Volume 10 Module 04 EDA System Overview

INDEX Volume 10 Module 04

EDA System Overview

Section
1.0 1.1 1.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 5.0 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 7.0 7.1 7.2 8.0 9.0 10.0 ADSL Standards Main Features

Contents
Introduction To Ethernet DSL Access

Page No.
48 48 49 49 50 51 54 57 58 58 58 59 60 60 61 61 62 63 66 66 67 67 68 69

Ethernet DSL Architecture Aggregation Node Ethernet Controller IP DSLAM Line And Loop Test Single Ended Line Test Loop Diagnostics Link Aggregation And Redundancy Link Aggregation Link Redundancy Telephony Over IP Scenario Baseband Telephony Scenarios Baseband POTS/ISDN Baseband POTS Using MDF Filter Pre-Cabled Solutions Ethernet Conversion Ethernet To E1 Conversion Ethernet To ATM Conversion Network Example Exercise Solution To Exercise

Notes
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Volume 10 Module 04

EDA System Overview

This chapter is designed to provide the student with an architectural overview of the EDA system, and a description of how the EDA system supports data, video, and telephony services. The chapter also describes how EDA supports link aggregation and redundancy.
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Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter the student will be able to: Describe the EDA network including EDA management proxy Describe the main features of the EDA solution Describe EDA data, video, and telephony scenarios

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO ETHERNET DSL ACCESS

Ethernet DSL Access (EDA) is the 3rd generation DSL system from Ericsson. The system sets a new standard for implementation of digital access systems in a fast, flexible, and future proof way. With the EDA solution, the main transmission technology is shifted from ATM to switched Ethernet. Compared to
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ATM, the Ethernet technology is superior in important areas like scalability, simplicity, and equipment cost. EDA deploys integrated high-speed always-on triple play services (data, video, and voice) and it supports more advanced services such as multicasting.

1.1 ADSL standard

EDA 2.1 supports the following ADSL transmission modes: ADSL: ITU-T G.992.1 Annex A (POTS) and Annex B (ISDN) ADSL: ITU-T G.992.2 Splitterless ADSL ADSL2: ITU-T G.992.3 Annex A (POTS) and Annex B (ISDN) ADSL2: ITU-T G.992.3 Annex M (Symmetrical services) ADSL2: ITU-T G.992.3 Annex L (Reach Extended) ADSL2+: ITU-T G.992.5 Annex A (POTS) and Annex B (ISDN) ADSL2+: ITU-T G.992.5 Annex M (Symmetrical services)

While the ADSL2 standards specify a downstream frequency band up to 1.1 MHz, ADSL2+ specifies a downstream frequency up to 2.2 MHz. The result is a significant increase in data rates on shorter phone lines. ADSL2+ increases downstream data rates up to 25 Mbps.

1.2 Main features

EDA offers the following features: Cost-effective ADSL deployment 288 ADSL, ADSL2 or ADSL2+ lines in one single chassis 99.999% service availability uptime Full range of data, video and voice services supported
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Supports baseband POTS, baseband ISDN and telephony over IP Wide range of access methods supported Multicast support (IGMP snooping) IGMP white list Single ended line test (SELT); built-in algorithm, measuring line quality before activating ADSL Loop diagnostics (LD) test: advanced testing of both IP DSLAM and CPE ILMI support for remote CPE configuration Advanced security mechanisms ETSI compliant outdoor solution Comprehensive quality of service features Local craft tool for on-site installation, testing and provisioning

2.0 ETHERNET DSL ARCHITECTURE

The Ethernet DSL Access solution deploys an access network with switched Ethernet. The following paragraphs describe in detail the components of the EDA solution with emphasis on the cornerstone of the system the IP DSLAM.

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Figure 4-1 Ethernet DSL architecture. The figure above shows a network with the 12-line IP DSLAM EDN312 and the 288-line IP DSLAM EDN288, which comprises 24 EDN312 and one Ethernet controller. The IP DSLAM EDN312 has a built-in filter and a splitter, which enables baseband telephony solutions by separating voice and data traffic. The IP DSLAMs and the aggregation nodes are managed by the public Ethernet manager (PEM) via SNMP.

2.1 AGGREGATION NODE

An aggregation node provides layer-2 Ethernet switching with built-in power over Ethernet (PoE). Furthermore, the node may automatically load software into the IP DSLAMs. An access domain contains the EDA network elements and it is based on switched Ethernet technology creating a network around a number of aggregation nodes. Ethernet switching facilitates a significant increase in bandwidth by enabling simultaneous switching of data packets between ports, and segmenting the network into different broadcast domains. Furthermore, an Ethernet switch may be able to perform more advanced functions regarding the traffic, such as prioritizing and traffic separation.

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A LAN is defined as a single broadcast domain. Therefore, when a user broadcast information on the LAN, every user on the LAN receives the broadcast. The virtual LAN (VLAN) standard describes how a LAN can be logically segmented into different layer-2 broadcast domains. In EDA, VLANs are used to separate services, such as data, video, and voice, into different service VLANs. To prevent unauthorized access to the service, end-users are solely connected to the service VLANs to which they have subscribed. The IP DSLAMs are connected towards the aggregation nodes using 100 Mbps Ethernet connections. The aggregation nodes have optical or electrical 1 Gbps Ethernet uplink ports. The number of aggregation nodes in an access domain depends on parameters such as the number of subscribers, the amount of traffic and redundancy requirements, the number of switch ports, and service level agreements with subscribers.

2.2 Ethernet controller

Another type of aggregation node is the Ethernet controller ECN320 with 24 fast Ethernet downlink ports and two electrical/optical Gigabit Ethernet uplink ports. The ECN320 feeds the IP DSLAMs with - 48 V using existing wires in the standard Ethernet cables according to the power over Ethernet (PoE) standard IEEE802.3af.

One large IP DSLAM

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EDA management proxy (EMP) is a built-in application in the Ethernet controller ECN320. EMP removes dependency of PEM during start-up and restart, and reduces the number of IP addresses needed in the management network as it defines the ECN320 and its connected network elements as one logical node. In this way there is only one management interface and one IP address. An aggregation node comprising an ECN320 and embedded network elements is named Ethernet access node (EAN).

Figure 4-2 Aggregation node with ECN320 The EAN above shows a number of network elements connected to an ECN320. The ECN can manage up to 2016 lines. This number of lines can be reached, if all the ECN320 downlink ports are used to aggregate ESN108 switches, and if each ESN108 aggregates 7 12-port EDN312 IP DSLAMs. If the EDN312s are connected directly to the downlink ports of ECN320, 288 ADSL lines will be available. If the connection between the management system and the ECN320 is lost, end-user traffic will continue. Once the link to the management system recovers, the ECN320 identifies itself to themmanagement system and receives the latest software and configuration data.

Inventory
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The EMP inventory function ensures that all embedded nodes are automatically registered by the ports to which they are connected, and not by their MAC addresses. This means that implementation, expansion and replacement of nodes are very user-friendly. It also means that the embedded nodes are automatically loaded with application software and a configuration file from the ECN320 and not from the management system, thus reducing management traffic in the network. The EAN only requires access to the PEM management system for software upgrade, synchronization, and for SNMP commands.

EMP entities
The EMP in the ECN320 contains the following servers: DHCP server for assigning local IP addresses to the embedded nodes FTP server for file transfer from the PEM management server into the EMP TFTP server for download of software into the embedded network elements SNTP server for time synchronization

Figure 4-3 EMP entities.

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Application software and configuration files for the network elements are stored in the ECN320. The EMP is also the primary alarm receiver for the network Elements

Local craft tools

The ECN320 contains an extensive number of functionalities for configuration, test, and service provisioning of EANs.

Characteristics
Main characteristics of an aggregation node with EMP: Auto-registration of network elements Network element software and configuration files are automatically loaded from the ECN320 One IP address per aggregation node Built-in local craft tool functionalities

2.3 IP DSLAM
The IP DSLAM is a complete DSLAM in a box, terminating 10 or 12 subscriber lines. The IP DSLAM converts and aggregates all incoming ADSL subscriber lines into one or two 100 Mbps Ethernet connections.

Figure 4-4 IP DSLAM protocol stack.

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As opposed to a traditional DSLAM system, the ATM layer in the ADSL protocol stack is terminated directly in the IP DSLAM. To ensure a secure network, the IP DSLAM is equipped with a filter to control the traffic to and from end-users.

Logical interfaces
Each subscriber may use up to 8 ATM permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) on the local loop. The maximum number of active PVCs in an IP DSLAM is limited to 36. Each PVC is individually configured with a service specification (UBR, CBR, VBR-rt or VBR-nrt) and a maximum bandwidth.

Figure 4-5 IP DSLAM logical interfaces.

The IP DSLAM distributes the traffic from the PVCs into different virtual local area networks (VLANs). Each PVC is usually mapped into a single VLAN, but it is possible to map several PVCs into the same VLAN. The figure above shows 8 PVCs mapped into 8 VLANs.
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Application software and a configuration file are loaded into the flash memory from a file server located in the ECN320 or the PEM domain server. The configuration file in the IP DSLAM configures ports, filters, services and other parameters.

IP DSLAM restart
When an IP DSLAM restarts, the boot software broadcasts a DHCP request. The DHCP server responds with an IP address for the IP DSLAM, the IP address of the domain file server and the names of and path to the application software and configuration files. The application software file name, which is stored in flash, iscompared with the file name received from the DHCP server. If the file names are identical, the application software will be fetched from the flash memory. If the file names are different, the IP DSLAM will download the application software from the domain file server and store it in the flash. The configuration file, which was also specified in the DHCP response, is downloaded from the domain file server and saved in flash.

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Figure 4-6 IP DSLAM restart.

Remote storage
If an IP DSLAM restarts during an ongoing CPE session, it is essential that configuration data is not lost. Remote storage ensures that configuration that should survive a restart is stored.

Figure 4-8 Remote storage. The IP DSLAM uses the domain file server as a remote storage device. The IP DSLAM will dynamically save data concerning ongoing CPE sessions. Each time a change occurs in the dynamic IP address table in the IP DSLAM, the IP address table is saved to the domain file server. The tables contain the MAC address, IP address and IP address lease time of the user equipment. Furthermore, traffic information counters are contained. If the IP DSLAM receives a restart command from PEM, it will always save CPE data via remote storage before executing the restart.

3.0 LINE AND LOOP TEST

EDA offers two methods for line testing: single ended line test (SELT) and loop diagnostics (LD).
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3.1 SINGLE ENDED LINE TEST

SELT uses advanced frequency and time domain analysis to estimate both the length of the local loop and possible ADSL service that can be carried through the local loop. Main figures will be shown in PEM and all detailed data can be exported for further processes. SELT can only be performed with no CPE modem connected.

3.2 LOOP DIAGNOSTICS

Loop diagnostics is an ADSL2 feature, (ITU G.992.3), that uses both the IP DSLAM and the customer premises equipment (CPE) to estimate the line quality. Main figures will be shown in PEM and all detailed data can be exported for further processing. Loop diagnostics requires a CPE modem to be connected that supports loop diagnostics.

4.0 LINK AGGREGATION AND REDUNDANCY

Aggregation in EDA is about ensuring end-users bandwidth. Load sharing and redundancy are some benefits coming from using link aggregation. EDN312x link aggregation allows double bandwidth to a node. ECN320 link aggregation allows double bandwidth to an EAN. ECN320 link redundancy ensures end-user traffic will continue when an ECN320 is down. Redundancy of an ENC320 is achieved by using the rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP). The RSTP can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links between switches, bridges or routers.
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The EDN312x versions have two uplink ports, which facilitate power supply redundancy, and either link aggregation or link redundancy as shown below.

Figure 4-7 Link aggregation and redundancy.

4.1 LINK AGGREGATION Downlink ports

Link aggregation between the ECN320 and the EDN312x is always done using the dynamic link aggregation control protocol (LACP). There is no difference between the two uplink ports of the EDN312x. It does not matter which port is connected to which aggregation switch port. The EDN312x draws power from one of the links. If the link that currently supplies the EDN312x is disconnected, or the power fails, the EDN312x will restart and draw power from the other link. The link aggregation enables link bandwidth up to 200 Mbps for a single EDN312x. The link that is first up will be used for all uplink traffic. The downlink traffic will be distributed by the ECN320

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between the two downlinks. Any of the ECN320 ports 1 - 24 can be used for aggregation, but only 6 trunks can be created simultaneously due to switch limitations.

Uplink ports
ECN320 port 25 and 26 can be configured to use dynamic or static link aggregation toward a second level aggregation switch. LACP is used for dynamic link aggregation.

4.2 LINK REDUNDANCY

When link redundancy is deployed, one ECN320 is configured as active and one ECN320 is configured as standby. During normal operation, all data and management traffic goes through the active ECN320. When the active ECN320, the uplink connection, or the link between the ECN320 and the EDN312x fails, the EDN312x will go over to unmanaged state, and all end-user traffic will be directed through the standby ECN320.

5.0 TELEPHONY OVER IP SCENARIO

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Figure 4-8 Telephony over IP.

Telephony over IP provides a number of independent phone lines on a single local loop, emulated on the ADSL link in order to provide derived telephony services. Telephony over IP may consequently be used to supply additional lines to customers, either alone or in combination with baseband POTS. In the latter case, up to three lines per subscriber can be supported, one as baseband POTS and two as telephony over IP, when the Ericsson HM250dp integrated access device (IAD) is used. Implementation of telephony over IP gives full advantage of the EDA system.

6.0 BASEBAND TELEPHONY SCENARIOS

There are three scenarios for implementation of baseband POTS or baseband ISDN. The first uses a 12-line IP DSLAM with integrated filter/splitter. The second and third scenarios use a 10-line IP DSLAM in connection with external filters/splitters. The filters and the splitter are designed according to ETSI specifications.

6.1 BASEBAND POTS/ISDN

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Figure 4-9 Baseband POTS/ISDN with EDN312. In this solution, the 12-line IP DSLAM EDN312 is mounted in a pre-cabled subrack and wired to the broadband MDF in the central office. This solution can be used with any exchange system. The IP DSLAM contains the necessary filters and a splitter and separates the ADSL signal and the baseband POTS/ISDN signal. The ECN320 is contained in the lower part of the subrack.

6.2 BASEBAND POTS USING EXTERNAL FILTER

In this solution, the 10-line IP DSLAM EDN110 and the external filter are mounted in a pre-cabled subrack. The external filter contains low-pass filters designed to protect the local exchange line circuitry from the ADSL signal.

Figure 4-10 Baseband POTS with EDN110. The 10-line POTS filter is designed for a 10-position KRONE LSA-plus connector and it is mounted between the IP DSLAM and the local exchange.

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6.3 PRE-CABLED SOLUTIONS

The following pre-cabled solutions are available: Micro pre-cabled subrack, covers 24/36 subscribers Small pre-cabled subrack, covers up to 80/96 subscribers Medium pre-cabled subrack, covers up to 240/288 subscribers Large-size cabinet solution, covers up to 720/1152 subscribers

The cabinet solutions are delivered with pre-cabled KRONE connectors. The Ethernet cables are mounted and ready for installation. The only connections needed are power (- 48 V), aggregation link and subscriber line interface cabling.

Micro pre-cabled subrack

Figure 4-11 Micro pre-cabled subrack. The micro pre-cabled subrack can be equipped with three EDN312s and an ESN108 Ethernet aggregation switch and provides 36 lines. The ESN108 supports power over Ethernet (PoE) on downlink ports and has optical uplink. Optionally, an FE-E1 converter for electrical Ethernet uplink via four E1 PCMs
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can replace one of the EDN312s. This option supports 24 lines as shown in the figure above. The 2 HU 19 subrack can be integrated into existing cabinets.

Small pre-cabled subrack

The subrack is pre-cabled with internal LAN cabling and is delivered with the ESN108 Ethernet aggregation switch supporting power over Ethernet (PoE). All that remains to be done is to plug in the IP DSLAMs and to connect - 48 V, Ethernet uplink and subscriber lines. The 5 HU 19 subrack can be mounted into an existing cabinet.

Figure 4-12 Small pre-cabled subrack. The unique scalability means, that this subrack covers the range between 10 to 80 subscribers using up to 8 EDN110 and 8 filters. It can also cover the range of 12 to 96 subscribers using EDN312. The figure shows the small pre-cabled subrack mounted with 8 EDN312 and the 8-port Ethernet switch ESN108.

Medium pre-cabled subrack

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Figure 4-13 Medium pre-cabled subrack with extension. The 11 HU 19 medium subrack for 288 subscribers houses 24 EDN312 and an ECN320. This node is called EDN288. A 15 HU 19 version for the EDN110 and filters is also available and it supports 240 subscribers. If redundancy is required, the medium cabinet is equipped with an extra ECN320 as shown above.

Large cabinet
This cabinet solution consists of an Ericsson BYB501 cabinet with dimensions HxWxD 2200 x 600 x 400 mm (46 HU). It houses up to 72 EDN110 and 3 ESN310 or 4 EDN288, and it supports up to 720 or 1152 subscriber.

Outdoor cabinet

Figure 4-14 Outdoor cabinet.

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The outdoor cabinet has the dimensions HxWxD 800 x 650 x 425 mm and scales from 12 to 96 ADSL subscribers. It is equipped with EDN312 and an ESN108 aggregation switch. Network connectivity is provided by a 100 Base-FX optical uplink. The outdoor cabinet can also be equipped with the FE-E1 converter.

7.0 ETHERNET CONVERSION 7.1 ETHERNET TO E1 CONVERSION

The fast Ethernet (FE) to E1 converter is a small, managed converter developed for EDA rollout where no Ethernet uplink is available. A cost-effective solution to this problem is to transport Ethernet traffic via vacant E1 lines using the FE-E1 converter.

Figure 4-15 Ethernet to E1 conversion. The FE-E1 converter is intended for installation at small sites with few subscribers. The 2-port power distribution unit typically feeds the FE-E1
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converter at the remote site where - 48 V is available. At the central site, any switch capable of Ethernet power feeding can be used for aggregation of the FEE1 converter.

7.2 ETHERNET TO ATM CONVERSION

The Ethernet to ATM gateways EXN401 and EXN410 are both developed to facilitate re-use of existing ATM core networks. The gateways support the migration of broadband access networks from traditional ATM over SDH/SONET to cost-efficient Ethernet, while preserving the quality of service and service availability. Ethernet frames are encapsulated (RFC2684 bridged mode) onto ATM AAL5 PVCs and transmitted via STM-1/OC-3 ports.

Figure 4-16 Ethernet to ATM conversion. Priority queues are used to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) needed for delay-sensitive applications like voice, video conference or video broadcast. VLAN can be used to separate traffic types and services, and to improve security. A mapping between VLAN priority and ATM service class can be defined to maintain the priority in both directions.

8.0 NETWORK EXAMPLE

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The network example below displays two different types of sites. At the remote site, there are a small number of subscribers and an IP DSLAM terminates them. The uplink is converted from Ethernet to PCM by the FE-E1 converter. Power is supplied to both the IP DSLAM and the FE-E1 converter from an 8-port Ethernet switch. A large number of subscribers are connected at the central site. An EAN terminates the subscriber lines. The Ethernet uplink is aggregated into the broadband network via Gigabit Ethernet. The FE-E1 converter at the central site terminates the PCM based uplink from the remote site and forwards the frames to the broadband network via the Ethernet switch.

Figure 4-17 Network example.

9.0 EXERCISE
1 What is the advantage of using Ethernet as the transmission technology in the EDA solution? 2 How is baseband telephony implemented in the EDA solution? 3 What is the function of EMP and what is the advantage of using it?
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4 How does an IP DSLAM get its IP address, and how does it fetch application software and configuration data? 5 What is the purpose of remote storage?

10.0 SOLUTION TO EXERCISE

1 The Ethernet technology is superior in important areas like scalability, simplicity, and equipment cost. Ethernet switches provide the capability to increase the aggregated LAN bandwidth dramatically. Furthermore, an Ethernet switch may be able to perform more advanced functions regarding the traffic, such as prioritizing and traffic separation. 2 If baseband telephony is implemented, filters must be used for separating the baseband signal from the ADSL signal. Two scenarios are possible: - Using the 12-line IP DSLAM EDN312 with built-in filters Using the 10-line IP DSLAM EDN110 with MDF filters

3 The function of EMP is to maintain the connected network elements by loading application software and configuration files into them. Some advantages of using EMP: - Automatic registration of network elements - Only one IP address for maintenance EMP can work without connection to PEM

4 Figure 1-7 describes how an IP address, application software and configuration data are fetched. 5 Remote storage ensures that an ongoing CPE session can be reestablished without loss of configuration data if an IP DSLAM restarts.
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