Notes of Oral Communication

Notes On
Report & Communication Psychology Subject: Oral Communication Submitted to: Ms. Humaira Bhatti Submitted by: Hassan Tahir Sial Roll no: 109-11003 BBA (Hons) 2nd Semester

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What is Report?
Report is information, which is transferred from one person to another or from one group of people to another. An account which is prepared for the benefits of others especially one that provides information through investigation. It is a statement about something heard, seen, done or real in regard to some problem, situation, proposed or suggestion. It is information, which is collected, examined and then arranged with a view to conveying it to others. It maybe with writers views and suggestions and without it.

Language and Style of Report

The language used in a report should be appropriate, proper and rather simple. The idea presented in a report should be relevant and about facts. The language should be easily understandable. Simple free style and simple words should be preferred.

Length of the report

The length of the report depends upon the subject. It maybe of any length long, short or medium. Irrelevant ideas and facts should be avoided because these may less/lose the effect of a report.

Types of report
Simple Report:
Simple reports include visit to some person to some place at a particular time meeting with someone or arrival of chief-guest.
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Routine Reports:
The incidents that happen almost everyday come in routine report. The statement lecture of a student of a college or university, the performance of the worker in a company or firm come in routine report.

Non-Routine Reports:
The act of terrorism, murder, or natural disaster would come in nonroutine reports. Routine reports are formal and formally addressed whereas non-routine reports have an informal style. They have no official tone. The reporter adopts a free style and frankly expresses his ideas and feelings. There are two types OF Non-Routine Reports

External Non-Routine Reports:

Visit report or investigation report is external non-routine report. These reports are basically official tone and style. The context or material is determined by the subject and by the reader. The content also depends upon its nature, whether it is legal or official.

Internal Non-Routine Reports:

If some external factors become the cause of damaging for an organization or company then it will call internal non-routine report. If some organization is facing problems, concerning funds the report prepared on it is called internal non-routine report.

Memoranda
A short note written as a remainder is called memoranda. It emphasizes courtesy. In letter, writing a formal style and tone is not present. There are no subtitles and excessive use of paragraphs in it. It is somewhat an informal way of conveying your ideas and feelings to others.



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Report writing
Parts of Report:
1Date
It is to be written on the right hand corner of the first page of the report.

2To
The person, persons or institution which asked for the report.

3From
The persons, persons or institutions providing the report.

4Object
It is the title or subject of the report on which the report is written.

5Introduction
In introduction you will introduce the topic and provide background if needed. The introduction only prepares the reader for the main text and the text should be understandable even without it. The reader can at a glance understand what actually the report is.

6Main text and Conclusion

The material should be arranged properly. The facts should be described by one and in different paragraphs. Nothing irrelevant should be mentioned in the report. The conclusion should also be relevant and to the point.

7Summary
It will generally come at the end of report. However, sometimes it is put at the beginning of the report. It should include only the relevant points.

8Suggestions and proposals

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If you want to give some suggestion, you can give after writing text, and conclusion.

Appendices
If you want to add further information to make your report effective, you can write it in appendices.

Communication Psychology
Psychology
The study of human behavior is called psychology.

Communication Psychology
Communication psychology actually is the judgment of behavior through interaction. Communication Psychology connects the material to the spiritual inner world to the outer world, creates a link between mental, and heart feelings of a person. Material----------------------- Needs of human behavior Spiritual------------------------ Soul requirement Inner world-------------------- what actually you are Outer world------------------- The happenings around you Mental------------------------- Reasoning Heart--------------------------- Feelings and emotions Communication is a basic as breathing. The disturbance in communication results in immediate and powerful reaction from a human being. The disturbance in communication becomes the great and solid reason of personality disorder. Family and social realities play a very important role in spoiling a personality gradually.
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Cruelty, injustice, poverty, these things exert pressure on human mind and heart and in a sense break him from inside. Family problems affect a person so much that he/she becomes unable to control him/herself. Family and social bitter realities incite the person to take refuge in the company psychologists. They try to find a spiritual pathway for themselves. Human obsessed predominated prevailed by individualities. They expect everything to be happened according to their own. They want to fill the picture of the world with their favorite colors. When their dreams do not take the shape of reality frustration, overcome them and fill their heart with negative emotions hatred, revenge, and cruelty. Psychology and spirituality have become failed and unable to cure and sort of real problems. They lay so much emphasis on individual. They compel the person to compromise to accept the system silently. The total person is on human who is already in trouble due to society and system. They do not sort out the real problem and do anything to end it. Dysfunctional communication results in dysfunctional life. Every individual in this world that he is separate from others impel him to act in accordance with it. He has a firm belief that he is quite different from the whole world. This belief also creates problem of communication. High mental barriers stop the process of communication. Ego also works in the same way. The greatest barrier for the process of the communication.

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Humans avoid communication in fear of getting hurt and revealing their inner self. Suppression of feelings and emotions overcome the quality of communication.

Aims of Communication Psychology

It puts burden on the system people and environment to bring a change. It also puts burden on individuals to incite them for a change and revolt against system. It lays emphasis on the inner self of a person. Human do not want to listen and change their selves. The aim of communication psychology is to create willingness in humans to share ideas and reveal their inner world.

Psychology means to understand the behavior and communication psychology not only understands but also compels a person to open his inner world for a positive change.

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