PROBABILITY ANALYSIS OF DETECTION

RANGE OF WIRELESS ADHOC SENSOR

NETWORK FOR RAYLEIGH FADING

Jaffer M M
Electronics and Communication Department
Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology
Bangalore, India
jaffer.me@gmail.com
Ms.M.Anitha
Telecommunication Communication Department
Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology
Bangalore, India
anitha_m_padela@yahoo.com


AbstractDetection range is one of important parameter of
wireless Ad-Hoc networks which will judge the performance of
wireless communication system. In order to make 100 percent
efficient communication system, we must need to analyze the
impact of fading medium on detection range. In present project
work we are analyzing the impact of Lognormal, Rayleigh and
Racian fading medium on detection range. We are also investing
the effect of standard deviation of lognormal shadowing on
detection range. We also present the simulation result with the
help of MATLAB simulation tool. Complete numerical and
simulated result will help to design more practical wireless Ad-
Hoc network
Keywords-component: Ad-Hoc network, Detection range,
Rayleigh fading, Racian fading, Lognormal shadowing, Standard
deviation.

I. INTRODUCTION
Target/event detection is one of the compelling applications of
wireless sensor networks. Detection is of interest for habitat
monitoring, security, surveillance and other defense
applications. The goal of such an application is to determine
whether a target/event is present or absent within the sensing
field. There are two fundamental metrics of interest for such
applications, the probability of missing an event and the
probability of a false alarm. The goal is to keep these two
metrics within pre-determined thresholds. The enhanced
sensing range from cooperation comes at the cost of increased
energy consumption from exchanging collaborative messages.
Cooperative decision fusion and data fusion algorithms have
been studied in [1, 2]. In the most efficient deterministic
deployment which places the sensors on equilateral triangular
grids, nearly 20% of the sensing region of each sensor is
covered by other sensors [3]. Thus, the disk coverage model
requires high sensor density while a large portion of the field
is covered with high redundancy. Although the virtual sensor
approach uses a smaller number of physical sensors to cover
the area, it increases the energy consumption of these sensors
for transmitting information for cooperative decision/data
fusion. The coverage problem in sensor network has been
studied under both the disk model and exposure model [4, 5].
They typically consider the coverage region of non-
cooperative sensors, i.e., only use exposure to the nearest
sensor to characterize the coverage quality. The exposure with
multiple sensors is studied in [6], where the minimal and
maximal exposure path is considered. In [7, 8], Wang et al.
introduce the information coverage concept and derive the
cooperative sensing coverage for parameter estimation
applications.
By extensive literature survey we can make the conclusion
that the reference paper [9] has done the analysis of the
detection range for deterministic channel but there is a lack of
analysis of detection range for fading medium which is more
practical fading scenario than present one. In the present
project work effect of Rayleigh fading, Racian fading and
lognormal shadowing on detection range is analyzed and
discussed.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In
Section 2, the preliminary assumptions and model are
provided. Analytical evaluation of mean communication range
is presented in Section 3. Section 4 describes the numerical and
simulation results. The paper is concluded in Section 5.
II. SYSTEM MODEL
We assume that there are N distributed sensors
i
s S e (
i = 1. . . N) which are monitoring the sensing area, where S is
the set of all sensors. We also assume that sensors know their
own locations. Each sensor collects its sensor reading
i
x , i = 1. .
. N. Assume there is a single target, which at any given time is
either present or absent according to some distribution at a
random location in the network. Depending on the hypothesis
of whether the target is present

or not

, the sensor
readings are given by

(1)

(2)
Where

is the received signal amplitude when target is

present and

is the background noise. We assume that the

Jaffer M M* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 8, Issue No. 1, 097 - 099
ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 97
I
J
A
E
S
T
background noise is zero mean Gaussian with variance of

.
We also assume that

the noise at different sensors, are

independent to each other.
III. ANALYSIS OF DETECTION RANGE
3.1 Analysis of Detection Range of Lognormal Shadow Fading
Channel
For Lognormal shadow fading we can write

(3)
Were

From equation (3) we can write

(4)
So missing probability

is given by

(5)
Let Threshold Probability be and

Probability

(6)
From equation (6) we can write

(7)
Let

(8)
Hence from equation (8) we can write

(9)
Let

= Z (10)
Hence

3.2 Analysis of Detection Range of Rayleigh Fading Channel
We have PDF of SNR given by [9]

(11)

Probability that SNR at d is given by

(12)
On further simplification we can write equation (12) as

(13)
Where

(14)
For

(15)
From equation (13), (14) and (15) we can write

(16)
3.3 Analysis of Detection Range of Racian Fading Channel
We have PDF of SNR given by [main]

(17)
Were

Were

is Average SNR at distance d probability that SNR ()

at is given by

(18)
On further simplification of equation (18) we can get

(19)
For

(20)
Let

(21)
From equation (19), (20) and (21) we can write

(22)
4. NUMERICAL AND SIMULATION RESULT
The numerical and simulation results are obtained from the
analytical model using MATLAB. The system parameters are
selected as follows: K=10dB,
tx
P =1mWatt, W=0.01mWatt, v
=10dB. The parameters such as m, , o , and o are selected
suitably. We choose a random number of nodes according to
Poisson process and the nodes are placed over the simulation
area according to a random uniform distribution.
Jaffer M M* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 8, Issue No. 1, 097 - 099
ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 98
I
J
A
E
S
T

Figure 1 Rayleigh Fading

Figure 2 Comparisons of Rayleigh and Rician Fadings

5. CONCLUSION
This project work studied several analysis of
Detection Range for any wireless sensor node present in
different fading scenario. This project work also analyzed the
impact of several fading parameters on Detection Range to
give a more practical result for any wireless node comprising
detection range. This project work also has verified
mathematical model with simulation tool using Mat-lab. The
complete theoretical as well as simulative result give the
insight of more practical wireless communication model
which will help for future research work. The concerned
project work can be extended to Nakagami Fading model
which will give more practical scenario of fading medium.
This project work can be even extended to MIMO, as well as
diversity scheme to enhance the performance while
overcoming the fading effect.

REFERENCES

[1] R. Brooks, P. Ramanathan, and A. Sayeed,
Distributed target classification and tracking in
sensor networks, Proceedings of IEEE, vol. 91, no.
8, pp. 11631171, 2003.
[2] F. Zhao, J. Liu, J. Liu, L. Guibas, and J. Reich,
Collaborative signal and information processing: An
information directed approach, Proceedings of the
IEEE, vol. 91, no. 8.
[3] R. Williams, The Geometrical Foundation of
Natural Structure: A Source Book of Design. Dover
Publications, 1979.
[4] S. Meguerdichian, F. Koushanfar, M. Potkonjak, and
M.Srivastava, Coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc
sensor network, in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM,
2001.
[5] D.Tian and N.D.Georganas, A coverage-preserving
node scheduling scheme for large wireless sensor
networks, in Proceedings of ACM WSNA, 2002.
[6] G. Veltri, Q. Huang, G. Qu, and M. Potkonjak,
Minimal and maximal exposure path algorithms for
wireless embedded sensor networks, in Proceedings
of ACM Sensys, 2003.
[7] B. Wang, W. Wang, V. Srinivasan, and K. C. Chua,
Information coverage and its applications in sensor
networks, IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 9, no.
11, pp. 967969, 2005.
[8] B. Wang, K. C. Chua, V. Srinivasan, and W. Wang,
Scheduling sensor activity for point information
coverage in wireless sensor networks, in
Proceedings of WiOpt, 2006.
[9] A.V. Babu and Mukesh Kumar Singh, Node
isolation probability of wireless adhoc networks in
Nakagami fading channel, International journal of
Computer Networks & Communications,Vol 2,March
2010

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ATTENUATION CONSTANT ALPHA
D
E
T
E
C
T
I
O
N

R
A
N
G
E

d

ptx =.1
ptx =.3
ptx=.5
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
50
100
150
200
250
ATTENUATION CONSTANT ALPHA
D
E
T
E
C
T
I
O
N

R
A
N
G
E

d

rayleigh ptx = .1
rayleigh ptx = .3
racian ptx = .1
racian ptx = .3
Jaffer M M* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 8, Issue No. 1, 097 - 099
ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 99
I
J
A
E
S
T