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Treffen/Workshop der ITG Fachgruppe 5.2.1

Radio Access Network Dimensioning for 3G UMTS

Xi Li
xili@comnets.uni-bremen.de

November 13, 2009

ikom - ComNets

Outline
Introduction and Motivation UMTS Network Dimensioning Framework Developed Simulation Models Developed Analytical Models Dimensioning Models and Results Conclusions and Outlook

ikom - ComNets

Outline
Introduction and Motivation UMTS Network Dimensioning Framework Developed Simulation Models Developed Analytical Models Dimensioning Models and Results Conclusions and Outlook

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) ikom - ComNets

UE UE

Node B

Iub
UE

Circuit Switched Domain

PSTN ...

RNC
UE

UE

Node B

Iub
UE

Packet Switched Domain

Internet X.25 ...

UE

UE
UE Node B RNC

UTRAN
User Equipment Base Station Radio Network Controller

Core Network
UTRAN PSTN

External Networks

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Public Switched Telephone Network

Motivation of UMTS Network Dimensioning

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Dimensioning: determine appropriate bandwidths for transport links maximizing utilization of transport resources guarantee QoS (Quality of Service) requirements The transport resource within the UTRAN is considerably costly

UTRAN

Iub Interface

Costly interface Costly interface Strict delay QoS Strict delay QoS

Dimensioning of Iub is important to design a high cost- efficient UMTS network

Goal of This Thesis

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UMTS network is developing fast
Evolutions of UMTS
Radio Access Network (RAN) evolution: Rel99, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, LTE Evolved UMTS terminals and emerging new services Significant increase of the traffic volume Remarkable changes in traffic pattern and characteristics

Transport Technologies for UTRAN, e.g. migration from ATM to IP Quality of Service Schemes, e.g. QoS differentiation and prioritization

Goal of this Thesis Goal of this Thesis

Investigate important aspects related to the Iub dimensioning Investigate important aspects related to the Iub dimensioning Develop dimensioning approaches for different UMTS Networks Develop dimensioning approaches for different UMTS Networks simulation models simulation models analytical models analytical models Derive important dimensioning guidelines and rules Derive important dimensioning guidelines and rules
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ikom - ComNets

Outline
Introduction and Motivation UMTS Network Dimensioning Framework Developed Simulation Models Developed Analytical Models Dimensioning Models and Results Conclusions and Outlook

Objectives of UMTS Network Dimensioning

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Network Costs: the costs correlated with the expenditures necessary for
leasing transport link bandwidths

Quality of Service
user-relevant QoS: refers to the QoS related to the individual users
Application delay or throughput, connection reject ratio due to admission control function

network-relevant QoS: network-specific QoS to evaluate the quality of a network, measured on the packet level
Packet delay, packet loss ratio

The goal of network dimensioning is to minimize costs while maximizing QoS The goal of network dimensioning is to minimize costs while maximizing QoS

Framework of UMTS Network Dimensioning

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Simulation Approach
Input
Traffic Demand
traffic class traffic load traffic distribution

Analytical Approach

Output
Dimensioning Process

Network Cost minimum required link capacities (Mbit/s)

QoS Targets
user-relevant QoS network-relevant QoS

Network Configurations
network topology traffic control functions resource control functions transport technology QoS mechanisms

QoS

Bandwidth 9

ikom - ComNets

Outline
Introduction and Motivation UMTS Network Dimensioning Framework Developed Simulation Models Developed Analytical Models Dimensioning Models and Results Conclusions and Outlook

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Simulation Models

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Model a complete UMTS system following 3GPP specifications Focused on a detailed modeling of the Iub interface (i.e. protocol stack, transport network, resource and QoS management) Modeling of air interface and core network are simplified Reduce complexity and improve simulation efficiency

IP Transport

ATM Transport

ATM Transport

IP Transport
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ikom - ComNets

Outline
Introduction and Motivation UMTS Network Dimensioning Framework Developed Simulation Models Developed Analytical Models Dimensioning Models and Results Conclusions and Outlook

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Services and QoS Measures

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Voice Video Conferencing Web FTP

Applications/Services

Real Time (RT) low delay low loss require Admission Control Circuit-Switched Traffic

Non Real Time (NRT) carried by TCP/IP delay tolerant Elastic Traffic Traffic Classes

Blocking probability (CAC reject ratio)

Application Throughput (Application Delay)

QoS Measures Userat flow/call level relevant QoS QoS Measures at packet level over the Iub

Packet Delay Packet Loss ratio

Packet Delay Packet Loss ratio

Networkrelevant QoS

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Overview of Analytical Models

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User-Relevant QoS

Analytical Models

Network-Relevant QoS

Traffic Scenario QoS Measure

Circuit-Switched Traffic

Elastic Traffic

Mixed Traffic

Circuitswitched traffic

Elastic Traffic

Mixed Traffic

blocking QoS application delay or throughput

both QoS need to be met

packet delay, packet loss ratio over the Iub interface

Erlang Loss Model

Proposed Analytical Models

Processor Sharing (PS) Model

Processor Sharing Model + Erlang Model

Queuing Models with nonMarkovian Arrival Process

Non-preemptive priority queuing model

Erlang-B MD Erlang-B

M/G/R-PS queuing model

Traffic Policy - BW sharing - BW separation

MMPP(2)/D/1 or BMAP/D/1

MMPP(2)/D/1 - Priority or BMAP/D/1-Priority

Modeling Call or Flow Level

Modeling Packet Level

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ikom - ComNets

Outline
Introduction and Motivation UMTS Network Dimensioning Framework Developed Simulation Models Developed Analytical Models Dimensioning Models and Results
Processor Sharing Model (Application Performance) Packet level Queuing Model (Transport Network Performance)

Conclusions and Outlook

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Processor Sharing (PS) Model for Elastic Traffic - for User-Relevant QoS (Application Performance) ikom - ComNets
UE

Radio Access Bearer (RAB) rpeak

rpeak

UE

Assumptions
R = C / rpeak

rpeak rpeak

Iub (C)
NodeB

UE

RNC

Flow arrival follows Poisson Process General file length distribution

rpeak
UE UE

Radio Network Cont

rpeak

Expected Sojourn Time (average transfer delay)

M/G/R-PS Model
File length

Number of servers R = C / rpeak

E M / G / R {T ( x)} =

E ( R , R ) x x 1 + 2 = fR rpeak R (1 ) rpeak
Link utilization Delay factor 16

Peak data rate

K. Lindberger (1999)

Proposed Extensions on M/G/R-PS Model ikom - ComNets

Seven Extensions are proposed in this thesis to incorporate UMTS networks Case
1. Single RAB No CAC 2. Single RAB With CAC 3. Multiple RABs No CAC 4. Rate Adaptation - BRA
General M/G/R-PS model - R is bearer specific - consider total traffic
Reuse single rate M/G/R-PS Calculate an average rate from different rpeak to derive R
RAB CAC Radio Access Bearer Call Admission Control

Extensions

Analytical Realizations
RTTadjust = RTT f R
New parameter UL_rtt_ratio
E {T ( x )}* = E{T ( x )} + ( 2 + UL _ rtt _ ratio ) RTTadjust

Ri =

C ri

bearers

EM / G / R {T ( xi )} =

xi E2 ( Ri , Ri ) xi 1 + = f Ri ri Ri (1 ) ri

rpeak _ avg = r j q j
j =1

Ravg = C / rpeak _ avg

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Proposed Extensions on M/G/R-PS Model (cont) ikom - ComNets

Case
5. Mixing with CS Traffic

Extensions

Analytical Realizations
M/G/R-PS

(a) C Iub = C elastic + LCS (b)

C Iub = Celastic + CCS

M/G/R-PS Erlang
Last mile links Node B Cac_1 Backbone Link Cbb IP Router RNC

6. Multi-Iub RAN
Node B Cac_2

Cac_n Node B

7. IP DiffServ

EM / G / R {T ( xk )} =

xk rpeak _ k

E (R , R ) xk 1 + 2 k k k = fk r Rk (1 k ) peak _ k

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IP-based UTRAN with DiffServ QoS Structure

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Node B

RNC

UMTS Core Network

Per Hop Behavior (PHB)

EF AF PHB Expedited Forwarding Assured Forwarding Per Hop Behavior SP WFQ DiffServ Strict Priority Weighted Fair Queuing Differentiated Services

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Validation of Application Delay Estimation

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Single Link Scenario
AF11 app. delay (s) AF11 PHB - NRT RAB 64kbps 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Iub link utilization 0.9 1
AF21 app. delay (s) AF21 PHB - NRT RAB 128kbps 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Iub link utilization 0.9 1 M/G/R/N-PS Simulations

M/G/R/N-PS Simulations

Service class RT voice RT video NRT RAB 64kbps NRT RAB 128kbps NRT RAB 256kbps NRT RAB 384kbps NRT HSPA 2Mbps

PHB EF EF AF11 AF21 AF31 AF41 BE

WFQ weight
AF41 app. delay (s)

AF41 PHB - NRT RAB 384kbps 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Iub link utilization 0.9 1 M/G/R/N-PS Simulations
BE app. delay (s) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.5 0.6

BE PHB HSPA M/G/R/N-PS Simulations

20 30 40 50 10

0.7 0.8 Iub link utilization

0.9

The relative errors of obtained analytical results are within The relative errors of obtained analytical results are within the agreed level for network dimensioning of industry the agreed level for network dimensioning of industry

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Queuing Models for Network-Relevant QoS

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FP PDUs DCH 1 DCH 2
TTI TTI

Delay distribution
0.99
Link AAL2 ATM Queue Segmentation Queue Deterministic Deterministic service rate service rate

DCH n

TTI

30ms

queuing delay

Arrivals

RT or NRT

Departure Depatures
Arrivals
Server process (deterministic service rate)

RT

H Non-preemptive priority Departure Depatures L

Server process (deterministic service rate)

Packet scheduling:

NRT

(a) Single-service system

(b) Priority system

Arrival process model (shall capture bursty and self-similarity of the aggregated arrival traffic and Bulk Arrival of packets) 2-state Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) model, where the interarrival time distribution is based on 2-Phase Hyper-exponential distribution Batch Markovian Arrival Process (BMAP)
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MMPP Model for Estimation of the Iub delay

ikom - ComNets Capture of the Characteristic of the Arrival Traffic

Traffic demand

Add network / protocol overhead

Mean traffic

Variance

Correlation

Measure arrival traffic

Capture the arrival traffic characteristics MMPP arrival process model parameters
MMPPD/1 queuing MMPP/D/1 priority queuing

Queuing delay distribution

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Validation of the Iub Delay Estimation

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Scenario I: 100% voice traffic (single Iub)
Traffic model: Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) 12.2kbps Speech/silence period: exponential distribution, mean = 3 seconds Call duration: exponential distribution, mean = 120 seconds Dimension QoS target: 99% of packets experience less than 10ms Iub delay
voice only scenario - Rel99 ATM-based Iub 10000 required Iub bandwidth [kbps] 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 voice traffic demand [kbps] 4000 relative error of the analytical model system simulation M/D/1 H2/D/1 MMPP/D/1 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 1000 2000 3000 voice traffic demand [kbps] 4000 M/D/1 H2/D/1 MMPP/D/1 voice only scenario - Rel99 ATM-based Iub

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Validation of the Iub Delay Estimation

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Dimension QoS target:
99% of voice packets experience less than 10ms Iub delay 99% of data packets experience less than 30ms Iub delay Scenario II: 100% web traffic
packet switched traffic (BRA) only 8000 required Iub bandwidth [kbps]
required Iub bandwidth [kbps] 8000

Scenario III: 90% web traffic (low priority) & 10% voice traffic (high priority)
packet switched traffic (BRA) with 10% voice 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 UTRAN traffic demand [kbps] 5000 System simulation Queueing simulation (Opnet) Analytical calculation

7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 1000

System simulation Queueing simulation (Opnet) Analytical calculation

2000 3000 4000 UTRAN traffic demand [kbps]

5000

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ikom - ComNets

Outline
Introduction and Motivation UMTS Network Dimensioning Framework Developed Simulation Models Developed Analytical Models Dimensioning Models and Results Conclusions and Outlook

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Conclusions and Outlook

Propose a general UMTS network dimensioning framework Develop several detailed simulation models with OPNET Investigate important aspects related to Iub dimensioning Develop novel analytical models for dimensioning of the Iub interface and validated by simulations

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Circuit-switched Traffic
User QoS Blocking QoS Erlang-B (single stream) MD-Erlang B (multi-stream) Packet delay & loss QoS Network QoS
MMPP: Markov Modulated Poisson Process BMAP: Batch Markovian Arrival Process

Elastic traffic
Application QoS Processor Sharing (PS) Extensions of M/G/R-PS Packet delay & loss QoS MMPP/D/1 or BMAP/D/1

Mixed traffic
Consider applied traffic policy and its Mux. gain

MMPP/D/1 or BMAP/D/1

MMPP/D/1-nonpreemptive priority

Develop a dimensioning tool (in Matlab)

Summarize all proposed analytical models Apply to derive dimensioning rules
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Conclusions and Outlook (cont)

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Dimensioning and Comparing of ATM- and IP-based UTRAN Single Iub link scenario Multi-Iub RAN scenario Dimensioning HSPA traffic in ATM-based UTRAN HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+Rel99 (Traffic Separation)

Further Work: Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Expect a much higher demand on transport bandwidth in access networks Dimensioning for LTE transport access network Investigating applicability of current dimensioning models Extensions of analytical models are desired

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Thank for your Attention

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