55
80.90
60.67
55.00
93.22
50.00
92.01
75.75
78.12
41.39
15.42
32.63
40.00
110.63
42.00
30.00
74.60
74.19
94.19
104.29
29.09
49.31
108.13
113.24
36.67
100.00
63.67
27.00
93.33
56.43
73.63
91.62
95.14
63.67
60.00
84.92
53.33
94.42
72.75
78.12
80.71
14.80
32.63
60.00
110.88
42.00
31.67
72.56
97.53
94.80
74.59
28.18
49.46
76.94
110.10
37.78
100.00
58.33
27.00
82.50
56.00
95.65
94.50
94.65
38.00
54.00
60.77
70.20
89.63
78.25
53.93
79.78
30.00
28.42
0
111.13
21.00
30.00
67.16
100.58
100.53
66.05
26.67
47.22
66.87
104.45
0
105.00
66.67
27.00
87.50
64.63
60.79
91.38
92.83
59.00
54.00
63.44
60.83
94.44
71.25
70.00
79.64
40.00
30.22
0
106.25
24.00
30.00
74.38
105.27
100.95
70.16
26.67
46.36
59.16
100.76
0
90.00
80.00
28.00
88.75
54.70
60.79
92.84
93.00
58.75
54.00
70.70
53.60
111.11
83.25
79.34
67.00
66.08
0
0
111.25
24.00
31.43
65.70
104.88
94.98
76.15
26.67
43.33
57.26
110.33
0
105.00
70.40
28.00
88.75
47.92
55.00
95.31
93.13
58.75
55.40
69.82
70.00
95.00
74.00
67.69
69.00
75.36
0
0
111.25
24.00
31.43
70.81
109.41
102.42
76.42
26.67
51.65
74.41
96.79
99.60
59.20
52.62
59.32
101.57
44.74
56.43
62.15
88.26
36.81
64.88
64.77
92.19
60.89
54.13
65.21
74.53
56.51
56.75
60.60
78.49
51.86
74.43
62.18
91.05
47.34
70.86
66.16
31
Campaign
November-May
October-May
June-October
June-May
June-October
November-May
DecemberJune-October
November-April
December-June
November-June
June-October
November-April
June-July
May-December
April-December
October-April
July-December
May-August
May-December
November-May
June-July
November-May
May-April
June-May
May-December
November-April
May-December
July-June
January-December
June-December
May-November
April-December
July-June
May-December
May-November
MECAS(05)05
Table 4
Cane Sugar Production (in 1000 mtrv)
NORTH AMERICA
U.S.A.
CENTRAL AMERICA
Barbados
Belize
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Trinidad & Tobago
SOUTH AMERICA
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
ASIA
Bangladesh
China
China (Taiwan)
India
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
3113
3144
3211
3101
3115
2909
3296
3449
3714
3485
3603
3566
October-April
56
107
303
7104
566
346
1118
33
199
223
3577
210
127
20
114
48
106
309
4365
602
324
1104
23
185
224
4431
177
155
25
108
51
112
329
4024
627
323
1238
28
200
220
4010
209
148
30
127
55
112
331
3419
482
312
1345
4
200
212
4650
251
127
20
117
59
115
332
4504
591
310
1169
8
230
238
4685
305
142
20
117
62
131
313
4318
723
400
1445
9
250
236
4821
353
172
31
120
47
125
358
3291
516
502
1706
10
275
186
5492
360
190
29
79
53
123
378
3851
401
546
1550
5
210
204
4987
364
183
20
92
58
128
355
4133
469
525
1632
5
297
216
4985
381
161
20
115
50
110
342
3584
476
504
1650
5
338
204
5236
382
146
20
89
45
119
360
3701
483
513
1887
5
297
175
5172
374
150
20
104
36
110
358
2251
528
516
1847
0
301
153
5345
337
147
22
67
January-June
December-July
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-May
December-June
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-June
December-June
January-May
January-May
January-May
1560
303
9300
1633
348
168
87
439
5
57
567
1379
226
9979
1813
383
255
103
400
5
58
483
1093
223
10112
1833
358
255
104
541
5
30
569
1202
277
12598
1964
339
264
91
641
7
22
530
1612
265
13661
2068
392
258
116
608
10
16
523
1394
300
14734
2149
451
287
100
674
7
15
559
1649
360
16046
2136
186
283
109
450
7
19
594
1713
282
19375
2241
354
336
114
655
7
9
535
1882
293
20390
2391
601
273
112
725
10
8
645
1580
311
17036
2260
500
284
90
755
10
7
585
1630
288
20180
2523
495
331
95
850
10
7
550
1734
325
23791
2646
475
302
115
970
10
6
510
May-December
May-November
June-March
January-December
June-December
January-December
July-December
January-December
September-August
July-December
January-December
212
6768
518
14575
2257
151
222
104
58
40
2496
2125
204
6831
427
11535
2471
158
223
106
53
50
2583
2130
241
5458
509
16052
2490
211
196
114
46
60
3153
1873
294
4869
444
15930
2467
221
190
102
43
70
3243
1705
200
5367
426
17883
2287
201
192
107
47
80
2663
1853
147
5834
403
14031
2096
212
155
108
55
90
2377
1883
181
7284
296
13972
2190
237
177
110
59
100
3858
1866
125
7239
291
16475
1493
261
186
107
48
150
3618
1682
128
6975
264
19611
1490
260
189
108
59
110
2672
1676
85
6403
233
19744
1685
178
165
105
103
65
2878
1868
221
8223
147
19547
1850
169
183
110
111
110
3177
1965
179
10370
156
21750
2150
318
151
95
100
125
3802
2237
November-April
January-December
November-April
November-June
January-December
October-April
December-April
January-December
November-June
July-June
October-May
September-August
32
Campaign
MECAS(05)05
Table 4
Cane Sugar Production (in 1000 mtrv) - continued

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
Sri Lanka
60
64
65
60
Thailand
5106
3792
4009
5513
Vietnam, S.R.
418
440
460
495
AFRICA
Angola
32
33
35
25
Burkina Faso
31
31
34
32
Burundi
12
12
15
15
Cameroon, Un. Rep.
72
69
57
60
Chad
31
30
35
32
Congo
21
30
27
28
Cote d'Ivoire
167
141
137
129
Egypt, Arab Rep.
974
989
1075
1091
Ethiopia
162
185
132
139
Gabon
15
18
17
16
Guinea
20
16
20
19
Kenya
471
404
414
328
Madagascar
96
97
104
83
Malawi
210
209
137
213
Mali
33
28
28
25
Mauritius
648
681
604
530
Morocco
110
102
94
89
Mozambique
14
17
21
30
Nigeria
45
45
50
40
Rwanda
3
5
5
1
Senegal
90
86
96
94
Sierra Leone
6
4
2
5
Somalia
30
28
15
20
South Africa
2524
1654
1258
1952
Sudan
512
511
445
465
Swaziland
517
495
458
479
Tanzania, U.R.
113
122
124
104
Uganda
58
54
48
76
Zaire
88
90
85
85
Zambia
155
147
150
150
Zimbabwe
346
9
67
507
OCEANIA
Australia
3195
4366
4484
5215
Fiji
404
444
460
538
Papua N. Guinea
37
35
43
33
WORLD CANE*
78035
72668
75723
80967
1995/96
70
6323
496
1996/97
65
6098
554
1997/98
60
4325
538
1998/99
59
5478
686
1999/00
64
5833
1282
2000/01
48
5439
735
2001/02
50
6494
873
2002/03
50
7670
938
20
31
15
53
33
38
132
1108
182
15
20
418
94
241
27
572
89
32
30
1
74
5
20
1807
491
414
112
109
80
166
512
25
35
15
50
35
42
141
1083
98
16
21
423
92
234
26
624
101
27
20
1
83
5
21
2283
567
458
116
120
50
174
574
28
32
15
50
31
42
105
996
196
17
22
436
86
210
32
658
175
42
20
1
93
6
18
2504
604
476
81
99
86
195
594
32
29
24
51
32
45
159
941
215
16
22
512
95
210
32
667
144
39
17
1
92
6
19
2772
619
546
104
137
51
173
563
32
31
23
49
32
35
190
1139
248
17
25
437
85
187
32
396
132
46
31
0
93
7
18
2438
657
545
123
130
65
210
585
0
33
24
72
32
40
169
1097
290
18
25
377
70
209
32
604
156
45
14
0
92
7
17
2813
718
580
128
140
75
190
573
0
38
20
99
32
45
166
1067
283
18
25
537
50
204
32
685
155
60
0
0
95
7
20
2290
732
547
116
160
60
199
545
0
38
20
128
33
35
151
1007
301
25
25
448
32
261
33
553
100
170
0
0
93
7
20
2751
714
692
193
180
65
233
580
5122
473
42
86242
5621
472
43
84767
5895
363
47
87809
5064
266
41
93671
5561
392
47
99283
4368
355
41
93177
4778
309
45
100616
5609
348
53
111457
33
Campaign
March-October
November-May
October-May
June-October
June-May
June-October
November-May
December-Nov
June-October
November-April
December-June
November-June
June-October
November-April
June-July
May-December
April-December
October-April
July-December
May-August
May-December
November-May
June-July
November-May
May-April
June-May
May-December
November-April
May-December
July-June
January-December
June-December
May-November
April-December
July-June
May-December
May-November
MECAS(05)05
Table 5
NORTH AMERICA
U.S.A.
CENTRAL AMERICA
Barbados
Belize
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Trinidad & Tobago
SOUTH AMERICA
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
ASIA
Bangladesh
China
China (Taiwan)
India
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Cane Sugar Yields (in metric tonnes, raw value, per hectare)
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
Campaign
8.11
8.29
8.51
8.69
8.80
8.67
9.47
9.59
9.75
8.82
9.18
9.07
October-April
6.22
4.65
8.66
5.26
2.60
8.24
8.94
1.10
4.74
5.31
7.50
5.83
4.10
5.00
4.75
5.20
4.82
8.58
3.36
2.57
6.25
8.63
0.77
4.30
5.59
8.69
4.54
4.70
6.25
4.50
5.88
5.09
9.14
3.10
3.02
6.57
9.38
0.93
4.65
5.62
8.15
5.81
4.35
10.00
5.52
7.65
5.09
8.71
2.63
2.20
6.54
8.97
0.13
4.76
5.36
9.04
5.84
3.63
6.67
4.88
8.47
5.00
8.74
3.20
2.70
6.72
7.08
0.27
5.48
5.85
8.12
6.93
3.94
6.67
4.88
7.43
5.46
6.80
3.47
3.44
7.51
8.50
0.32
5.81
5.84
8.27
6.92
4.91
7.75
5.00
5.26
5.21
7.78
2.64
2.65
7.84
9.48
0.59
6.25
5.25
8.68
6.79
4.75
7.25
3.16
5.89
5.13
8.22
3.67
3.40
8.27
8.61
0.29
5.53
5.44
7.84
6.74
5.08
5.00
3.68
7.25
5.33
7.55
4.15
3.94
8.75
9.07
0.29
6.75
5.68
8.16
6.80
4.74
5.00
4.42
6.25
4.78
7.13
3.44
3.72
8.00
9.17
0.29
7.19
5.67
8.68
7.49
5.84
5.00
4.24
5.63
4.96
7.66
3.68
3.63
7.77
10.20
0.29
6.19
5.15
8.49
9.12
5.36
5.00
4.16
4.50
4.07
7.31
2.16
4.09
7.82
9.88
0
6.54
4.94
8.82
8.22
5.25
5.50
3.53
January-June
December-July
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-May
December-June
December-June
December-June
December-June
November-June
December-June
January-May
January-May
January-May
5.57
3.80
7.75
13.96
3.93
4.20
1.24
8.28
2.50
5.70
5.40
5.30
2.94
7.49
15.11
4.12
6.07
1.84
8.33
2.50
5.80
4.09
4.55
2.79
8.03
15.67
3.59
6.11
1.73
11.27
2.50
5.00
5.27
5.03
3.42
8.28
15.46
3.21
5.93
1.63
12.57
3.50
3.67
4.69
5.46
3.08
7.90
13.26
3.69
5.75
2.04
11.05
5.00
3.20
4.80
4.69
3.30
8.72
12.57
4.25
6.30
1.79
10.70
3.50
3.75
5.38
6.34
4.14
9.28
13.10
2.07
6.11
1.88
8.65
3.50
4.75
5.71
7.11
3.28
9.07
13.42
3.22
7.59
1.97
11.29
3.50
2.65
4.08
7.87
3.37
9.00
12.79
8.98
5.69
1.84
11.33
5.00
2.67
5.08
6.50
3.70
7.49
12.91
6.46
6.04
1.53
12.58
3.33
2.33
4.57
6.76
3.35
8.29
15.11
6.34
7.20
1.58
12.50
3.33
2.33
3.99
7.17
3.19
9.12
15.38
7.31
6.16
1.72
12.44
3.33
2.00
3.98
May-December
May-November
June-March
January-December
June-December
January-December
July-December
January-December
September-August
July-December
January-December
4.61
5.78
8.93
6.60
5.86
5.81
7.38
5.20
3.22
1.21
4.05
5.73
2.86
3.58
6.51
7.44
6.49
6.12
6.08
8.05
5.30
1.77
1.35
3.89
5.66
2.56
4.46
6.06
9.02
9.74
5.91
7.54
7.57
5.70
0.75
1.58
4.04
4.91
2.71
4.32
6.01
8.16
7.03
5.75
8.50
7.66
4.34
0.86
1.84
3.57
4.55
2.50
3.77
5.65
8.76
6.95
5.43
7.73
7.97
4.55
0.75
1.82
3.46
5.04
3.04
3.97
4.69
8.57
7.37
5.43
8.48
6.51
4.60
0.67
2.00
3.42
5.01
2.60
4.02
6.57
6.58
7.18
5.79
8.46
7.87
4.68
0.57
2.17
4.53
5.11
3.33
3.13
6.10
7.10
8.35
3.69
8.70
8.45
4.55
0.39
3.13
3.48
4.66
3.11
2.13
6.69
6.77
8.56
3.81
8.67
8.22
5.14
0.47
2.04
3.11
4.62
3.56
1.15
5.39
7.28
7.67
4.60
4.81
7.17
5.00
0.77
1.12
3.84
5.13
2.67
2.51
6.38
5.25
7.44
4.79
3.93
7.96
5.24
0.70
1.86
3.69
5.35
2.78
2.24
7.30
6.78
8.56
6.14
6.36
6.29
4.52
0.61
2.12
4.07
5.83
2.94
November-April
January-December
November-April
November-June
January-December
October-April
December-April
January-December
November-June
July-June
October-May
September-August
March-October
34
MECAS(05)05
Table 5
Cane Sugar Yields (in metric tonnes, raw value per hectare) - continued
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
5.27
3.78
3.94
5.49
6.06
6.47
4.70
2.90
3.00
3.21
2.97
2.21
2.34
2.14
Thailand
Vietnam, S.R.
AFRICA
Angola
2.13
Burkina Faso
7.75
Burundi
6.00
Cameroon, Un. Rep.
1.11
Chad
9.12
Congo
2.74
Cote d'Ivoire
6.68
Egypt, Arab Rep.
8.70
Ethiopia
10.80
Gabon
2.50
Guinea
4.00
Kenya
9.81
Madagascar
5.56
Malawi
11.67
Mali
6.60
Mauritius
8.88
Morocco
7.33
Mozambique
0.70
Nigeria
2.25
Rwanda
6.00
Senegal
12.86
Sierra Leone
12.00
Somalia
4.29
South Africa
9.01
Sudan
7.64
Swaziland
13.79
Tanzania, U.R.
5.65
Uganda
1.29
Zaire
2.93
Zambia
12.92
Zimbabwe
9.89
OCEANIA
Australia
9.37
Fiji
5.53
Papua N. Guinea
5.29
WORLD CANE*
6.28
1998/99
5.82
1.24
1999/00
6.49
3.73
2000/01
5.86
2.43
2001/02
6.72
3.00
2002/03
7.08
2.93
Campaign
November-May
October-May
2.20
7.75
6.00
1.06
8.57
5.87
5.64
10.63
12.33
3.00
3.20
7.77
5.11
14.62
5.60
9.20
6.80
0.74
2.25
10.00
10.75
8.00
4.00
6.17
7.86
13.24
5.47
1.20
3.00
12.25
0.26
2.92
8.50
7.50
1.14
8.75
4.28
5.48
11.20
9.43
2.83
4.00
7.26
6.91
10.79
5.60
8.27
6.27
4.20
2.50
10.00
12.00
4.00
2.50
4.66
7.06
12.18
5.56
1.07
2.83
12.50
1.91
2.08
8.00
7.50
1.20
10.67
4.53
6.45
10.29
8.69
2.67
4.75
6.69
4.85
12.17
6.25
7.36
5.93
4.29
2.11
2.00
11.75
10.00
3.33
6.87
7.62
12.44
4.98
1.69
2.83
11.54
13.00
2.22
7.75
7.50
1.06
11.00
7.00
7.33
10.36
12.13
5.00
5.00
10.72
4.96
13.62
6.75
7.94
6.36
4.57
1.36
2.00
9.25
10.00
3.33
6.62
7.67
10.70
5.09
2.18
2.58
11.86
15.06
3.13
8.75
7.50
1.00
8.75
6.24
7.42
10.51
6.13
5.33
5.25
9.61
4.84
13.07
6.50
8.55
7.21
1.23
1.00
2.00
10.38
10.00
3.50
7.61
9.00
11.83
7.73
2.18
1.61
12.43
14.35
3.50
8.00
7.50
1.00
8.86
5.77
5.53
10.08
9.33
5.67
5.50
8.72
5.06
12.07
8.00
8.89
9.72
1.75
1.05
2.00
11.63
12.00
3.00
8.43
8.75
12.25
5.79
1.80
2.46
13.00
14.14
3.56
7.25
8.00
1.02
10.67
6.43
8.37
9.70
9.77
5.33
5.50
9.85
6.33
11.05
8.00
9.01
8.47
1.56
0.89
2.00
11.50
12.00
3.17
8.77
9.67
13.32
6.12
2.49
1.46
10.81
13.40
3.56
7.75
7.67
0.98
8.00
4.38
11.18
10.75
10.78
4.25
5.00
7.67
8.50
9.84
8.00
5.50
7.33
1.84
1.29
0
11.63
7.00
2.57
7.72
10.27
12.67
6.47
2.17
1.81
14.00
13.93
0
8.25
8.00
1.44
8.00
5.00
8.89
9.88
12.08
4.50
5.00
7.85
5.83
11.61
8.00
8.27
11.14
1.80
0.61
0
11.50
7.00
2.43
8.76
11.22
13.18
6.74
2.33
2.08
10.00
13.64
0
7.60
8.00
1.98
8.00
4.50
8.74
10.26
11.79
4.50
5.00
9.94
5.00
11.33
8.00
9.38
11.07
2.50
0
0
11.88
7.00
2.86
7.11
11.09
12.43
5.80
2.67
1.67
10.47
12.98
0
9.50
8.00
2.56
8.25
2.92
7.95
9.59
12.54
6.25
5.00
8.96
3.20
13.05
6.60
7.68
7.69
6.07
0
0
11.63
7.00
2.86
8.46
10.82
15.38
8.04
3.00
1.76
13.71
13.81
June-October
June-May
June-October
November-May
December-Nov
June-October
November-April
December-June
November-June
June-October
November-April
June-July
May-December
April-December
October-April
July-December
May-August
May-December
November-May
June-July
November-May
May-April
June-May
May-December
November-April
May-December
July-June
January-December
June-December
May-November
April-December
12.88
6.11
5.12
6.01
13.19
6.23
6.44
6.42
14.29
7.23
4.83
6.31
13.37
6.39
6.28
6.30
14.02
6.38
5.70
6.51
14.63
4.95
6.71
6.69
12.06
4.67
5.13
6.84
13.43
6.03
5.88
7.20
10.42
5.30
5.13
6.59
11.63
4.68
6.43
6.90
13.45
5.35
7.57
7.39
July-June
May-December
May-November
35
MECAS(05)05
Table 6
Sugar Beet Harvested Area (in 1000 ha)

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
EUROPE
Albania
Belarus
Bosnia
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
EC-15
Austria
Belguim-Lux
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
UK
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Moldova
Poland
Romania
Russian Fed.
Slovakia
Slovenia
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
Yugoslavia
NORTH AMERICA
Canada
U.S.A.
SOUTH AMERICA
Chile
Uruguay
ASIA
China
8
45
10
37
18
119
2106
51
106
65
32
435
574
39
33
265
124
1
173
38
170
3
46
10
17
17
125
2112
54
105
65
32
439
552
50
32
283
119
1
163
47
170
3
58
10
10
15
107
2048
53
104
67
33
410
530
46
33
255
117
1
179
51
169
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
4
58
10
8
16
91
2030
4
55
10
9
19
93
2090
4
60
10
8
21
104
2029
2
49
10
5
26
92
2046
2
51
10
3
28
81
1994
2
55
0
2
21
59
1956
2
52
0
1
24
61
1817
2
55
0
2
24
78
1788
2
53
0
1
27
78
1840
52
101
67
34
410
506
40
36
263
115
1
182
53
170
52
104
67
34
430
518
42
36
291
116
1
172
57
170
52
104
68
34
422
515
40
34
254
117
1
159
59
170
51
101
67
34
421
504
53
33
286
111
8
147
60
170
49
98
66
33
412
501
36
34
280
113
3
146
59
164
47
105
64
34
393
489
39
33
272
120
8
133
59
160
43
95
59
32
362
452
50
32
242
111
8
130
55
146
45
96
57
31
386
448
42
31
222
110
8
109
54
149
44
98
58
30
399
459
42
31
246
109
8
114
54
148
Campaign
September-January
September-February
September January
September-January
September-January
September-January
161
12
32
2
80
343
199
1399
43
4
14
401
1558
90
108
14
33
2
80
374
180
1438
32
4
14
423
1498
85
95
10
35
2
74
405
97
1333
32
4
14
412
1530
53
105
10
27
2
76
396
130
1104
34
5
14
312
1485
60
124
10
24
1
75
378
133
1085
42
6
14
423
1475
62
118
11
31
2
73
453
136
1060
48
6
17
473
1359
70
99
16
35
2
76
408
129
933
49
7
17
502
1104
56
94
16
30
2
61
385
114
900
35
11
17
416
1017
69
64
13
31
2
63
371
65
806
32
10
18
408
1022
45
55
14
28
2
60
333
45
773
32
8
18
357
856
43
68
16
27
1
50
318
38
809
31
8
18
372
970
52
48
14
27
1
38
301
41
924
32
8
18
320
897
64
October-January
September-January
October-January
October-December
October-January
October-January
July-October
October-January
August-November
October-January
July-December
July-March
September-December
October-January
September-December
September-December
September-December
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-December
July-January
August-December
September-January
24
562
23
571
23
570
25
584
24
575
23
536
16
578
16
587
17
556
12
503
10
551
12
545
October-December
May-November
52
9
52
8
53
5
53
4
50
0
42
0
52
0
50
0
49
0
47
0
47
0
47
0
784
606
547
515
560
513
559
510
329
406
424
248
36
April-August
November-April
August-November
MECAS(05)05
Table 6
Sugar Beet Harvested Area (in 1000 ha) - continued

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
Iran
173
210
210
204
Japan
72
71
70
70
Kazakhstan
45
85
69
56
Kyrgyzstan
0
0
12
10
Lebanon
0
4
4
4
Pakistan
9
8
7
8
Syrian Arab Rep.
20
32
33
31
AFRICA
Egypt, Arab Rep.
21
17
18
20
Morocco
69
52
63
60
Tunisia
5
6
5
6
WORLD BEET*
8526
8360
8036
7625
Table 7
EUROPE
Albania
Belarus
Bosnia
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
EC-15
Austria
Belguim-Lux
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
UK
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Moldova
Poland
1995/96
149
70
55
14
4
8
25
1996/97
191
70
70
14
4
8
27
1997/98
185
69
20
12
5
8
29
1998/99
186
70
19
22
6
4
29
1999/00
163
70
23
24
7
4
30
2000/01
172
69
20
17
0
6
28
2001/02
192
66
20
26
0
8
27
2002/03
190
67
22
31
0
6
30
20
58
6
7750
27
56
6
7680
41
56
4
7294
40
62
3
6940
54
53
2
6426
53
57
1
5972
58
59
0
6215
65
63
0
6060
1999/00
2000/01
Sugar Beet Production (in 1000 metric tonnes)

1991/92 1992/93 1993/94
1994/95 1995/96
150
1024
150
450
525
4008
101888
2522
6043
3263
1099
24403
26012
2571
1409
11380
7189
13
6679
1635
7670
5543
273
925
82
2350
13387
50
910
150
304
525
4014
112522
2605
6174
2949
1051
26491
27238
3059
1397
14692
7981
20
7427
2138
9300
2974
300
622
61
2260
11052
45
1363
150
95
537
4308
110986
2994
6664
3802
969
25636
28731
2719
1117
10510
7118
37
9165
2536
8988
2182
188
852
55
1973
15621
56
942
150
112
592
3240
102174
2561
5729
3204
1125
23943
24293
2339
1390
11906
6126
53
8430
2355
8720
3368
240
456
54
2248
11676
56
1134
150
157
691
3712
110468
2948
6098
3250
1110
28690
26149
2562
1547
12938
6498
60
7611
2577
8430
4192
250
692
55
1527
13309
1996/97
56
1011
150
87
906
4316
110576
3081
6125
3402
1050
28225
26064
2352
1476
11251
6398
30
8173
2549
10400
4677
258
794
72
2084
17846
37
1997/98
25
1011
150
81
931
3722
117307
3034
6536
3657
1365
31304
25769
3108
1407
13413
6650
441
8281
2728
9614
3756
388
1107
58
1700
15886
1998/99
25
1428
150
53
1114
3479
109400
3288
5281
3567
892
27958
26787
1933
1399
12880
5410
404
8203
2706
8692
3747
597
949
67
927
15171
25
1187
0
23
482
2691
114899
3266
7050
3781
1125
26760
27578
2159
1395
14127
7130
419
7607
2920
9582
3288
452
870
57
943
12564
25
1474
0
19
965
2809
110050
2634
6099
3440
950
27272
27870
3146
1350
11568
6642
382
7704
2700
8293
2011
408
882
34
1085
13134
2001/02
25
1682
0
51
965
3529
104202
2773
5417
3343
1070
28552
24730
2825
1372
9910
6049
361
6821
2644
8335
3192
491
880
38
1129
11364
2002/03
25
1146
0
10
678
3833
117416
3043
6480
3464
1180
31478
26794
2994
1355
12728
6375
536
8814
2618
9557
2386
622
937
38
657
11652
Campaign
September-January
October-February
September-January
September-January
April-June
June-July
July-December
December-June
May-August
June-August
Campaign
September-January
September-February
September January
September-January
September-January
September-January
October-January
September-January
October-January
October-December
October-January
October-January
July-October
October-January
August-November
October-January
July-December
July-March
September-December
October-January
September-December
September-December
September-December
September-January
September-January
September-January
MECAS(05)05
Table 7
Sugar Beet Production (in 1000 metric tonnes) - continued

1991/92 1992/93 1993/94
1994/95 1995/96
3994
2897
1776
2764
2655
24280
25548
25468
13946
19072
1630
1107
1110
1175
1695
133
133
133
222
265
897
908
978
843
825
15474
15563
15463
12757
10989
36678
28783
33717
28138
29650
2900
2764
1292
2222
2413
Romania
Russian Fed.
Slovakia
Slovenia
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
Yugoslavia
NORTH AMERICA
Canada
U.S.A.
SOUTH AMERICA
Chile
Uruguay
ASIA
China
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Pakistan
Syrian Arab Rep.
AFRICA
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Morocco
Tunisia
WORLD BEET*
1996/97
2848
16166
1668
308
1150
14383
23009
2031
1997/98
2726
13880
1331
289
1181
18400
17663
1980
1998/99
2361
15227
1405
380
1126
16855
15523
1900
1999/00
1415
14054
961
467
1187
18759
14064
1070
2000/01
667
14556
1287
349
1410
12551
13199
1980
2001/02
876
15665
1346
288
1057
16523
15575
2098
2002/03
955
19384
1172
173
1422
12758
14452
1738
1089
25485
811
26438
855
23813
1243
28897
1121
25460
1014
24204
635
27214
880
29483
744
30319
821
29521
544
33373
345
25136
3588
520
3438
495
3357
271
3744
0
3109
0
2708
0
3084
0
3047
0
3092
0
3232
0
3555
0
2276
0
16289
5000
4115
726
0
0
316
653
15069
6000
3581
1160
0
206
233
1237
12048
5800
3388
925
220
186
243
1452
12526
5295
3853
428
114
229
195
1406
13984
3687
3813
800
107
246
194
974
16726
4754
3295
341
190
242
213
1126
14970
4987
3685
128
206
358
200
1202
14466
5548
4164
294
429
300
160
1202
8639
4332
3787
273
536
370
200
1330
8073
4649
3673
282
450
0
260
1175
10889
6098
3796
372
287
0
350
1216
11000
6000
4098
424
521
0
250
1523
1006
3036
283
227902
719
2754
208
219535
775
3162
202
219497
919
3144
234
198514
750
2717
236
205923
946
2717
283
207866
1820
2595
140
206141
1341
3125
140
201764
2414
2743
81
190869
2787
3067
20
181880
2913
2862
0
195130
2972
3295
0
190586
38
Campaign
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-December
July-January
August-December
September-January
October-December
May-November
April-August
November-April
August-November
September-January
October-February
September-January
September-January
April-June
June-July
July-December
December-June
May-August
June-August
MECAS(05)05
Table 8
EUROPE
Albania
Belarus
Bosnia
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
EC-15
Austria
Belguim-Lux
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
UK
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Moldova
Poland
Romania
Russian Fed.
Slovakia
Slovenia
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
Yugoslavia
NORTH AMERICA
Canada
U.S.A.
SOUTH AMERICA
Chile
Uruguay
ASIA
China
Sugar Beet Yields (in tonnes per hectare)

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
Campaign
18.75
22.75
15.00
12.16
29.17
33.68
48.38
49.45
57.01
50.20
34.34
56.10
45.32
65.92
42.70
42.94
57.98
13.00
38.61
43.03
45.12
34.43
22.75
28.91
37.27
29.38
39.03
20.07
17.36
37.91
33.25
64.07
38.59
23.54
32.22
16.67
19.79
15.00
17.88
30.88
32.11
53.28
48.24
58.80
45.37
32.84
60.34
49.34
61.18
43.66
51.92
67.07
20.00
45.56
45.49
54.71
27.54
21.43
19.06
25.42
28.25
29.55
16.10
17.77
34.28
33.25
64.86
36.79
19.21
32.52
15.00
23.49
15.00
9.50
35.80
40.26
54.19
56.49
64.08
56.75
29.36
62.53
54.21
59.11
33.85
41.22
60.84
37.00
51.20
49.73
53.18
22.97
18.80
24.49
23.91
26.66
38.57
18.27
19.11
34.59
33.25
69.86
37.53
22.03
24.38
14.00
16.24
15.00
14.00
37.00
35.60
50.33
49.25
56.72
47.82
33.09
58.40
48.01
58.48
38.61
45.27
53.27
53.00
46.32
44.43
51.29
32.08
24.00
17.15
33.75
29.58
29.48
21.26
12.63
34.35
44.40
60.21
40.89
18.95
37.03
14.00
20.62
15.00
17.44
36.37
39.91
52.86
56.69
58.63
48.51
32.65
66.72
50.48
61.00
42.97
44.46
56.02
60.00
44.25
45.21
49.59
33.81
25.00
28.49
39.29
20.36
35.21
19.93
17.58
40.75
44.17
58.93
25.98
20.10
38.92
14.00
16.85
15.00
10.88
43.14
41.50
54.50
59.25
58.89
50.03
30.88
66.88
50.61
58.80
43.41
44.30
54.68
30.00
51.40
43.20
61.18
39.64
23.45
25.45
36.00
28.55
39.40
20.96
15.25
34.53
51.33
67.65
30.41
16.93
29.01
12.50
20.63
15.00
16.20
35.81
40.46
57.33
59.49
64.71
54.58
40.15
74.36
51.13
58.64
42.64
46.90
59.91
55.13
56.33
45.47
56.55
37.94
24.25
31.71
29.00
22.37
38.94
21.16
14.88
27.16
44.46
69.49
36.65
16.01
35.36
12.50
28.00
15.00
17.67
39.79
42.96
54.86
67.10
53.89
54.05
27.03
67.86
53.47
53.69
41.15
46.00
47.88
134.67
56.18
45.86
53.00
39.86
37.31
31.64
33.50
15.20
39.41
20.71
16.92
40.14
34.55
66.24
40.52
15.26
27.54
12.50
21.58
0
11.50
22.95
45.61
58.74
69.49
67.14
59.08
33.09
68.09
56.40
55.36
42.27
51.94
59.42
52.38
57.20
49.49
59.89
51.38
34.77
28.06
28.50
14.97
33.87
21.77
17.44
30.03
46.70
65.94
45.98
13.76
23.78
12.50
28.35
0
19.00
40.21
46.05
60.57
61.26
64.20
58.31
29.69
75.34
61.66
62.92
42.19
47.80
59.84
47.75
59.26
49.09
56.80
36.56
29.14
31.50
17.00
18.08
39.44
14.82
18.83
40.22
43.63
78.33
35.16
15.42
46.05
12.50
30.58
0
25.50
40.21
45.24
58.28
61.62
56.43
58.65
34.52
73.97
55.20
67.26
44.26
44.64
54.99
45.13
62.58
48.96
55.94
46.94
30.69
32.59
38.00
22.58
35.74
23.05
19.36
43.42
36.00
58.72
44.42
16.06
40.35
12.50
21.62
0
10.00
25.11
49.14
63.81
69.16
66.12
59.72
39.33
78.89
58.37
71.29
43.71
51.74
58.49
67.00
77.32
48.48
64.57
49.71
44.43
34.70
38.00
17.29
38.71
23.29
20.98
36.63
21.63
79.00
39.87
16.11
27.16
October-January
September-January
October-January
October-December
October-January
October-January
July-October
October-January
August-November
October-January
July-December
July-March
September-December
October-January
September-December
September-December
September-December
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-December
July-January
August-December
September-January
45.38
45.35
35.26
46.30
37.17
41.78
49.72
49.48
46.71
44.28
44.09
45.16
39.69
47.08
55.00
50.23
43.76
54.53
68.42
58.69
54.40
60.57
28.75
46.12
October-December
May-November
69.11
61.18
65.56
60.37
63.46
54.20
70.74
0
62.18
0
64.02
0
59.31
0
60.94
0
63.10
0
68.77
0
75.64
0
48.43
0
April-August
November-April
20.78
24.87
22.03
24.32
24.97
32.60
26.80
28.36
26.26
19.88
25.68
44.35
August-November
39
September-January
September-February
September January
September-January
September-January
September-January
MECAS(05)05
Table 8
Sugar Beet Yields (in tonnes per hectare) - continued

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
28.90
28.57
27.62
25.96
24.74
57.23
50.72
48.33
55.20
54.47
16.13
13.65
13.41
7.64
14.55
0
0
18.82
11.65
7.96
0
51.50
46.50
57.25
54.79
35.06
27.76
34.77
25.59
25.87
32.65
38.66
44.00
45.35
38.96
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Pakistan
Syrian Arab Rep.
AFRICA
Egypt, Arab Rep.
47.90
Morocco
44.00
Tunisia
52.33
WORLD BEET*
26.73
*
individual crop years aggregated
Table 9
Austria
Belguim-Lux
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
UK
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Moldova
44.17
50.19
38.92
27.31
46.58
52.40
41.12
26.04
1997/98
26.96
53.80
6.40
17.56
71.60
26.67
41.45
1998/99
29.83
59.49
15.47
19.51
50.00
40.00
41.45
1999/00
26.58
54.10
11.87
22.33
52.86
50.00
44.33
2000/01
27.03
53.23
14.10
26.47
0
43.33
41.96
2001/02
31.76
57.52
18.60
11.04
0
43.75
45.04
2002/03
31.58
61.16
19.27
16.81
0
41.67
50.77
37.16
46.84
41.40
26.57
35.24
48.52
47.95
27.07
44.08
46.34
35.00
28.26
33.53
50.40
46.67
29.07
44.70
51.75
40.50
29.70
52.58
53.81
40.00
30.46
50.22
48.51
0
31.40
45.72
52.30
0
31.45
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
Campaign
September-January
October-February
September-January
September-January
April-June
June-July
July-December
December-June
May-August
June-August
Beet Sugar Production (in 1000 tonnes)

1991/92
EUROPE
Albania
Belarus
Bosnia
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
EC-15
43.22
52.96
37.76
26.26
1996/97
24.89
47.27
4.87
13.27
53.90
28.40
41.70
15
111
10
64
70
621
16594
466
968
508
165
4412
4249
297
232
1640
1137
1
928
266
1325
619
30
91
10
274
1992/93
5
148
10
31
70
592
18062
437
971
446
155
4732
4401
385
242
2032
1295
2
1027
333
1604
390
35
85
10
226
1993/94
4
107
10
9
65
626
18439
520
1134
565
154
4725
4736
333
191
1542
1230
2
1332
413
1562
376
24
75
10
217
1994/95
5
143
10
9
65
412
16528
438
945
487
168
4363
3991
271
232
1622
1051
7
1213
370
1370
435
27
55
7
163
8
143
10
16
90
500
16968
481
965
470
167
4564
4158
312
242
1621
1074
5
1196
387
1326
515
33
105
7
243
7
143
15
7
90
668
17993
535
1036
547
150
4594
4569
288
247
1561
1125
3
1300
433
1605
561
33
97
18
229
40
3
167
15
6
141
578
19045
529
1106
585
197
5134
4396
396
223
1891
1120
72
1234
430
1732
453
48
129
15
203
3
192
15
5
151
511
17550
533
863
578
138
4637
4387
218
238
1735
897
76
1249
434
1567
484
67
131
10
169
3
138
0
2
114
397
19166
545
1186
600
180
4915
4783
252
235
1853
1217
61
1192
467
1680
423
77
116
10
102
3
201
0
2
57
458
18198
447
1023
579
166
4601
4764
400
238
1687
1153
60
1192
448
1440
309
63
137
10
117
3
191
0
3
131
478
16007
460
913
520
159
4007
4066
342
216
1395
1036
84
1030
437
1342
434
56
118
7
115
3
188
0
3
172
551
18410
495
1107
561
177
5105
4394
321
215
1532
1112
66
1307
470
1548
347
84
150
7
149
Campaign
September-January
September-February
September January
September-January
September-January
September-January
October-January
September-January
October-January
October-December
October-January
October-January
July-October
October-January
August-November
October-January
July-December
July-March
September-December
October-January
September-December
September-December
September-December
September-January
September-January
MECAS(05)05
Table 9
Beet Sugar Production (in 1000 tonnes) - continued

1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1640
1567
2170
1492
1714
379
273
184
207
218
2230
2435
2705
1690
2241
205
165
152
152
170
20
20
15
24
30
136
137
153
128
140
2052
2124
2192
1679
1495
4178
3758
4196
3598
3804
400
350
138
256
163
Poland
Romania
Russian Fed.
Slovakia
Slovenia
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
Yugoslavia
NORTH AMERICA
Canada
152
U.S.A.
3488
SOUTH AMERICA
Chile
525
Uruguay
25
ASIA
China
1810
Iran
648
Japan
780
Kazakhstan
70
Kyrgyzstan
0
Lebanon
0
Pakistan
32
Syrian Arab Rep.
76
AFRICA
Egypt, Arab Rep.
103
Morocco
433
Tunisia
22
WORLD BEET*
37913
*
1996/97
2435
226
1850
246
35
203
2024
2935
285
1997/98
2261
204
1337
240
40
199
2556
2207
300
1998/99
1983
190
1335
152
43
189
2921
2043
213
1999/00
1958
86
1715
211
58
185
2111
1638
255
2000/01
2104
55
1679
140
46
224
2580
1686
164
2001/02
1626
71
1737
177
48
192
1782
1802
218
2002/03
2041
75
1755
199
46
216
2345
1549
231
Campaign
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-December
July-January
August-December
September-January
122
3984
124
3710
182
4076
163
3553
156
3641
104
3982
107
4013
119
4496
100
4246
80
3551
69
4005
490
13
505
13
581
8
473
0
435
0
513
0
511
0
487
0
457
0
430
0
576
0
April-August
November-April
1571
791
683
137
0
0
21
99
1089
709
649
107
0
0
24
99
1032
678
631
59
15
0
20
113
1403
734
708
62
18
31
22
124
1505
484
612
84
25
32
16
80
1461
609
699
45
26
33
10
93
1393
622
735
40
48
37
12
107
894
676
679
25
30
40
14
102
875
738
615
30
58
34
25
100
850
755
718
25
28
0
24
121
750
746
781
47
56
0
25
120
August-November
September-January
October-February
September-January
September-January
April-June
June-July
July-December
104
411
28
38947
120
446
25
39487
139
412
25
35056
114
408
29
36455
147
340
28
37685
155
319
28
38224
325
355
19
36681
305
390
9
37031
484
400
2
36397
426
375
0
32579
420
405
0
36521
41
October-December
May-November
December-June
May-August
June-August
MECAS(05)05
Table 10
EUROPE
Albania
Belarus
Bosnia
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
EC-15
Austria
Belguim-Lux
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
UK
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Moldova
Poland
Romania
Russian Fed.
Slovakia
Slovenia
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
Yugoslavia
NORTH AMERICA
Canada
U.S.A.
SOUTH AMERICA
Chile
Uruguay
ASIA
China
Beet Sugar Yields (in metric tonnes, raw value per hectare)
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
1.88
2.47
1.00
1.73
3.89
5.22
7.88
9.14
9.13
7.82
5.16
10.14
7.40
7.62
7.03
6.19
9.17
1.00
5.36
7.00
7.79
3.84
2.50
2.84
4.55
3.43
4.78
1.90
1.59
4.77
5.00
9.71
5.12
2.68
4.44
1.67
3.22
1.00
1.82
4.12
4.74
8.55
8.09
9.25
6.86
4.84
10.78
7.97
7.70
7.56
7.18
10.88
2.00
6.30
7.09
9.44
3.61
2.50
2.61
4.17
2.83
4.19
1.52
1.69
5.11
5.00
9.79
5.02
2.51
4.12
1.33
1.84
1.00
0.90
4.33
5.85
9.00
9.81
10.90
8.43
4.67
11.52
8.94
7.24
5.79
6.05
10.51
2.00
7.44
8.10
9.24
3.96
2.40
2.16
4.35
2.93
5.36
1.89
2.03
4.74
3.75
10.93
5.32
2.74
2.60
1.25
2.47
1.00
1.13
4.06
4.53
8.14
8.42
9.36
7.27
4.94
10.64
7.89
6.78
6.44
6.17
9.14
7.00
6.66
6.98
8.06
4.14
2.70
2.07
4.38
2.14
3.77
1.59
1.53
4.44
4.80
9.14
5.38
2.42
4.27
2.00
2.60
1.00
1.78
4.74
5.38
8.12
9.25
9.28
7.01
4.91
10.61
8.03
7.43
6.72
5.57
9.26
5.00
6.95
6.79
7.80
4.15
3.30
4.32
5.00
3.24
4.53
1.64
2.07
4.09
5.00
10.00
3.53
2.58
2.63
1.75
2.38
1.50
0.88
4.29
6.42
8.87
10.29
9.96
8.04
4.41
10.89
8.87
7.20
7.26
6.15
9.62
3.00
8.18
7.34
9.44
4.75
3.00
3.11
9.00
3.14
5.38
1.66
1.75
5.09
5.83
11.94
4.28
2.16
4.07
1.50
3.41
1.50
1.20
5.42
6.28
9.31
10.37
10.95
8.73
5.79
12.19
8.72
7.47
6.76
6.61
10.09
9.00
8.39
7.17
10.19
4.58
3.00
3.70
7.50
2.67
5.54
1.58
1.43
4.90
6.15
11.71
5.09
2.00
5.36
1.50
3.76
1.50
1.67
5.39
6.31
8.80
10.88
8.81
8.76
4.18
11.25
8.76
6.06
7.00
6.20
7.94
25.33
8.55
7.36
9.55
5.15
4.19
4.37
5.00
2.77
5.15
1.67
1.48
4.34
3.91
11.12
7.02
2.01
3.09
1.50
2.51
0
1.00
5.43
6.73
9.80
11.60
11.30
9.38
5.29
12.51
9.78
6.46
7.12
6.81
10.14
7.63
8.96
7.92
10.50
6.61
5.92
3.74
5.00
1.62
5.28
1.32
2.13
6.59
5.80
10.28
5.17
1.60
5.67
1.50
3.87
0
2.00
2.38
7.51
10.02
10.40
10.77
9.81
5.19
12.71
10.54
8.00
7.44
6.97
10.39
7.50
9.17
8.15
9.86
5.62
4.50
4.89
5.00
1.95
6.32
1.22
2.17
4.38
5.75
12.44
7.23
1.97
3.81
1.50
3.47
0
1.50
5.46
6.13
8.95
10.22
9.51
9.12
5.13
10.38
9.08
8.14
6.97
6.28
9.42
10.50
9.45
8.09
9.01
6.38
3.50
4.37
7.00
2.30
5.11
1.87
2.15
5.71
6.00
10.67
4.79
1.86
4.19
1.50
3.55
0
3.00
6.37
7.06
10.01
11.25
11.30
9.67
5.90
12.79
9.57
7.64
6.94
6.23
10.20
8.25
11.46
8.70
10.46
7.23
6.00
5.56
7.00
3.92
6.78
1.83
1.90
6.22
5.75
12.00
7.33
1.73
3.61
6.33
6.21
5.30
6.98
5.39
6.51
7.28
6.98
6.79
6.18
6.78
6.79
6.50
6.89
6.69
6.84
7.00
8.09
8.33
8.44
8.00
6.44
5.75
7.35
10.11
2.94
9.34
1.59
9.55
2.60
10.98
2.00
9.46
0
10.28
0
9.87
0
10.22
0
9.94
0
9.72
0
9.15
0
12.26
0
2.31
2.59
1.99
2.00
2.51
2.93
2.62
2.73
2.72
2.16
2.00
3.02
42
Campaign
September-January
September-February
September January
September-January
September-January
September-January
October-January
September-January
October-January
October-December
October-January
October-January
July-October
October-January
August-November
October-January
July-December
July-March
September-December
October-January
September-December
September-December
September-December
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-January
September-December
July-January
August-December
September-January
October-December
May-November
April-August
November-April
August-November
MECAS(05)05
Table 10
Beet Sugar Yields (in metric tonnes, raw value per hectare) - continued
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
3.75
3.77
3.38
3.32
4.93
2.53
3.29
10.85
9.67
9.26
9.04
10.11
8.78
10.20
1.56
1.61
1.55
1.05
1.13
1.20
2.25
0
0
0
1.53
1.33
1.75
2.22
0
0
0
0
6.90
7.13
6.60
3.56
2.50
3.43
2.63
2.93
2.13
1.33
3.80
3.09
3.00
3.65
4.96
2.96
3.21
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Pakistan
Syrian Arab Rep.
AFRICA
Egypt, Arab Rep.
4.90
Morocco
6.28
Tunisia
4.07
WORLD BEET*
4.45
*
6.25
7.90
5.09
4.66
6.84
7.08
4.81
4.91
7.05
6.87
4.39
4.60
5.65
7.03
5.09
4.70
5.48
6.07
4.75
4.91
43
3.75
5.70
7.00
5.24
1998/99
3.34
10.50
2.11
2.18
6.17
3.00
3.69
1999/00
4.15
9.70
1.09
1.25
5.71
3.50
3.40
2000/01
4.29
8.91
1.50
3.41
0
4.17
3.57
2001/02
3.93
10.88
1.25
1.08
0
3.00
4.48
2002/03
3.93
11.66
2.14
1.81
0
4.17
4.00
8.13
5.73
6.33
5.29
5.65
7.36
4.50
5.76
9.13
7.02
4.00
6.10
7.34
6.36
0
5.24
6.46
6.43
0
6.03
Campaign
September-January
October-February
September-January
September-January
April-June
June-July
July-December
December-June
May-August
June-August
MECAS(05)05
Table 11
Argentina
Australia
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Dominican R
Egypt
El Salvador
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Jamaica
Japan
Kenya
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mexico
Morocco
Mozambique
Nepal
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Thailand
Trinidad & T.
United
Uruguay
Venezuela
Zimbabwe
Prices paid to growers for cane (in local currency for tonne of cane)
1992
26
28
1005
99
65
54
43652
128
22290
3312
6000
333
66
134
65
535
60117
966
20420
630
140
6552
869
83
195
32450
710
74
422
16
22000
40
765
95
1160
172
336
123
28
65072
1400
80
1993
37
28
1005
89
65
56
908
123
26610
3566
6000
333
73
138
65
648
56067
1044
20410
826
156
5690
867
87
195
49000
833
106
441
16
23333
60
802
100
740
157
359
121
29
90
1240
80
1994
40
30
1005
93
59
59
8
154
34317
4211
8500
336
81
161
85
678
71300
1358
20410
1553
195
9483
1082
107
203
69000
841
125
453
16
31917
70
913
104
720
509
468
126
29
115
1920
80
1995
35
36
1005
98
65
64
13
220
43491
4288
8500
358
90
144
110
748
85461
1660
20450
1553
253
14310
1199
124
203
72000
855
135
515
16
36938
70
1232
105
690
745
435
137
30
168
3350
93
1996
31
32
1005
96
60
68
15
260
45652
5600
8500
401
95
181
146
629
87898
1882
20800
1553
492
11897
1377
177
220
136000
1010
168
540
16
35053
80
1236
109
730
1668
386
154
28
284
5610
107
44
1997
35
32
1005
90
56
71
17
254
43272
5890
13000
407
95
247
172
672
75281
1580
20180
1553
773
18448
1276
213
220
147000
1000
185
606
16
35000
80
1219
119
840
4252
439
154
28
213
15045
107
1998
28
32
1005
82
51
69
17
228
43646
5946
13000
428
95
213
190
766
130716
1534
20450
1730
843
24362
1439
222
220
147000
995
193
984
17
36875
90
1585
126
870
3160
485
154
27
216
35016
258
1999
21
27
1005
75
45
74
15
183
42134
6896
13000
259
95
200
206
764
168921
1757
20490
1730
1405
19879
1194
246
220
147000
1100
195
984
17
38167
90
1752
121
880
2968
477
154
26
204
14524
515
2000
23
23
1005
68
42
78
19
162
55622
7564
13500
221
95
198
228
772
148814
1758
20790
2015
1826
13219
1288
255
220
154350
1204
190
984
17
41444
90
1509
131
1070
5894
463
170
26
238
15080
674
2001
27
23
1005
68
41
81
25
190
65681
8533
13500
397
105
224
252
843
160323
1720
20370
2015
3149
17654
1431
289
220
174416
1239
231
984
17
44700
67
1595
160
1310
6880
498
170
29
282
16404
1839
2002
52
31
1005
68
33
83
25
267
61143
9318
13500
647
105
225
225
865
171546
1739
20440
2015
3652
12448
1525
300
220
191857
1400
226
1150
17
62727
60
1625
203
1428
3910
524
170
30
271
19357
3433
MECAS(05)05
Table 12
Argentina
Australia
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Dominican R
Egypt
El Salvador
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Jamaica
Japan
Kenya
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mexico
Morocco
Mozambique
Nepal
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Thailand
Trinidad and
United
Uruguay
Venezuela
Zimbabwe
WORLD
AVERAGE
Prices paid to growers for cane (in USD/tonne of cane)

1992
26.25
20.56
25.80
49.50
32.50
13.84
9.68
23.21
29.36
24.62
22.67
26.07
19.87
16.03
11.82
20.64
29.62
42.07
161.23
19.55
38.85
24.75
55.84
26.82
22.84
12.64
16.62
14.80
16.82
16.00
14.66
32.11
29.99
33.31
26.47
17.65
13.23
28.94
28.00
21.51
20.47
15.69
1993
37.04
19.04
25.40
44.50
32.50
13.13
10.25
21.35
30.83
25.08
21.19
26.27
21.77
15.86
10.04
21.25
26.86
41.85
183.55
14.24
35.43
20.09
49.13
27.92
20.97
12.40
17.14
18.86
15.69
16.00
13.38
30.18
29.57
30.60
15.31
9.85
14.18
22.61
29.00
22.84
13.65
12.34
1994
40.04
21.93
24.99
46.50
29.50
12.77
12.51
17.87
40.62
26.81
15.31
25.53
23.93
18.44
10.11
21.61
33.00
41.04
199.69
27.71
22.32
17.08
60.24
31.70
22.06
11.20
17.03
18.59
14.82
16.00
16.76
31.89
34.56
29.29
14.57
17.58
18.61
21.27
29.00
22.80
12.93
9.81
1995
35.01
26.69
24.95
49.00
32.50
13.33
14.17
26.34
47.64
23.86
17.03
26.33
26.53
16.45
11.61
23.07
38.01
47.24
217.42
30.20
16.55
28.67
68.96
19.32
23.77
7.82
16.48
17.89
16.28
16.00
18.82
31.07
47.91
28.95
13.46
12.83
17.46
23.03
30.00
26.46
18.94
10.73
1996
31.01
25.04
24.05
48.00
30.00
13.40
14.92
31.27
44.04
26.96
16.62
29.11
28.01
20.67
12.47
17.75
37.53
50.70
191.21
27.19
32.14
23.26
76.72
23.29
25.24
11.81
17.82
19.92
14.97
16.00
17.04
32.61
47.15
25.35
13.21
13.34
15.23
25.65
28.00
35.63
13.44
10.70
1997
35.02
23.75
22.90
45.00
28.00
13.51
15.77
30.64
37.93
25.32
22.27
28.53
28.03
28.21
13.23
18.51
25.88
44.63
166.79
26.44
47.01
31.61
60.60
26.90
23.09
12.49
17.24
19.58
14.74
16.00
16.07
30.03
41.36
25.82
14.24
26.98
14.00
24.63
28.00
22.56
30.79
8.83
1998
28.01
20.10
21.43
41.00
25.50
12.52
14.65
27.54
30.61
23.12
22.04
28.04
28.04
24.33
14.19
18.57
13.05
41.97
156.22
28.66
27.13
41.29
59.98
24.30
22.91
12.14
15.08
18.24
21.84
17.00
13.52
30.72
38.76
22.79
13.50
15.74
11.73
24.45
27.00
20.63
63.95
10.90
1999
21.01
17.42
20.47
37.50
22.50
12.73
8.27
22.11
23.99
24.14
21.11
16.15
27.98
22.84
14.49
17.74
21.50
45.00
179.88
24.60
31.87
32.29
47.41
25.73
22.44
11.28
16.12
16.51
19.88
17.00
12.24
26.60
44.82
19.81
12.46
11.75
12.61
24.45
26.00
17.99
23.98
13.45
2000
23.01
13.33
19.27
34.00
21.00
12.61
10.38
19.57
26.64
24.54
18.96
13.46
27.36
22.62
15.36
17.18
17.67
41.17
192.92
26.45
30.67
18.57
49.07
26.97
20.70
9.99
16.94
14.98
18.34
17.00
11.89
25.79
34.15
18.88
13.90
22.92
11.54
26.98
26.00
19.67
22.18
15.17
2001
27.01
11.90
18.01
34.00
20.50
12.26
10.60
22.95
28.56
25.95
18.42
23.42
26.43
25.60
16.29
17.87
15.62
37.39
167.61
25.65
43.62
24.08
49.13
30.93
19.46
8.42
16.53
17.27
15.89
17.00
10.89
19.11
31.28
18.58
14.66
26.59
11.21
27.27
29.00
21.17
22.67
33.40
2002
16.98
16.84
17.36
34.00
16.50
11.58
8.56
32.26
24.42
25.90
19.37
34.77
23.34
25.71
13.69
17.79
18.42
35.92
163.01
25.59
47.62
17.86
50.90
31.07
19.96
8.10
17.98
15.86
19.26
17.00
10.97
17.06
31.49
19.26
14.93
14.85
12.20
27.21
30.00
12.75
16.67
62.38
21.75
21.78
23.13
24.22
23.03
23.00
21.58
18.34
17.86
19.09
19.53
45
MECAS(05)05
Table 13
Argentina
Australia
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Dominican R.
Egypt
El Salvador
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Jamaica
Japan
Kenya
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mexico
Morocco
Mozambique
Nepal
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Thailand
Trinidad & T.
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Zimbabwe
WORLD
AVERAGE
Costs of cane for sugar mills (in USD/tonne of sugar)

1992
352.10
138.75
91.24
544.43
298.33
242.21
68.83
203.87
242.48
226.31
0.00
296.93
169.64
169.27
179.26
184.27
383.62
499.87
1286.23
186.16
304.88
269.63
442.92
240.67
222.57
245.44
429.15
214.31
185.92
118.71
396.93
380.53
337.41
260.90
302.29
155.36
121.09
346.31
251.27
129.82
301.66
198.75
1993
576.09
135.93
91.68
384.81
302.66
198.30
71.66
207.29
267.06
227.72
0.00
308.71
182.64
158.72
149.05
129.81
356.92
465.99
1535.80
122.77
292.51
223.19
391.47
237.44
211.05
138.19
390.16
233.99
179.07
124.32
385.86
242.23
359.24
273.52
183.77
91.37
132.87
215.57
253.40
266.42
156.49
108.11
1994
499.66
146.97
87.29
342.44
254.96
179.74
83.81
154.13
348.97
259.19
0.00
331.49
216.89
185.51
155.57
200.23
318.80
444.19
1683.71
323.19
173.74
207.70
586.41
273.56
229.26
116.90
348.04
236.90
194.00
160.00
515.40
270.13
375.10
235.32
371.30
161.85
170.32
254.06
249.46
310.91
167.83
82.17
1995
384.40
195.05
78.71
281.94
313.98
214.78
98.84
245.41
400.16
247.92
156.36
242.44
230.40
164.22
158.51
224.66
480.25
520.78
1836.71
279.57
123.77
280.32
634.16
165.68
275.36
77.25
302.56
202.38
221.14
136.55
417.87
323.19
592.28
267.77
244.83
123.87
159.30
261.12
254.57
408.49
222.65
58.88
1996
391.52
177.93
88.77
394.82
263.82
175.45
102.86
276.05
359.32
298.06
148.48
246.86
243.23
206.07
161.50
164.95
527.91
518.48
1583.99
273.64
245.16
262.08
711.52
203.73
224.67
122.45
310.58
200.06
190.40
127.15
466.28
296.04
548.36
232.66
294.22
109.67
140.48
310.95
853.01
380.00
154.48
86.49
1997
361.01
164.91
91.10
546.58
263.87
129.35
106.67
349.19
306.71
251.11
229.94
359.28
251.80
279.84
174.94
170.92
328.04
542.24
1361.64
282.68
358.38
299.28
532.39
231.93
98.31
110.00
280.82
209.02
150.29
134.90
412.09
462.45
454.55
228.50
327.96
228.69
136.57
444.34
231.23
246.96
333.25
70.74
1998
272.94
147.16
109.47
347.14
244.84
155.51
102.21
331.75
265.02
217.09
193.89
311.25
264.82
203.05
165.20
176.68
244.41
475.66
1399.26
247.18
231.77
375.53
519.83
212.39
218.24
115.16
172.73
172.97
299.90
181.61
332.19
267.35
500.44
188.53
216.48
158.69
107.16
333.81
232.54
382.74
969.52
89.49
1999
178.62
119.55
121.95
337.50
196.17
160.60
58.11
247.55
198.47
244.78
180.69
155.38
246.07
220.26
165.72
161.47
339.16
421.88
1495.23
195.00
290.22
315.81
464.86
217.31
244.11
183.96
290.45
159.49
265.59
208.12
313.78
284.36
523.38
172.41
198.75
115.14
114.90
291.90
213.24
301.34
316.03
100.83
2000
218.25
95.33
226.64
365.84
198.55
146.06
73.75
211.48
212.26
249.17
129.59
136.64
252.99
228.53
156.97
153.69
250.63
450.24
1631.04
213.65
249.44
165.36
415.12
229.09
147.99
222.05
547.92
137.91
216.69
184.67
296.53
252.28
387.73
160.22
308.59
215.09
103.25
312.00
232.09
421.50
334.83
112.07
2001
251.09
80.32
83.89
340.00
201.38
164.27
75.10
217.65
230.70
249.52
128.14
249.81
239.14
246.12
190.88
164.79
212.71
419.89
1372.97
182.35
427.61
250.62
415.38
256.61
117.79
222.69
332.43
144.94
206.85
200.03
274.57
176.00
336.83
171.70
294.88
251.48
102.68
351.14
239.32
535.36
365.28
284.03
2002
144.31
114.01
66.67
394.78
160.95
168.65
59.13
286.82
199.07
286.38
134.04
330.48
231.91
245.38
142.74
158.99
218.77
416.93
1433.66
199.39
346.68
200.25
448.60
255.46
179.06
100.57
318.12
146.49
224.06
202.38
306.30
154.79
333.30
161.10
298.25
150.18
117.79
367.48
258.75
399.46
278.74
437.18
199.51
187.89
206.00
227.74
223.94
210.40
199.53
163.58
162.02
169.04
171.74
46
MECAS(05)05
Table 14
Prices paid to growers for beet (in local currency for tonne of beet)
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Austria
703
703
642
650
652
648
643
643
643
47
Belgium
1720
1767
1807
1875
1788
1869
1684
1789
1849
33
Canada
Chile
China
44
54
54
49
47
51
56
53
56
72
21253
21563
20222
22152
23253
25377
28094
29899
31883
32502
171
202
289
341
333
299
240
212
249
350
152932
220
220
242
243
224
190
233
232
242
Czech R.
809
683
852
930
848
795
763
969
964
969
Denmark
326
350
341
351
338
324
308
320
330
328
Croatia
Egypt
55
63
81
91
91
100
100
100
110
110
France
220
241
239
238
231
226
216
239
245
33
73
80
80
72
76
77
68
68
69
46
13644
15572
17992
20206
20206
18516
18527
18305
17770
52
2202
2885
3736
4452
5713
4786
5364
6879
7778
8399
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
42
40
41
37
40
38
38
37
43
56
Italy
97665
105004
116660
119332
105488
91237
83569
89611
90526
42
Japan
18990
16110
18080
18400
18350
17130
16960
15810
17600
18180
2500
385
2104
2085
3888
3261
3193
3584
3533
2857
22
21
21
23
23
22
21
21
20
20
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Lithuania
135
117
174
185
182
185
168
175
163
151
Morocco
305
313
313
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
98
115
117
110
117
124
95
99
120
46
440000
550000
81
91
95
97
100
102
111
105
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
8500
8500
10499
10499
10499
11409
10299
11422
12423
50
Romania
26090
44410
56160
82770
155860
202790
342830
424000
490000
703000
Russia
747
23600
55900
143300
189100
196400
291
358
509
655
Slovakia
790
705
843
917
962
850
890
992
1069
997
Slovenia
6444
5827
6981
8158
8693
7700
8191
6200
6760
8040
Spain
7534
7574
8185
7684
7684
7833
7963
7883
8005
48
290
290
428
379
379
387
357
359
381
368
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
143
147
156
146
137
137
118
118
130
116
386700
625000
1500000
3608300
6050000
12833000
19125000
27563000
45000000
61229510
UK
36
33
36
36
27
27
24
25
29
29
United States
39
39
38
45
39
36
37
34
40
41
47
MECAS(05)05
Table 15
Prices paid to growers for beet (USD for tonne of beet)
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Chile
China
Croatia
Czech R.
Denmark
Egypt
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Morocco
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
US
60.44
49.72
34.11
52.58
29.68
42.75
27.75
50.28
16.41
38.85
44.09
59.52
23.95
62.02
62.06
170.78
43.34
32.58
31.08
32.80
52.76
24.29
52.86
34.27
23.80
25.67
56.90
59.20
37.26
96.78
35.20
53.99
39.00
61.55
52.81
39.54
51.32
23.44
36.69
23.73
55.03
18.61
43.41
49.22
64.19
27.43
59.82
65.12
157.62
10.83
37.52
29.41
34.01
63.19
24.20
51.21
26.83
25.52
22.00
45.24
56.54
37.58
107.48
21.11
50.50
39.00
63.68
61.30
39.35
50.97
34.60
42.07
32.10
60.87
23.88
47.88
55.74
77.66
29.73
65.73
71.62
192.22
34.52
39.80
43.50
36.65
72.87
33.40
69.48
27.62
31.43
28.37
58.90
65.64
60.00
131.93
32.72
56.81
38.00
61.40
60.56
35.94
53.73
41.01
44.54
34.26
60.53
26.83
46.53
47.77
83.94
29.17
59.20
77.34
169.15
30.98
41.76
46.25
37.29
65.25
33.75
68.07
26.84
36.93
29.91
60.27
60.67
56.52
118.12
44.33
56.17
45.00
53.42
49.98
33.94
55.46
40.17
39.83
26.75
51.18
26.85
39.58
43.76
74.00
30.59
60.64
61.94
151.66
51.54
39.59
45.50
34.11
59.96
28.97
59.89
21.74
33.95
28.62
54.44
52.48
49.64
94.40
39.84
44.20
39.00
52.35
51.49
34.38
55.13
36.12
35.21
24.63
48.35
29.52
38.31
43.69
62.65
22.32
54.11
52.55
130.86
41.65
37.30
46.25
33.84
62.51
27.91
63.35
22.85
29.98
24.12
46.35
52.43
48.68
94.49
49.22
44.72
36.00
49.78
44.47
37.69
55.22
28.99
26.71
22.07
44.15
29.45
35.08
36.98
57.93
22.62
51.40
45.98
148.89
26.71
35.89
42.00
33.15
45.93
25.21
54.73
22.36
14.54
21.52
45.06
50.99
43.21
78.55
45.67
38.83
37.00
43.05
40.86
35.69
55.41
25.61
28.15
25.10
39.59
28.80
33.57
31.98
49.49
24.38
43.28
42.64
146.71
25.22
34.62
43.75
30.59
41.39
23.47
52.49
19.51
18.10
21.55
27.85
43.65
39.18
69.87
44.09
37.83
34.00
41.81
41.02
36.16
50.21
30.08
27.82
25.34
39.65
27.69
33.42
31.52
46.67
27.15
48.86
41.84
144.82
24.08
31.85
40.75
28.75
48.73
27.11
55.45
16.86
22.46
22.11
27.85
43.05
36.89
77.03
36.72
41.75
40.00
44.23
31.06
45.88
47.18
42.29
30.75
29.60
41.55
24.45
31.06
43.29
48.94
32.57
52.70
39.53
144.99
18.64
32.35
41.07
29.49
43.29
25.74
47.06
21.26
23.83
22.00
33.47
45.17
37.79
74.43
40.62
41.75
41.00
WORLD
AVERAGE
49.90
45.16
44.78
53.44
52.52
45.08
44.56
40.16
37.35
38.06
48
MECAS(05)05
Table 16
Costs of beet for sugar factories (in USD/tonne of sugar)

1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Chile
China
Croatia
Czech R.
Denmark
Egypt
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Morocco
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
US
347.97
292.16
349.56
328.33
353.17
190.97
338.33
105.94
210.77
485.96
139.00
362.68
423.00
891.51
374.67
255.18
353.16
232.54
305.35
977.92
330.84
224.06
187.53
504.56
407.34
228.78
618.62
248.34
310.68
250.33
292.16
235.17
349.56
359.88
320.19
330.70
284.47
334.16
186.60
362.02
123.06
238.21
554.00
212.41
358.43
478.01
962.46
78.59
333.48
243.97
259.55
368.30
387.71
358.23
210.56
170.01
418.45
392.94
239.22
707.86
160.38
321.45
276.49
320.19
270.06
330.70
390.29
387.34
335.00
344.91
322.97
238.32
420.89
157.17
300.99
637.75
241.96
420.20
571.61
1035.21
445.42
301.55
286.85
244.06
440.86
833.78
336.33
267.50
282.91
520.30
417.74
399.54
777.43
240.50
361.18
272.30
387.34
270.59
335.00
353.59
358.03
334.50
455.82
448.33
221.36
376.47
172.63
285.84
685.53
243.15
353.75
557.43
910.70
125.76
326.50
378.58
297.98
371.07
680.68
338.26
322.69
202.84
530.35
381.40
332.71
669.16
314.99
363.94
299.14
358.03
233.60
334.50
306.41
295.36
333.39
411.60
263.00
172.27
319.93
315.34
241.32
580.78
253.59
382.60
439.34
799.55
146.49
320.04
390.38
277.50
356.02
366.81
290.45
352.46
158.71
393.31
352.19
314.93
560.35
286.78
245.36
266.54
295.36
207.26
333.39
322.92
315.08
328.75
375.05
259.74
167.69
298.40
121.79
230.97
555.55
172.82
318.07
390.11
741.35
306.10
332.35
335.12
297.88
377.00
336.74
283.99
342.00
223.00
409.59
344.35
303.52
563.03
284.02
248.03
264.49
315.08
282.74
328.75
298.34
264.37
350.59
280.16
112.95
149.61
278.22
233.11
191.01
496.28
175.82
305.15
350.56
830.43
291.72
210.66
315.00
233.14
269.08
375.93
367.90
119.16
98.00
362.83
325.39
270.16
504.02
405.82
221.48
249.51
264.37
235.65
350.59
253.69
243.59
391.88
236.27
476.60
153.97
235.21
165.85
198.97
389.26
158.66
245.52
292.38
876.19
237.03
224.24
281.66
234.52
238.43
334.19
236.60
156.87
198.09
211.26
282.11
236.14
439.81
214.46
217.84
236.39
243.59
293.00
391.88
252.07
243.35
415.14
385.38
204.92
187.12
254.90
189.32
238.15
385.47
199.68
310.34
297.20
765.66
358.27
279.27
303.90
219.45
284.51
238.30
208.02
202.52
168.12
167.09
285.10
223.17
424.08
340.45
259.29
375.93
243.35
245.87
415.14
271.92
181.80
186.41
620.20
121.23
205.90
256.54
172.99
191.50
456.46
223.94
332.15
328.40
760.78
168.15
239.56
256.53
239.93
248.19
382.16
270.71
263.19
129.54
125.86
304.64
210.52
489.97
221.02
257.76
257.32
181.80
229.40
186.41
WORLD
AVERAGE
318.94
291.37
297.49
359.88
349.18
298.49
294.29
263.30
232.00
267.68
49

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International Sugar Organization

MARKET EVALUATION CONSUMPTION AND

An International Survey of Sugar Crop Yields and Prices Paid

I. Agricultural and Sugar Yields

Box 1 Non-centrifugal sugar production

Box 2 Brazil: Distribution of sugar cane for different uses

Box 3 India: industrial sugar and artisan sweeteners

Sugar yields: cane v beet

II. Prices Paid for Sugar Crops

Limitations imposed by data and methodology used

Crop Prices and Costs of Raw Material: Cane v Beet

cost efficiency. Indeed, high yields in themselves can be misguiding, as

very high yields

sugar yileds in t/ha

1993/94-1996/97 2. The growth can be attributed to both extensive and

Very high yields

Non-centrifugal sugar production

Fig. 3 Centrifugal and non-centrifugal sugar production

Brazil: Distribution of sugar cane for different uses

Fig. 4 Calculated area and cane use for sugar production

Source: FAO and Datagro

There is no identifiable trend of yield improvements in the cane sugar sectors of

India: industrial sugar and artisan sweeteners

Source: ISMA Handbook of sugar statistics, 2003.

The distribution of world cane sugar production between the groups is

Fig. 6 Distribution of world cane sugar output by producers

high and very high yields

Fig. 7a Frequency distribution of sugar yields

very high yields

sugar yields in t/ha

Similar to cane, different natural conditions and levels of development of

Very high yields

high and very high yields

Sugar Yields: Cane v Beet

Fig. 10 Distribution of world sugar output by producers relative

high and very high yields

The dynamics of the distribution of world sugar production by producers

importance of efficient cane sugar producers has increased considerably. This

Distribution of world production by producers relative efficiency

High yield producers

Distribution of world net exports by producers efficiency

High yield producers

low yield producers

middle yield producers

Limitations imposed by data and methodology used

Fig 13a Frequency distribution of cane prices

Fig.15 Dynamics of cane prices expressed in

Fig. 14 Dynamics of cane prices expressed in

In order to find major trends in prices

Fig. 16 Dynamics of cane prices expressed in

World av e rage cane price s (USD/tonne ) and ISA

w orld c ane pric es

Linear (w orld c ane

Linear (w orld pric es )

Fig. 18 Classification of cane producers by raw material costs

lower costs (lower than

the list of countries with an annual production exceeding 1 mln tonnes

Fig. 19 Distribution of world cane sugar output by producers cane cost

lower cane cost producers

higher cane cost producers

In terms of world weighted averages, prices for beet show a statistically

higher costs ( higher