Advice (), Obligation (

) Necessity (
)
should, ought to, must, have to, have got
to, need
*

(Advice)

should, ought to

should
should/ ought to = that course of action would be a good idea; it would be
the best thing to do.
should

ought

to

(
)/ ()
should
ought to present time () future time
- . You should/ ought to try and lose some weight.
. We should /ought to be leaving soon.
. You shouldnt/ oughtnt to take any notice of him. He always upset you.
. Should we/ Ought we to tell Ann where were going?
should ought to I think../ Do you think..?/ Dont you think..?

- Dont you think you should/ ought to stop seeing him?

(Implied Condition) If clause (If I were
you) I ought to
I should
- Everythings going to be all right. I should stop worrying about it. (if I were
you)
*

must

strong

advice,

strong

recommendations

present time () future time

- . You must go and see that film, its fantastic.
. You really must try to forget him.
. You mustnt let him talk to you like that.
. We must go and visit them more often.
. You must come and stay with us sometime. (must casual

invitation (
)
)

should () ought to + perfect infinitive

- . I should have stayed at home. (

)
. You shouldnt have said that.
. They shouldnt have been talking when the exam started.
. Should I have phoned you back?
*

must,

mustnt

()

have

to

obligation

) have

to modal verb
ordinary verb verb

must

have

to

- have

to-

(obligation)

external

. We have to get up early tomorrow to catch the plane.

( obligation
)
must obligation /
- . We must get up early tomorrow; weve got a lot to do.
(

)
. Passengers must fasten their seat belts.
(obligation notice airline
)

( Subject

Must

Have to

. Children must wear school uniform at all times when they are in school.
( Subject

)
. You mustnt smoke in here. ( in here

)

. Well have to get there before 5 oclock because the shops close then.
. Do you have to pay for the tickets in advance?
* Have got to obligation
have

got to
have

to

have

to

have

got

to

have

to

(habitual

actions)

(single actions)
- . I have to get the bus into work today.
. I have to get the bus into work everyday.
have got to single actions habitual actions

- I have got to get the bus into work today
I have got to get the bus into work everyday

obligation

mustnt

dont

have to
Dont have to
- . You mustnt wait here.
(
)
. You dont have to wait here.
(

 had to
- . I had to report the incident to the police.
. Did you have to get a visa?
Note
must + perfect infinitive

- She must have left early

* need
need modal verb

- . You neednt come if you dont want to.
. Need I bring anything with me?
need

ordinary

verb

to-infinitive

- . You dont need to come if you dont want to.

. Do I need to bring anything with me?
. Everyone needs to eat fresh fruit and vegetables.
. Ill need to buy some new clothes if I get that job.
neednt + perfect infinitive
() didnt need to/ didnt have to + infinitive
- . I neednt have gone to the station so early. The train was nearly an hour
late.
(

)
. We didnt need to/ didnt have to get up early this morning because we
had no lecture.
( )
Note
need + perfect infinitive

A.M.K.