R-ASTR-S-140-66 A u g u s t 5, 1966

T E C H N I C A L INFORMATION SUMMARY

P r e p a r e d by:

R-AERO-P . R -ASTR-S R-PPIVE-VNCI

MSFC

- Form 454 ( R e v i s e d September 1 9 6 1 )

AS-202 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SM AY U MR This r e p o r t o u t l i n e s , through a s e r i e s of s k e t c h e s w i t h accompanying t e x t , The s k e t c h e s i n t h e g e n e r a l f e a t u r e s of Apollo S a t u r n Space Vehicle AS-202. t h i s summary a r e devoted p r i m a r i l y t o t h e Launch Vehicle, b u t a l s o p r e s e n t l i m i t e d i n ormation on t h e launch p r e p a r a t i o n s , t h e Launch F a c i l i t y , and t h e Spacecraft

1. M i s s i o n Purpose:
The b a s i c purpose of t h e AS-202 m i s s i o n i s t o demonstrate t h e c o m p a t i b i l i t y between t h e u p r a t e d S a t u r n I launch v e h i c l e and t h e Apollo S p a c e c r a f t , and t o e v a l u a t e t h e performance of t h e launch v e h i c l e and s p a c e c r a f t subsystems i n p r e p a r a t i o n f o r manned o r b i t a l m i s s i o n s . The m i s s i o n ' s purpose i s achieved through t h e accomplishment of d e t a i l e d m i s s i o n o b j e c t i v e s . 2. Mission o b j e c t i v e s :

a . Demonstrate s t r u c t u r a l i n t e g r i t y and c o m p a t i b i l i t y of t h e launch v e h i c l e and s p a c e c r a f t and confirm s t r u c t u r a l l o a d s and dynamic c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . b. Demonstrate (1) (2) Command Module. separation of:

S-IB from S-IVB/Instrument U n i t ( I U ) / S p a c e c r a f t . Launch Escape Tower w i t h b o o s t p r o t e c t i v e cover from t h e

(3)

Command/Service Module from S-IVB/IU/Lunar Module Adapter. Command Module from S e r v i c e Module.

(4)
c.

V e r i f y o p e r a t i o n of t h e f o l l o w i n g subsystems:

(1) Launch v e h i c l e ; p r o p u l s i o n , guidance and c o n t r o l , e l e c t r i c a l , i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n , sequencing, and s e c u r e range s a f e t y command. (2) S p a c e c r a f t ; Command Module adequacy f o r r e e n t r y from low e a r t h o r b i t , S e r v i c e Module p r o p u l s i o n ( i n c l u d i n g r e s t a r t ) , environmental c o n t r o l ( p r e s s u r e and t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l ) , communications ( p a r t i a l ) , command and S e r v i c e Module r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l , s t a b i l i z a t i o n and c o n t r o l , e l e c t r i c a l power ( p a r t i a l ) , and e a r t h l a n d i n g . d. E v a l u a t e performance of t h e s p a c e v e h i c l e Emergency D e t e c t i o n System i n a c l o s e d loop c o n f i g u r a t i o n .

E v a l u a t e performance of t h e Command Module h e a t s h i e l d a t a h i g h h e a t rate d u r i n g r e e n t r y . e. f . Demonstrate t h e m i s s i o n s u p p o r t f a c i l i t i e s r e q u i r e d f o r launch, m i s s i o n o p e r a t i o n and Command Module recovery.

3 . PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AS-202 AND AS-201

a. Hardware:

1. T e l e v i s i o n system l o c a t e d i n t h e I U and S p a c e c r a f t Adapter f o r viewing S p a c e c r a f t s e p a r a t i o n and a d a p t e r panel deployment.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Third t h r u s t OK s w i t c h added t o S-IB Emergency D e t e c t i o n System. F i l t e r s added i n C o n t r o l S i g n a l P r o c e s s o r . Mod 2 Switch S e l e c t o r s added (Mod I on AS-201). Secure Range S a f e t y System added (DRW
R&D Command System d e l e t e d from I U .

1 3 on AS-201).

7.
i n IU.

One C o n t r o l Accelerometer Assy. r e l o c a t e d (mounted on c o l d p l a t e ) .

8.
b.

Heavier s p a c e c r a f t .

Systems:

1. Emergency D e t e c t i o n System t o b e flown i n c l o s e d loop c o n f i g u r a t i o n .

2. E a r l y S p a c e c r a f t sepziration. S-IVB bulkhead p r e s s u r e t e s t and 75" r o l l maneuver a f t e r S p a c e c r a f t (6 s e c .

3.
separation. 4. on AS-201).
5.

Three seconds between i n b o a r d and outboard e n g i n e c u t o f f . L a t e r Engine Mixture R a t i o s h i f t .

4. Mission P r o f i l e
The Apollo-Saturn 202 Mission w i l l b e a n o n - o r b i t a l , unmanned, superc i r c u l a r e n t r y , "lob-typeu f l i g h t . As-202 w i l l b e launched from Launch Complex 34 a t Cape Kennedy a t a launch azimuth of 100' E. of N. and r o l l e d t o a 105" f l i g h t azimuth and f o l l o w an S-IB f l i g h t p r o f i l e c l o s e t o t h a t of a nominal o r b i t a l mission. A f t e r S-IB s e p a r a t i o n , t h e S-IVB/IU/Spacecraft i s p r o p e l l e d i n t o a "lob-typer1 b a l l i s t i c t r a j e c t o r y . The S-IVB f l i g h t p r o f i l e i s optimized t o p r o v i d e maximum S p a c e c r a f t r e e n t r y v e i o c i t y w i t h i n t h e r e q u i r e d r e e n t r y . 11 11 g l o a d i n g and t o t a l range c o n s t r a i n t s . Following S p a c e c r a f t s e p a r a t i o n t h e S e r v i c e P r o p u l s i o n System w i l l b e e x e r c i s e d f o u r t i m e s ; two b u r n s t o e f f e c t e n t r y c o n d i t i o n s and two a d d i t i o n a l burns t o demonstrate r e s t a r t c a p a b i l i t y .

Ninety seconds a f t e r S-IVB e n g i n e c u t o f f t h e S-IVB L X t a n k w i l l b e v e n t e d O This t e s t may r e s u l t i n bulkhead r e v e r s a l while t h e LH2 t a n k remains p r e s s u r i z e d . and subsequent d e s t r u c t i o n of t h e s t a g e p r i o r t o r e e n t r y . One hundred seconds a f t e r S-IVB e n g i n e c u t o f f t h e S-IVB w i l l b e r o l l e d 75" clockwise ( a s viewed from t h e r e a r ) f o r improved ground s t a t i o n t e l e m e t r y a c q u i s i t i o n during t h e bulkhead pressure experiment. This maneuver w i l l t a k e about 150 seconds.
A l l a v a i l a b l e Launch V e h i c l e N a l t e r n a t e m i s s i o n i s planned f o r AS-202. o performance h a s been a l l o c a t e d , except f o r p e r f o m a n c ~r e s e r v e s . Limited 11 one engine out" c a p a b i l i t y e x i s t s d u r i n g t h e l a t e r p o r t i o n of S-IB powered f l i g h t . Should S-IVB s t a g e underperformance o c c u r , t h e i n i t i a l S e r v i c e P r o p u l s i o n System burn w i l l b e extended t o o b t a i n an a c c e p t a b l e S p a c e c r a f t t r a j e c t o r y .

This m i s s i o n w i l l e x e r c i s e a two ocean recovery f o r c e . This f o r c e i n c l u d e s the A t l a n t i c Recovery C o n t r o l Center l o c a t e d a t Cape Kennedy and t h e P a c i f i c Recovery C o n t r o l Center a t Kunia, Hawaii. Normal recovery of t h e Command Xodule i s planned i n t h e v i c i n i t y of Wake I s l a n d .

--

4rbond Ranqa ( ~ m )

DISTRIBUTION DIR DIR-T

I-DIR

I-IB-MGR

I-IB-B I-IB-G I-IB-T I-IB-S-IB I-IB-U I-K I-E-A I-MO-MGR I-KO-F I - M I CH-D R-DIR R- OM R-TO R-RP-DIR R-AERO-P R-P &VE R-ASTR R-CCMP-RP R-ME-DIR R-QUAL- J R-TEST-S PA KS C MSFCIDAC through R-ASTR-BV/DAC DAC/H IBE-H IBM-H CCSDIM

D r . von Braun D r . Rees M r . Neubert Gen. O1Connor D r . Mrazek D r . F a r i s h (50) M r . James Col. T e i r M r . Vreuls ( 2 ) M r . Dunlap (3) M r . Fikes (3) M r . Thompson (3) M r . Simmons ( 3 ) M r . Montgomery (10) Mrs. Watson (25) D r . Speer (10) M r . Casey (10) M r . Quinton (25) M r . Weidner (2) M r . F e l l o w s (5) M r . Richard D r . Stuhlinger M r . Teague (60) E (All Supervisors) E (All Supervisors) M r . Cochran ( 6 ) M r . Kuers (10) M r . K l a u s s (10) M r . D r i s c o l l (5) M r . Jones M r . Williams (250)

Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr.

French (20) P. Dixon ( 5 ) C. L. M a r t i n (20) Robin (10) J u e n g l i n g (5)

A d d i t i o n a l c o p i e s of t h i s r e p o r t may b e o b t a i n e d from t h e f o l l o w i n g personnel: R-AERO-P R-ASTR- S R-P &VE-VNC

R. Teague, 876-4443 E. Noel, 876-1860 0. E . Moon, 876-5585

Bldg 42001408 Bldg 44871AA211 Bldg 461011091

Intentionally Left Blank

LIST O F FIGURES Figure GENERAL AS-202 Space Vehicle Title Page

........................ Launch Complex .34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LC-34 Integrated Launch ESE Block D i a g r a m . . . . . . . . . . . LC-34 P r o p e l l a n t and P r e s s u r i z a t i o n Subsystems . . . . . . . . . LC-34 Configuration ........................ Launch Countdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guidance and Control S y s t e m Block D i a g r a m . Guidance and Control S y s t e m Information . . . Vehicle Contr 01 System Inf orrna tion . . . . . . Vehicle Tracking and Television S y s t e m s . . .
Tracking. T e l e m e t r y and Range safety' Coverage Space Vehicle Weight v s Flight Time

9 10
11

12 13

SPACE1 LAUNCH VEHICLE S e c u r e Range Safety Command System

. E m e r g e n c y Detection S y s t e m (EDS) . . . S-IB Stage Flight Sequencing . . . . . . S-IVB Stage Flight Sequencing . . . . . T r a j e c t o r y Information . . . . . . . .

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15

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18

19 20 23 24 25 27 29 31

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S-IB STAGE

. . . . H-I Operational Sequence . . . . H-I Engine S y s t e m . . . . . . . . S-IB Stage Propellant System

S-IB Stage Configuration

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S-IB s t a g e T h r u s t Vector Control S y s t e m

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33 34
35

37 39

LIST O F FIGURES

Figure 23 24 25

Title S-IB Stage M e a s u r i n g S y s t e m S-IB Stage T e l e m e t r y S y s t e m

. .

Page 40 41 42

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S-IB Stage E l e c t r i c a l Power and Distribution S y s t e m

.......

S- IVB S TAGE
S-IVB Stage Configuration

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45 47 49 51 53 55 56 57 58

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S-IVB Stage P r o p e l l a n t S y s t e m . . . . . . . S-IVB Stage P r o p e l l a n t Utilization S y s t e m . S-IVB Stage T h r u s t Vector Control S y s t e m . Auxiliary P r o p u l s i o n S y s t e m . . . . . . . . . S-IVB Stage M e a s u r i n g S y s t e m . . . . . . . S-IVB Stage T e l e m e t r y S y s t e m . . . . . . .
J - 2 Engine S y s t e m
INSTRUMENT UNIT I n s t r u m e n t Unit Configuration I n s t r u m e n t Unit M e a s u r i n g I n s t r u m e n t Unit T e l e m e t r y

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S-IVB Stage E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r and Distribution S y s t e m

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61 62 63 64 67

I n s t r u m e n t Unit E l e c t r i c a l Power and Distribution S y s t e m

I U / S-IVB E n v i r o n m e n t a l Control S y s t e m
NOSE CONE
40

..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S p a c e c r a f t 01 1 Configuration

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69 70 71 72

41 42 43

........ S p a c e c r a f t I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n S y s t e m (TM and M e a s . ) . . . . . . . . S p a c e c r a f t E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r and Distribution S y s t e m . . . . . . . .

C / M UHF Up-Data Link and M e a s u r e m e n t S u m m a r y

-&Eight
Launch Escape
systea 1 . ' 14

Separation Planes

Ij 1

Apollo

(Block 1 )

Laonc h
Vehicle 142.3'

Vehicle Overall

Length

\
AS-Zo2 space Vehicle

Fiqure 2

I
Launch Cornplex 3 4

I
I

r Launch Control

------- Ce:n+er( L C ~ )
(Block house)

- - - - - _ . - -

utornatic Ground Control Station (

A G ~

Launch Vehicle

Launch Director

Test Conductor

Instrument Unit

Stablization

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... ~_lec+vicalguPpov+
~~viprnenf

Figure

MSE FACILITY

PROPELLANT

6 - PRESSURIZATION -

SUBSYSTEMS

-2 1 GN
Storaqe 6,000 PSlG
GN2 50 PSlG

I- - - - - - - - - - - - Gaseous Helium From Supply Trailers

- - - - - - -- --- D

Compressors

Storage 6,000 PSI G

He

II
I
I
I

Pneumatic Control Distributor ,To RP-1, LO)( 6 LH2 Control Consoles To Environmental Control System

, Pneumatic To
Control

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&Q
aqe * T o 5 - 1 V B S t Servicinq Pneumatic

Gaseous Hydroqen From Portable

Recharqer
;

GH2 Storaqe 6,000 PSlG

Valve Panels

f l

GOX
LOX
LOX Transfer

LOX
( ~ o a dnq) i

Control
Subsystem

Pum PS

Pumps

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MSE

..-M e c h a n i c a l Support
Equipment -

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L C - 3 4 . P r o ellant and r*ocrurira8m ~ubsy<+em$

Q-eall fiotective cavev

Relase

&pollo Access A ~ r n

S i n q Arm

MO. I -~rrv1ce3 the S - 1 0Covucavd a ~ e oand +he S-IB inslmrned compav~mer\+s.(A~Ccv d i ~ c o n n e 3 in 5 coonietc~~lr)l~J)

0
L C 5 4 Conf iquration

Manual Sequence
Counttime in Uoorr

Automafic Sequence

Caun4time i n Seconds

Occurs:

--

Mold o r recycle +o 7-15 min.

81111%
-I

R F, TM, Prop., & # c

command checks

P'wev Tvan5tev 1e&r

I I

P/Dpe\Ian) lrandev ~ k o c k s =lore l0 Door

complete 5-16 Lox Loadinq

I
I

Move sevvics srvoc)um

64'~system o n

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No)P r

Arimuth AUqrrmenjm Find 4 4 ~ check W

Pvepavs)ien$

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5-16 Fool looding,

4 - I V ACT lord~nq, ~ and LV ordinance inska~la-tion aro undusled prior 40

~aunchday:

tanks

Powev hansfev

A
I

40idance mF.

release

All Enqinrs Ru

brqs

and Clush

pad are4 I I
0

I
-1635

-28s

- 34

I
Fi - ore 6 9

launch Countdown

LAUNCH VEHICLE SECURE RANGE SAFETY COMMAND SYSTEMS

The s e c u r e range s a f e t y command systems on t h e S-IB and S-IVB s t a g e s p r o v i d e a communications l i n k t o transmit'commands from ground s t a t i o n s t o t h e v e h i c l e d u r i n g powered f l i g h t , p r o v i d i n g a p o s i t i v e means of t e r m i n a t i n g t h e f l i g h t of a n e r r a t i c v e h i c l e by i n i t i a t i n g emergency engine c u t o f f and, i f n e c e s s a r y , p r o p e l l a n t dispersion. Both command r e c e i v e r s Each powered s t a g e c o n t a i n s two UKF r a d i o r e c e i v e r s . on each of t h e two s t a g e s respond t o t h e same command s i g n a l s , each p r o v i d i n g a backup system f o r t h e o t h e r . The s a f e t y and arming d e v i c e l o c a t e d on each s t a g e i s armed by a s i g n a l from t h e blockhouse b e f o r e v e h i c l e i g n i t i o n . Following SyIVB c u t o f f t h e S-IVB range s a f e t y system i s "safed" by a command from Range S a f e t y C o n t r o l t o preclude a c c i d e n t a l d e s t r u c t .
.

R o t a r y Solenoids Conta~ntnq e*plosiv. Icads

(bnttrry

* I)

L o w Tank

5-fV0 h . $

3-16S t g

(eattery

4 I)

1.0.t o

boo

waas output pourer; t h e n s w ~ t c h d to to,ooo w a t t s

30 5cC.

Secure Ron e S s W y Command %phn

EMERGENCY DETECTION SYSTEM (EDS) The purpose of t h e EDS i s t o s e n s e onboard emergency s i t u a t i o n s which a r i s e d u r i n g t h e b o o s t phase of t h e f l i g h t . The EDS i s comprised of s e n s o r s which d e t e c t m a l f u n c t i o n s and l o g i c c i r c u i t r y which i n i t i a t e s p a c e c r a f t d i s p l a y s and, i n two c a s e s , a u t o m a t i c a b o r t of t h e CM. With t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h e Q-ball, mounted on t o p of t h e LET, t h e EDS s e n s o r s a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e launch v e h i c l e . The s y s t e m ' s r e l a y l o g i c i s l o c a t e d p r i m a r i l y i n t h e I U EDS D i s t r i b u t o r and t h e CM Mission Events Sequence C o n t r o l l e r . The EDS h a s two modes of o p e r a t i o n ; "manual", which g e n e r a t e s a b o r t cues and "automatic" which i n i t i a t e s f i r i n g of t h e LES and CM s e p a r a t i o n i n t h e c a s e of two S-IB engines o u t o r a n g u l a r o v e r r a t e s d u r i n g S-IB powe r e d f l i g h t . F i g u r e 8 i s s i m p l i f i e d b l o c k diagram of t h e AS-202 EDS. The a u t o m a t i c a b o r t i n i t i a t i n g p o r t i o n of t h e system c o n s i s t s of t h e launch v e h i c l e ' s r a t e s e n s i n g subsystem, t h e S-IB s t a g e t h r u s t s e n s i n g subsystem and t h e s i g n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and p r o c e s s i n g hardware which s e r v i c e s t h e s e devices. The a n g u l a r o v e r r a t e s e n s o r s (3 p e r a x i s i n p i t c h , yaw, and r o l l ) w i l l i n i t i a t e automatic a b o r t of t h e CM d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d t h e y a r e e n a b l e d ( l i f t o f f t o about 135 seconds) whenever two s e n s o r s i n any one a x i s simult a n e o u s l y i n d i c a t e e x c e s s i v e r a t e s . D e t e c t i o n of t h e o v e r r a t e s i s made by t h e s e n s o r s w i t c h c i r c u i t r y of t h e C o n t r o l S i g n a l P r o c e s s o r i n t h e I U . The s e t t i n g s f o r t h e s e a n g u l a r r a t e d e t e c t o r s a r e 5 d e g r e e s p e r second i n p i t c h and yaw and 20 degrees p e r second i n r o l l . The m a j o r i t y v o t i n g of t h e t h r e e s w i t c h o u t p u t s i n each a x i s i s done by r e l a y l o g i c i n t h e EDS D i s t r i b u t o r . A v a l i d e x c e s s r a t e d e c i s i o n i s forwarded by t h e EDS D i s t r i b u t o r t o t h e CM Mission Events Sequence C o n t r o l l e r f o r a b o r t i n i t i a t i o n . The S-IB s t a g e engine t h r u s t OK s e n s o r s ( t h r e e p e r e n g i n e on a l l e i g h t engines) w i l l a l s o i n i t i a t e abort during t h e period they a r e enabled ( l i f t o f f t o about 136 seconds) when t h e v o t e d o u t p u t of t h e s e n s o r s from any two e n g i n e s i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e t h r u s t of t h o s e e n g i n e s i s below t h e 89% l e v e l . These s e n s o r s monitor t h e H-1 e n g i n e ' s f u e l pump d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e . M a j o r i t y v o t i n g of t h e t h r e e s e n s o r s f o r each engine i s done i n t h e EDS D i s t r i b u t o r . A v a l i d two engines o u t d e c i s i o n i s s e n t t o t h e Mission Events Sequence C o n t r o l l e r f o r CM a b o r t i n i t i a t i o n . I n c a s e of a u t o m a t i c a b o r t i t should b e n o t e d t h a t S-IB e n g i n e c u t o f f command cannot b e given u n t i l 60 seconds a f t e r l i f t o f f . A f t e r about 136 seconds of f l i g h t , a b o r t can be given only by ground command. A f t e r LET j e t t i s o n t h e S p r o v i d e s t h e p r o p u l s i v e power f o r CM a b o r t . M

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Information

GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM (G&C) Function and D e s c r i p t i o n The G&C s y s t e m p r o v i d e s t h e s e b a s i c f u n c t i o n s d u r i n g f l i g h t : (1) s e q u e n c i n g s i g n a l s , (2) s t a b l e p o s i t i o n i n g of t h e v e h i c l e t o t h e command p o s i t i o n w i t h a minimum amount of s l o s h i n g s a n d b e n d i n g , ( 3 ) a f i r s t s t a g e t i l t program which g i v e s a n e a r z e r o l i f t t r a j 2 c t p r y t h r o u g h t h e atmosphere and p r o d u c e s r e a s o n a b l e end c o n d i t i o n s a t Outboard Engiae Cutoff (OECO), (4) r e d u c t i o n of wind l o a d s d u r i n g t h e high dynamic p r e s s u r e r e g i o n , (5) s t e e r i n g commands d u r i n g S-IVB b u r n which guide t h e v e h i c l e t o a p r e d e t e r m i n e d s e t of end c o n d i t i o n s w h i l e m a i n t a i n i n g a minimum p r o p e l l a n t t r a j e c t o r y , (6) f i n a l c u t o f f s i g n a l , (7) a t t i t u d e s i g n a l s f o r t h e s e n s i n g , computing, and a c t u a t i o n e l e m e n t s of t h e G&C system. A b l o c k diagram of t h e hardware u s e d t o implement t h e s e f u n c t i o n s i s shown i n F i g u r e 12. The S t a b i l i z e d P l a t f o r m (ST-124M) i s a t h r e e gimbal c o n f i g u r a t i o n w i t h g a s bearing g y r o s and a c c e l e r o m e t e r s mounted on t h e s t a b l e e l e m e n t . V e h i c l e a c c e l e r a t i o n s and r o t a t i o n s are s e n s e d r e l a t i v e t o t h i s s t a b l e e l e m e n t . Gimbal a n g l e s are measured by redundant r e s o l v e r s and i n e r t i a l v e l o c i t y i s o b t a i n e d from a c c e l e r o m e t e r head r o t a t i o n i n t h e form of e n c o d e r o u t p u t s ( a l s o r e d u n d a n t ) .

The Launch V e h i c l e Data Adapter (LVDA) i s a n i n p u t - o u t p u t d e v i c e f o r t h e These two components a r e d i g i t a l d e v i c e s which o p e r a t e i n c o n j u c t i o n t o c a r r y o u t t h e f l i g h t program. T h i s program performs t h e f o l l o w i n g f u n c t i o n s : (1) P r o c e s s e s t h e i n p u t s from t h e ST-124K, (2) performs n a v i g a t i o n c a l c u l a t i o n s , ( 3 ) p r o v i d e s f i r s t s t a g e t i l t program, (See F i g u r e 1 4 ) , ( 4 ) c a l c u l a t e s IGM s t e e r i n g commands, ( 5 ) r e s o l v e s gimbal a n g l e s and s t e e r i n g commands i n t o t h e v e h i c l e s y s t e m f o r a t t i t u d e e r r o r commands, ( 6 ) i s s u e s c u t o f f and s e q u e n c i n g signals.
LVDC-

The C o n t r o l A c c e l e r o m e t e r s a r e s p r i n g mass d e v i c e s which s u p p l y s i g n a l s t o t h e C o n t r o l Computer d u r i n g S - I B b u r n . These s i g n a l s a r e p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e aerodynamic l i f t f o r c e s a c t i n g on t h e v e h i c l e . The Control/EDS R a t e Gyro Package c o n t a i n s 9 g y r o s ( t r i p l e x r e d u n d a n t i n 3 a x e s ) . T h e i r o u t p u t s go t o t h e C o n t r o l S i g n a l P r o c e s s o r (CSP) where they a r e v o t e d and s e n t t o t h e C o n t r o l Computer f o r damping v e h i c l e a n g u l a r motion. These o u t p u t s a r e a l s o p r o c e s s e d i n t h e CSP f o r u s e as a n a u t o m a t i c abort parameter. The C o n t r o l Computer s e n d s commands t o t h e S-IB and S-IVB e n g i n e a c t u a t o r s and t o t h e C o n t r o l Relay Packages b a s e d on s i g n a l s from t h e LVDA c o n t r o l a c c e l e r o m e t e r s , and r a t e g y r o s . These s i g n a l s a r e f i l t e r e d and s c a l e d (See F i g u r e l 3 ) , t h e n summed i n m a g n e t i c a m p l i f i e r s . T h i s computer p r o v i d e s r e d u n d a n t o p e r a t i o n d u r i n g S-IVB b u r n and c o a s t . The C o n t r o l Relay Packages a c c e p t C o n t r o l Computer commands and r e l a y t h e s e commands t o o p e r a t e p r o p e l l a n t v a l v e s i n t h e A u x i l i a r y P r o p u l s i o n System (APS). A l l r e l a y s and v a l v e s a r e r e d u n d a n t . The APS h a s 6 n o z z l e s ( t h r e e i n e a c h module) which o p e r a t e s p o n t a n e o u s l y when f u e l and o x i d i z e r a r e mixed.

The 8 h y d r a u l i c a c t u a t o r s of t h e S-IB s t a g e a r e used t o gimbal t h e outboard e n g i n e s and p r o v i d e c o n t r o l i n a l l axes. The two h y d r a u l i c a c t u a t o r s of t h e S-IVB s t a g e a r e used t o gimbal t h e 5-2 engine and p r o v i d e c o n t r o l i n p i t c h and yaw axes. The Switch S e l e c t o r s a r e used t o r e l a y sequencing commands from t h e L D VA t o o t h e r l o c a t i o n s i n t h e v e h i c l e . The c u t o f f s i g n a l and time based e v e n t s a r e i s s u e d through t h e Switch S e l e c t o r s . Operation The v e h i c l e i s e r e c t e d on t h e launch pad w i t h p o s i t i o n I a t a 100' E of The S t a b i l i z e d P l a t f o r m i s a l i g n e d t o 105O azimuth d u r i n g countdown and h e l d i n an e a r t h f i x e d p o s i t i o n , p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e g r a v i t y v e c t o r . A r o l l p r e s e t t i n g of 5' i s used t o e l i m i n a t e t h e a t t i t u d e e r r o r which would r e s u l t from t h i s d i f f e r e n c e i n azimuth. The L D o p e r a t e s i n ground r o u t i n e s VC p r i o r t o GRR and a t t i t u d e e r r o r s i g n a l s a r e s e t t o n u l l . A t t h e i n s t a n t of GRR, t h e p l a t f o r m becomes space f i x e d t o e s t a b l i s h t h e guidance c o o r d i n a t e VC system and t h e L D e n t e r s t h e f l i g h t mode. I n t h i s mode a c c e l e r o m e t e r p r o c e s s i n g , s t e e r i n g , n a v i g a t i o n , t e l e m e t r y , and o t h e r f u n c t i o n s a r e performed e x a c t l y a s they a r e a f t e r l i f t o f f .

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L i f t o f f s i g n a l (IU u m b i l i c a l d i s c o n n e c t ) i n i t i a t e s time b a s e 1. Ten seconds l a t e r , t h e p i t c h program s t a r t s and t h e i n i t i a l r o l l p r e s e t t i n g i s r e s e t t o z e r o . The v e h i c l e r o l l s i n t o alignment w i t h t h e p l a t f o r m a t 1/second. There i s no a c t i v e p a t h guidance d u r i n g S-IB burn. C o n t r o l i s m a i n t a i n e d by g i m b a l l i n g t h e f o u r outboard e n g i n e s on command from t h e C o n t r o l Computer. Sequencing s i g n a l s a r e i s s u e d t o t h e v a r i o u s s w i t c h s e l e c t o r s t o perform time dependent f u n c t i o n s . P r o p e l l a n t l e v e l s e n s i n g s i g n a l and O C a r e i n t e r r u p t s t o t h e L D EO VC which s t a r t time b a s e s 2 and 3 . P a t h guidance (IGM) b e g i n s about 29 seconds a f t e r OECO. S-IVB engine c u t o f f i s i s s u e d based on t o t a l s p a c e f i x e d v e l o c i t y and s t a r t s time b a s e 4. The APS i s used f o r c o n t r o l i n a l l axes d u r i n g S-IVB c o a s t .

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AS-202 C o n t r o l System Design O b j e c t i v e s The d e s i g n o b j e c t i v e s used i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e c o n t r o l g a i n s and s h a p i n g networks d u r i n g b o t h S-IB and S-IVB s t a g e b u r n a r e t o p r o v i d e a d e q u a t e v e h i c l e r e s p o n s e and s t a b i l i t y m a r g i n s t h r o u g h o u t f l i g h t . P a s s i v e s h a p i n g networks a r e used i n t h e a t t i t u d e e r r o r and a t t i t u d e r a t e c h a n n e l s . A c t i v e s h a p i n g i s used i n t h e a c c e l e r o m e t e r c h a n n e l s . The n e t w o r k s a r e t u n e d t o p r o v i d e minimum p h a s e l a g a t s l o s h f r e q u e n c i e s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h g a i n s t a b i l i z i n g a l l bending modes e x c e p t t h e f i r s t bending mode d u r i n g S-IB s t a g e b u r n . The f i r s t bending mode d u r i n g S-IB s t a g e b u r n i s p h a s e stabilized.

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VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEMS

1. Aiusa and.C-Band'Radar.Systems.
The Azusa ground s t a t i o n determines s u c c e s s i v e t r a j e c t o r y p o s i t i o n s of t h e v e h i c l e by continuous phase comparison between t h e s i g n a l s t r a n s m i t t e d t o t h e r e c e i v e r from t h e onboard t r a n s p o n d e r . The C-Band Radar Transponder onboard t h e v e h i c l e p r o v i d e s (upon i n t e r r o g a t i o n from t h e ground) a s i n g l e p u l s e r e p l y t o ground r a d a r system. T h i s s i g n a l i s f e d t o t h e ground computer complex t o o b t a i n p o s i t i o n , v e l o c i t y , and a c c e l e r a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n . T r a j e c t o r y d a t a from t h e launch v e h i c l e Azusa and C-Band a r e p r e s e n t e d on p l o t t i n g b o a r d s f o r t h e range s a f e t y o f f i c e r t o u s e i n determining " r e a l time" veh'icle t r a j e c t o r y I n a d d i t i o n , t h e launch v e h i c l e Azusa and C-Band a r e used f o r t h e parameters. p o s t f l i g h t d e t e r m i n a t i o n of t h e v e h i c l e t r a j e c t o r y .

2.

ODOP System

The v e h i c l e ' s ODOP t r a n s p o n d e r t r a n s m i t s a continuous wave s i g n a l ( a t 70 mc above t h e r e c e i v e d frequency) t o t h e ground r e c e i v i n g ' s t a t i o n s where t h e d o p p l e r s h i f t (due t o t h e r a d i a l a c c e l e r a t i o n of t h e v e h i c l e ) i s used t o p r o v i d e t r a j e c t o r y d a t a f o r t h e p o s t f l i g h t e v a l u a t i o n of v e h i c l e p e r formance. VEHICLE TELEVISION SYSTEF
A t e l e v i s i o n camera and f o u r l i g h t s a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e s p a c e c r a f t a d a p t e r f o r viewing Adapter p a n e l deployment and S p a c e c r a f t s e p a r a t i o n . The camera c o n t r o l u n i t and t r a n s m i t t i n g equipment a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e I n s t r u m e n t U n i t .

Receiver

Pulse
C- Band parator

Receiver

Note:
than

2500 watts

Radar
Svstem

each antenna

Transmit-- 5 7 6 5 rnc
5690 m c

C r y s t a l switch driven by Comparator Automatically selects stronqest r e c e i v e r s ' antenna for o u t p u t

DrCCevent Pulse Code C-Dbnd in fU

In4rumcnt llnit
18 V

~~k
~ C

E s e i h ~A ?+ ,
PlrlY

bivider

'~rmmi45 '1 -860

WaHr

zsvdc

Atusa
System

2% d c v None

Transponder

Transmit-- 5000 mc

- 2 .
watts

Receive - - S O 6 0 rnc

C- Band Radar Svstem

- a transponder -

Transmit

Receive

--

-- 5 7 6 5 mc

., 5 0 0

5 6 9 0 m c ~ waifs

S-IVB

Staqe

5-16 Staqe

ODOP

Transponder

Transmit--96Omc

System
(Offset

- 1
waft

Doppler Velocity

and P o s i t i o n )

11

Vehicle lrackinq and Te\evision systems

II

Intentionally Left Blank

DC
2 z e r L

S-I B / IVB Separation

N

144.7 s

cI'
Tracking[

ODOP ( 5 - 1 6 )

I
I

S- \0 Stage 1 m pact --

5 - l v g c .s . d 0

mi.4

cM Imoact Reentry
S-ivg/IU Impact
-4400s

2-

t-l-

--1

-- 1521 s

--I1

I
C- Band

I
(IU)

hLo,
- -1 / --

t:-

C - Band (Spacecraft)

Communicat~~rls Blac L o u t

117 I I

(- l o o ~ )

Cornmun i cations

E- -

S - ( 8 Range

Safety 6ys7em
System

I
S- I V B Range Safety

I
3
Coverqje

+===b

I.
Expected
Coverage by

affer 5-1LIB engine c u t 8

I
by
Downrange

Cape Stations C

Stations

Range Safdy covereqe

, - e l e m e t r ~and ~ ,

SPACE VEHICLE WEIGHT VS. FLIGHT TIME Propellant consumption during S-IB Stage flight ("145 seconds) is "886,000 pounds and during S-IVB Stage flight (-457 seconds) is "226,000 pounds. Propellant consumption during the 4 Apollo SPS burns (total of "326 seconds) is "21,500 pounds. In case one engine of the S-IB Stage malfunctions and is cut off during flight, the remaining engines will consume the propellant intended for the "dead" engine. Burning time of the stage would increase, and the overall vehicle performance loss would be minimized. Vehicle Weight Data (Approximate) Total Total Total Total Total Total Total at S-IB ignition at liftoff at S-IB O.E.C.0 at S-IVB ignition at S-IVB cutoff after CM/SM separation after CM separation Pounds

1,326,300 Ibs. (Total Vehicle a t Iqnition)

{,312,200 lbs- (Total Vehicle a t Liftoff)

(0 sec)

5-16 Propellant Consumption -6,200 Ibs,/sec.

900,000

600,000 Vehicle Weiqht

5-18 Stage Inboard Enqirle C u t o f f (

140.9 sec.)

S-I8 Separation (- 144.7 sec.)

5faqc Iqnition (-146.4 scc.) 3315,900 Ibs. LET Separatian (0,500 Ibs.) at L i f t o f f + 170 see. 296,400 Ibs.
S-1VB Propellant Consumption -496 Ibs./sec.

(Pounds)
300,000

S-IVB Staqe Enqine Cutoff (-601.6 81,200 Ibs.

80,000

see.)

,Spacecraft separation ( ~ 6 0 9 . 9sec.) 4 4 , 7 0 0 Ibs.

1st

SPS Burns (4)

LiftoCf ( 0 sec.)

200

400

Time (sec. f r o m L i f t o f f )

600

900

4000

4300

vs Fliqht Time

S-IB STAGE STRUCTURE The S-IB s t a g e c o n s i s t s of f o u r 70-inch d i a m e t e r f u e l c o n t a i n e r s mounted a l t e r n a t e l y w i t h f o u r 7.0-inch d i a m e t e r L X c o n t a i n e r s a r o u n d a 105-inch d i a m e t e r O L X c o n t a i n e r . The c o n t a i n e r s a r e s u p p o r t e d a t t h e b a s e by a t h r u s t s t r u c t u r e O assembly t o which a r e a f f i x e d e i g h t H-1 e n g i n e s . The s p i d e r beam assembly p r o v i d e s t h e s u p p o r t s t r u c t u r e a t t h e f o r w a r d end of t h e c o n t a i n e r s and s e r v e s a s a n a d a p t e r f o r t h e S-IVB i n t e r s t a g e . E i g h t f i n s a r e mounted a t t h e b a s e o f t h e S-IB s t a g e t o improve aerodynamic s t a b i l i t y , and p r o v i d e p r e - f l i g h t s u p p o r t , and holddown of t h e v e h i c l e . PROPULSION SYSTEM The f i r s t s t a g e of t h e l a u n c h v e h i c l e i s powered by a c l u s t e r of e i g h t Rocketdyne H-1 e n g i n e s d e v e l o p i n g a t o t a l s e a l e v e l t h r u s t of 1 , 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 pounds. Four e n g i n e s a r e mounted o u t b o a r d and f o u r i n b o a r d ; t h e f o u r o u t b o a r d e n g i n e s a r e gimbaled f o r v e h i c l e c o n t r o l . The p r o p e l l a n t s a r e LOX and RP-1. EJECTABLE C M R CAPSULES A EA Two e j e c t a b l e cameras a r e c a r r i e d onboard t h e S-IB s t a g e f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f v i e w i n g S-IBIS-IVB s t a g e s e p a r a t i o n and o t h e r phenomena a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p e r f o r m a n c e of t h e v e h i c l e d u r i n g s e p a r a t i o n . The camera e j e c t i o n s y s t e m c o n s i s t s of a h i g h - p r e s s u r e s t o r a g e s p h e r e , two s o l e n o i d c o n t r o l v a l v e s , two camera e j e c t i o ~ mechanisms, and t h e n e c e s s a r y v a l v e s , t u b i n g , and a s s o c i a t e d hardware. The camera c a p s u l e s a r e mounted i n t h e s e a l p l a t e a t t h e t o p of t h e S-IB s t a g e a n d w i l l b e e j e c t e d t w e n t y - f i v e s e c o n d s a f t e r S-IBIS-IVB s e p a r a t i o n . The c a p s u l e s w i l l f o l l o w a b a l l i . s t i c p a t h t o a n a l t i t u d e of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 4 , 0 0 0 f e e t . A t t h i s p o i n t , p a r a c h u t e s w i l l b e deployed t o d e c e l e r a t e t h e c a p s u l e s . lota at ion b a g s ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 20 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r w i t h a l t e r n a t e c o l o r e d p a n e l s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r a n g e and s i l v e r ) a r e p r o v i d e d t o keep t h e c a p s u l e s a f l o a t a f t e r impact. F o r r e c o v e r y , t h e c a p s u l e s a r e equipped w i t h SARAH t r a n s m i t t e r s t h a t o p e r a t e on a f r e q u e n c y of 242 mc, and have a b a t t e r y l i f e of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 30 h o u r s . The In e f f e c t i v e r a n g e of t h e t r a n s m i t t e r s i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w e n t y - f i v e m i l e s . a d d i t i o n , a dye marker i s a l s o r e l e a s e d t o a i d i n a e r i a l s i g h t i n g .

APS Modules ( 2 )

Instr- Corn

\
1

, S-NB AFC Skirt

I

Meas. I racks ~ l o c pwv. 4 dis+r. equip. .

.Su;tck
..I

,
(-1

sclec&v
A

-,- - - - - - ----- i"!

.S~?VB.
I1

i
Separation P l a n e

-.---

.---.-^ ----

, ! I! ,Retrorocket*
,T-s+v.

(4)
Compartment

F-l

Range Safetb

Telerne-trlj

A v e a Above Tanks (ewcepf

.-.-...-..
*

Motion picture c a m e v a s

EBW t i r i n g units

Commafid

(Transmit)

LOX and F ue\ Tank Avvanqemcn+

70 inch LOXand FuelTanks,

View L e o k i y h$+

II
Measuring racks D i s f v i but-ovs ~ e m o k i+al sub-muI+ipbwers d;,

i w

S y s tern Tunnel (4) (Electrical C a b l e ~ r u n k )

.Access D o o r s ( 8 )

L o r Fill 4 Dram

$10 Stage
o
1

Vh6qh.tl b~
Tuv bine

Dry :- 9 1,500

Lqfii+'lon: 1,003,800 Ibr

EY hauct

Fiyure

4 8

5-113Staqe

Confiquvation
7 2

H-1 ENGINE OPERATION

A s t a r t s i g n a l i g n i t e s t h e s o l i d p r o p e l l a n t g a s g e n e r a t o r (SPGG) which a c c e l e r a t e s t h e LOX and RP-1 pumps. I n c r e a s i n g f u e l p r e s s u r e opens t h e main LOX v a l v e which, i n t u r n , opens t h e sequence v a l v e p e r m i t t i n g f u e l p r e s s u r e t o r u p t u r e t h e h y p e r g o l i c c a r t r i d g e . Primary i g n i t i o n o c c u r s when t h e RP-1 and h y p e r g o l i c f l u i d c o n t a c t L X i n t h e t h r u s t chamber. The i n j e c t o r f u e l O p r e s s u r e opens t h e main RP-1 v a l v e a n d . p r o v i d e s p r o p e l l a n t f l o w t o t h e l i q u i d p r o p e l l a n t g a s g e n e r a t o r (LPGG) which s u s t a i n s t u r b i n e o p e r a t i o n .
The d i g i t a l computer i n i t i a t e s i n b o a r d e n g i n e c u t o f f 3 . 1 s e c o n d s a f t e r t h e p r o p e l l a n t l e v e l s e n s o r a c t u a t i o n . Outboard e n g i n e c u t o f f i s n o r m a l l y i n i t i a t e d by t h e LOX d e p l e t i o n p r o b e s , w i t h t h e f u e l d e p l e t i o n p r o b e s , t h e d i g i t a l computer, and t h e t h r u s t OK s w i t c h e s p r o v i d i n g backup c a p a b i l i t i e s . Both c u t o f f s i g n a l s a r e r o u t e d t h r o u g h t h e S-IB S t a g e s w i t c h s e l e c t o r . The c u t o f f s i g n a l opens t h e e x p l o s i v e l y a c t u a t e d Conax v a l v e e q u a l i z i n g t h e RP-1 p r e s s u r e a t t h e main L X v a l v e . The v a l v e c l o s e s t o i n t e r r u p t f u e l f l o w and O terminate engine operation.

SPGG I g n i t i o n SPGG Combust i o n Main L X Valve (Open) O Hypergol C a r t r i d g e R u p t u r e s Primary I g n i t i o n Main RP-1 Valve (open) Main I g n i t i o n ( S t a r t ) LPGG O p e r a t i o n Mainstage Thrust Conax Valve A c t u a t e s
0
1

6
hrust

2
set.

3
set.
I

I Iqnition
Command

sec.

sec.

Liftoff

Cutoff Signal

- T i m e from I g n i t i o n

*Time from C u t o f f

Fiaure 14

I [ [

H - f Operational

RP-I

LOX

Pressure System

LOX Tank

Mixture Ratio
LOX: RP-I, 2.23:l Thrust chamber

Pressurization

'
200,000 Ibs Thrust

RP-I

Preheat

Fisure

20

s
H- 1
Enqine System

S-IB STAGE PROPELLANT SYSTEM The S-IB Stage propellant system is composed of five LOX tanks, four RP-1 tanks, propellant lines, control valves, vents, and pressurization subsystems. The sumps of each group of tanks are interconnected to provide uniform propellant levels and pressures. Loading of LOX and RP-1 tanks is controlled by ground computers. After the RP-1 has been loaded and just before the start of LOX loading, ground source GN2 is bubbled through the RP-1 suction lines to prevent temperature stratification. At the start of the automatic sequence the RP-1 tanks are pressurized with ground source GN2. During S-IB burn, fuel tank pressurization is maintained by GHe from two 19.3 cubic foot spheres located above two of the fuel tanks. Sround source helium is bubbled through the LOX lines and tanks at the start of the automatic sequence to prevent temperature stratification in the engine LOX suction lines. Prior to engine ignition the bubbling is discontinued and the LOX tanks are pressurized with helium from a ground source. After liftoff, the LOX tank pressurization is maintained with GOX converted from LOX in the heat exchanger.

Start
P

Automatic

f o r R P - 1 Tank Pressurization

open 67.5 psia 60-62 psi close - 64psia 59.0 psia

/RP-1

Tank (4)

R P - I below

container

LOX below container

bottom at

bottom a t

Liftoff &5,700 Ibs.

Liftoff ~ 8 , 8 0 1bs 0

GHe from GSE for initial LOX Tank pressurization

--

infliqht pressurization

Total propellant a t l i f t o f f

^)

897,000 I b s -

T o t a l propellant consumed after liftoff

N

886,000 Ibs.

Fiqure 21

Propellant S y s t e m

S-IB STAGE THRUST VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Each of the four outboard H-1 engines is gimbal mounted on the stage thrust structure to provide engine thrust vectoring for vehicle attitude control and steering. Two hydraulic actuators are utilized to gimbal each engine in response to signals from the Flight Control Computer located in the ~nstrumentUnit. The actuators are part of an independent hydraulic system on each gimballed engine. Hydraulic fluid flows to the actuators from the high pressure accumulator and returns to the low pressure reservoir. The electric motor driven auxiliary pump operates only during prelaunch checkout of the thrust vector control system.

L o w Pressure

- - - -53 p-q- - si
Vehicle T h r u s t

Gimbal Point

Structure - A c t u a t o r Attachment Point

by Flight

movement as commanded Control Computer

Hydraulic A c t u a t o r (2)

Electric M o t o r

Drive at 11,300 i-prn Output 3.0 gpm

Actuators

I n b o a r d Enqine (4) Fixed Position;

Canted Outboard 3"

Fiqure 2 2

Control S y s t e m

* - 128 block housa mea. are also ~nfliqh*mea.

r
>

Note : Theve w e r e -498 inFli1ht aud 176

Lc

measuramtnt on S-Wl

Summary of
Infliqht

Measurements
S-

16-2
To R l o c k h o u s e t h r u p r e f l i g h t

1. L i q . L e v e l 2. Temperature 3. P r e g s u r ~ 4. S t r a i n 5. Vibration 6. S i g n a l s 7. Voltaqe, C u r r e v t , rreq. 8. M i s c e l l a n e o u s

Total
. *

22 165

data a c q u i s i t i o n system

98
63

124 63
20 26

LCC - lockho house)

521

%68*

T r a n s d u c e r or Siqnal S o u r c e s Thermocouple s t r a i n Gauqe Accelerometer ( Vibration)

Voltaqe, Sensor, etc.

M ring R a c k - e a s uS-It3 Stage \q in

/
IVcltaqo I Dividinql I Network1 I 28vdcI L - - _ J

S i q n a l s ( l i f t o f f , c.o.,
etc. )

P o t e n t i o m ~ t e rt y p e b pressure qauqe, l o n q . accel., e t c . )

*
I
I

1 I

I
1

0-5 V ~ C

\1

5 Vdc

I I I
I I

I
I L-----l

C o n t i n u o u s liquid level

DiqitaI

Data

TO Telemetry System

'5-113 Staqe Maasurinq System

Antennas

SS - Sinqle Sideband FM- Frequency Modulation DDAS- Diqital Data Acquisition S y s t e m PAM- Pulse A m p l i t u d e Modulation PCM -Pulse Code M o d u l a t i o n T M - Telemetry R F Radio Frequency

Command Signals From S-10 S t 8 q e 9~iich Salector

S-18,'s-IVB
Separation

Command S t a r t s timer
Time* A sS'Y ,(L6 S Q C )

'
Recordin) Command L.o. + 39

Stop record playback command sep. 26 s e c .

4
~ I O W S

see,

Multiplexer

~ ~ ~ Sj;FM AS'y

4 ASS^
RF

.c

/
r
Infernal switch;nq $ o r recordinq, f$y/!iired
transtnittinq

-4

F1 RF ~ss'y r
240.2 mc

252.4 r n ~

di&l bui~rs

dot4 .kom mrsruvin q

Vi btation

Tape Recorder

'

Ass'y

Hardwire to Blockhouse

A
Digital Data
input

F1 PAM ~ M / F M Ass'y

Remote

Diqital Data
input

measurinq p u ~ i i i ~ e x e d ip t r i b u t o t s r s

Switch Selector

From

I
Calibrator
To

FI, F2 $ P1 M u l t i p l e x e r

* ~ l s oc a r r i e s m u l t i p l e x e d data from F1 # F 2

s.16 ctaqe loremetry System

To Separation EBW

5 - I V B Staqa

28 vdr

TO all tail meas. d i s t .

------

P r o p u l ~ i o n System
Distributor

meas. racks and

Siqnals f r o m meas. racks and

To

meas. racks

F i g u r e 25

--

S-I6 Staqe E\eci'ric~lPower and D i s h i bution System

To 5-16 Stage Switch Selector

'
vdc
To both destruct s y s t e m controllers
Master Measuring Voltaqe SUP pi

dT5:

~nstrume*f C om partmtnf F-2

( Pressurized)

Tail Area (Unpressurired)

To

TM

System

Intentionally Left Blank

S-IVB STAGE STRUCTURE The S-IVB Stage consists basically of an aft interstage, an aft skirt, a structure, a divided propellant container and a forward skirt. Aft Interstage The aft interstage, also referred to as the S-IBIS-IVB interstago, is a semimoncoque structure which supports the S-IVB Stage, the Instrument Unit and the Apollo Spacecraft payload prior to the S-IBIS-IVB separation. The aft interstage provides mounting facilities for retro-motors. Four Thiokol TE-29-IB solid propellant retro-motors equally spaced circumferentially provide thrust to impart a negative acceleration to the S-IB Stage and the aft interstage after the explosive skin dutting separation at the aft interstage/aft skirt interface. Aft Skirt The aft skirt is a semimonocoque structure which attaches to the end of the cylindrical portion of the propellant container. The aft skirt houses electrical and electronic components as noted in figures 32, 33, and 34. Three Thiokol TX-280 solid propellant motors equally space circumferentially provide a positive acceleration to the S-IVB Stage to settle propellants for 5-2 engine start. The aft skirt also provides mounting hardware for two attitude control modules diametrically opposed. Each module contains three TAPCO 150-pound thrust (vacuum) hypergolic CMMH and N204) rocket'engines. Thrust Structure The thrust structure is a truncated cone with longitudinal stiffeners. The forward end (large diameter) of the cone attaches tangentially to the aft bulkhead of the propellant container. The thrust structure provides attachment points for the engine gimbal mount and the hydraulic actuators. A single 5-2 rocket engine of 200,000 pound nominal thrust (vacuum) is installed on the centerline of the S-IVB Stage. Propellant Container The propellant container is an internally insulated cylinder with hemispherical bulkheads at each end. An internal hemispherical bulkhead with the concave side facing aft divides the propellant container into an aft section for LOX and a forward section for liquid hydrogen. Eight cold helium spheres located in the hydrogen tank provide LOX tank pressurization. An ambient spherical helium bottle mounted on the engine thrust structure provides pneumatic control pressurization throughout the vehicle pressure system. Forward Skirt The forward skirt is a semimoncoque cylindrical structure which attaches to the forward end of the cylindrical portion of the propellant container and supports the Instrument Unit and the payload. The forward skirt houses electrical and electronic components (most mounted on coldplates) and' provides external mounting for telemetry and command antennas.

View LoohinqJIct,
I s

Main Tunnet

fwd umbilical @ate ~uxiliavy Tunno\

5taqe Lrnqth: 59 Ct.

Jncludinq %in.pwtmsion oC LUg tank beyond S.\VB/~U rnotinq auvCaco

Gorwovd skirt Uenqth- \O Ct.)

LU2 Tank

S phevss (8)

A '
17

Telemetry Antennos(4)

b x Tank
\

\ /mmon c

k l k hed

*A+ +IVb

qnition 294,500 Ib ~ .
2wlbc-

*A+ S.lV@ CutoCfa

3-2Enqine

koia. 260 in.--4

5-2 ENGINE OPERATION The normal operating cycle of the 5-2 Engine consists of prestart, start, steady-state operation, and cutoff sequences. During prestart, LOX and L H 2 flow through the engine to temperature-condition the engine components, and to assure the presence of propellant in the turbopumps for starting. After a timed cooldown period, the start signal is received by the sequence controller which enei-gizes various control solenoid valves to open the propellant valves in the proper sequence. The sequence controller also energizes spark plugs in the gas generator and thrust chamber to ignite the propellant. In addition, the sequence controller releases GH2 from'the'start tank. The GH2 provides the initial drive for the turbopumps that deliver propellant to the gas generator and the engine. The propellant ignites, gas generator output accelerates the turbopumps, and engine thrust increases to main stage operation. At this time, the spark plugs are de-energized and the engine is in steadystate operation. Steady-state operation is maintained until a cutoff signal is received by the sequence controller. The sequence controller de-energizes the solenoid valves which in turn close the engine propellant valves in the proper sequence. As a result, engine thrust decays and the cutoff sequence is complete.

Propellant utilization valve regulates LOX #low t o minimize LHz and LOX residuals a-1. cutoff. Varies mixture retlo *, f O %

LH2

Pressurization

-------- --Thrust Chamber

----

Mixture R a t i o

LH2 circulates thru

Thrust chamber wall

t o cool wall

2 0 0 , 0 0 0 Ibs Thrust

S-IVB STAGE PROPELLANT SYSTEM The S-IVB propellant system is composed of integral LOX/LH2 tanks, propellant lines, control valves, vents, and pressurization subsystems. Loading of the propellant tanks and flow of propellants is controlled by the propella utilization system. Both propellant tanks are initially pressurized by groun source cold helium. LOX tank pressurization during S-IVB Stage burn is maintained by helium supplied from spheres in the LHi tank, which is expanded by passing through the helium heater, to maintain positive pressure across the common tank bulkhead and to satisfy engine net positive suction head. The LR, pressurization strengthens the stage in addition to satisfying net positive suction head requirements. After engine ignition the pressure is maintained by GH2 tapped from the engine supply. S-IVB PROPELLANT LOAD AND OPERATIONAL SEQUENCE

LH2 Tank
Vent Valve

(Pressure stepped lowly to,

r--

39 psia vent sethnq a t S-IVB igniiion +300 sec.)

Spheres f o r LOX Tank pressurization ( 8 ) ,

I I
/

GHz
i n

from

J-2

during

S - I V 8 burn for tank

mess u r i z a t i o n

192,900 lbs at Iqnition

-LOX Tan k Vent Valve

LH2 Fill f Drain

LOX Fill @ Drain

Helium I J-2 Enqine I - -

&

Helium . Heater continues t o pressurize LOX Tank beqinninq

-10 sec. after mainstage start

LH2 Tank contains -1,000 Ibs at J - 2 engine cutoff. LOX remaininq a t J-2 enqine cutoff 2,400 I bs.

Total propellant at l i f t o f f -230,400 Ibs. Total propellant consumed after l i f t o f f - 2 2 6 , 0 0 0 Ibs.

PROPELIANT UTILIZATION SYSTEM The propellant utilization (PU) system controls loading and engine mixture ratios (LOX to LH2) to ensure balanced consumption of LOX and LH2. Probes mounted in the LOX and LH2 containers monitor the mass of the propellants during powered flight. At PU activation (6.8 seconds after 5-2 ignition), the probes sense the LOX overload and commands the engine to burn at the high rate engine mixture ratio of 5.5:l. When the high mixture ratio is removed, the PU system will then command the engine to burn the reference mixture ratio of 4.7:1, striving for simultaneous depletion of LOX and LH2 for maximum stage performance.

Telemetered
Error Signal

Telemetered .Valve Command Signal

-Valve Position Feedback

LOX Flow

/
Telemetered Valve Position Signal

Control Valve

Fiqure 29

S-IVB Staqe Propellant

S-IVB STAGE THRUST VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM The s i n g l e 5-2 engine i s gimbal mounted on t h y l o n g i t u d i n a l a x i s of t h e S-IVB Stage. Power f o r g i m b a l l i n g i s s u p p l i e d by a h y d r a u l i c c o n t r o l system mounted on t h e engine. P i t c h and yaw c o n t r o l , d u r i n g powered f l i g h t , i s maintained by a c t u a t o r c o n t r o l of t h e e n g i n e t h r u s t v e c t o r . R o l l c o n t r o l of t h e s t a g e i s maintained by p r o p e r l y sequencing t h e p u l s e - f i r e d h y p e r g o l i c p r o p e l l a n t t h r u s t motors i n t h e APS. When t h e s t a g e e n t e r s t h e c o a s t mode, t h e APS t h r u s t motors c o n t r o l t h e s t a g e i n a l l t h r e e axes.

Low Pressure

169 psi9

1L i e < hE - . 1 Z

.L

--

H y d r a u l i e Actuators

I n Fliqht u s e - L Driven bv Ennine

--

1,-

Turbo

pump

dt

pressurized

8000 R ~ M dutput

8.0 qpm at 3550

Auxiliary Pump

Electric ~ o t o ; D r i v e at 13,000 r p m
output 1.5

qpm

at

3550 psi9

Gimbal Point

A c t a a f o r s (2)

under load

8"per see.

Gimbal pattern
(Looking

Fwd)

Fisurc 30

AUXILIARY PROPULSION SYSTEM The APS c o n s i s t s of two s e l f - c o n t a i n e d a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l modules mounted 180 d e g r e e s a p a r t on t h e a f t s k i r t of t h e S-IVB s t a g e . Each a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l module c o n t a i n s t h r e e t h r u s t motors which u s e h y p e r g o l i c p r o p e l l a n t ( n i t r o g e n The t h r u s t m o t o r s are p u l s e t e t r o x i d e (N2 O4 ) and monomethylhydrazine (MMH) f i r e d and no i g n i t i o n s y s t e m i s r e q u i r e d . The t h r u s t m o t o r s p r o v i d e p i t c h , yaw and r o l l c o n t r o l d u r i n g t h e S-IVB c o a s t mode of o p e r a t i o n , and r o l l c o n t r o l d u r i n g powered f l i g h t s .

Heiqht - 8 0 " W i d t h .v 23"

O u t e r Module

~ & a lAPS Propellant 134 Ibs.

Bellows
( Pressurlzod \

Tank

150 Ib. Thrust

I I
I

I
I

eparation

Plane

111

11 1

IL L

Vehicle Yaws

Vehicle Pitches

I
I
View f r o m a f t lookinq f o r w a r d o r downr anqe

Fiquve 31

11

Auxiliary Propulsion Swtarn

II

S u m m a r y of

Measurements

bnd - 1 2 8 ~ c r n e l l u v e r n a n t ~ c O j-rva*l n

Nde: Yheve

were -468

inC~iqht

Infliqht
I. Liquid
Level

S- IV6.2
6

2. Temperature 3. P r e s s u r e 4, S t r a ~ n 5. V i b r a t i o n 6. Sir)nals 7. a , r e n t 8 Miscellaneous

Total

Ib3
7q

38
78

I t

* m!i
r

++ 51

LCC ( B l o c k h o u s e )

i 155~1

T r a n r d u c e r or

S i s n a l Sources
Thermocouple
Resistance Thermometer
Reference

(6in forwsvd skirt/ 10in

A F ~ s

~irt)

C r y s t a l V i b r a t i o n Pickup

Bridqe Boxes

Strain Gauqe

r
-

-Isolation Boxes *Distributors ( vol taqe dividinq

networks)

Siqnals (switches,etc.)

S i q n a l s (switches, etc.)

Voltage
soarces
Poteniiornetcr

Type

(Pressure G a u q e , etc-)

ToTM

Antennas

Power

Y F-l,1,3, o

5-1 & P-1

from.

-\ Used NO+
I

switch
Tnputs

Selector

D u r i n g Fliqht

S-1 Multiplerer

From

Note : h044 f o v ~ a r d Inbtrdbqc Components A r e M o u n t e d On Coldplates

C

Battery f I 20 vdc 70 amp. hr.

L

Battery *2 28 vdc 1.9 amp. hr.

*
Ground

To Ranqe S a f e t y S y s t e m NO.i
Distrihrr.tor

To Ranqe

- . . --.- S a f e t y -. .

POI*Q~

Power

System No. 2

Forward -I

Skirt
_

Pu
_ -

To

To

PU
_

TO M e a s .
_

A ft - Skirt

- - -Systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - --_ -

Meas. Voltaqe
56 vdc 14 amp. hr.
Ground

TO Meas.

Systems

28 vdc 47 amp. hr.

Power Distributor

I
t
Control

.f
Power Distributor

- Ground Power
28VDC

v
Sequencer
# )

1
TO C o n t r o l Relay P a c k a q a

v
To

D;s+ribuior

Aux. Hyd. Sys.

V
To

To

EDS

Chilldown Sys. (Fuel +f oxidizer)

To J-2 Enqine

'I

T S-IVB o
Systems From Switch

1
TO Switch

t
TO Ul\aqe
To

Selector
Pressurization

Selector

Sys.

S-\vB Staqe Elechical

Power and ~ i r t v i b u t i o n S@em

I n t e n t i o n a l l y L e f t Blank

INSTRUMENT UNIT The S-IU-202 Instrument Unit (IU) s t r u c t u r e c o n s i s t s of t h r e e a r c segments (numbered 601, 602, and 603) of sandwiched honeycomb. The t h r e e a r c segments a r e j o i n e d w i t h s p l i c e p l a t e s b o l t e d t o t h e s k i n and t h e c h a n n e l r i n g segments, t h u s forming a s i n g l e u n i t of honeycomb c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n forms an assembly 260 i n c h e s i n diameter and 36 i n c h e s h i g h . B r a c k e t s a r e bonded t o t h e i n n e r s k i n t o p r o v i d e mounting s u r f a c e s f o r 16 c o l d p l a t e s , which a r e 30 i n c h e s s q u a r e . A c o o l a n t f l u i d i s c i r c u l a t e d through t h e c o l d p l a t e s t o d i s s i p a t e h e a t g e n e r a t e d by t h e e l e c t r i c a l components mounted on them. This arrangement p r o v i d e s c l e a r a n c e f o r t h e l a n d i n g g e a r of t h e Lunar Module t o b e i n c l u d e d i n l a t e r m i s s i o n s , and f o r t h e forward bulkhead of t h e S-IVB hydrogen t a n k which extends i n t o t h e I U . A honeycombc o n s t r u c t e d a c c e s s door i n segment 601 p r o v i d e s a c c e s s t o components w i t h i n t h e I U a f t e r t h e I U i s assembled a s p a r t of t h e v e h i c l e . P r i o r t o v e h i c l e launch, a temperature c o n t r o l l e d atmosphere i s f o r c e d i n t o t h e I U and S-IVB forward s k i r t from a ground s o u r c e t o m a i n t a i n a t e m p e r a t u r e of 60 t o 80 degrees F a h r e n h e i t . Compressed a i r i s used a s a purging medium up t o t h i r t y minutes b e f o r e t h e S-IVB s t a g e i s loaded w i t h The comp r o p e l l a n t , t h e n t h e a i r purge i s r e p l a c e d w i t h a n i t r o g e n purge. partment purge w i l l b e disconnected a t v e h i c l e l i f t o f f by r e t r a c t i o n of t h e I U u m b i l i c a l s e r v i c e arm.

Control Cornputow

I U
8

Splice

0)
,

comb

LZ)

3L in.

174 b l o c k h o u s e meas. are a l s o u s e d as inf l i q h t meas.

S u m m a r y of M e a s u r e m e n t s

Thcve weve 3 0 3 infliqh+ and \ T t Lcc m e a s u v e m e d ~on 5-1U.201

N

In4light
Voltaqe,Current

S-IU-203

Freq.

24

Pos.

Anqular Velocity-

Temperature Pressure

- - .- .. .-

45

57

Flow

Rate--

To o t h e r

m e a s u r i nq racks

V i b r a t i o n - . - - - - - - -26

Guidance $ C o n t r o l - D i s c r e t e Siqnals,-Miscellaneous-

-. . - - .-

46 57 20

LCC -(

lockh house)

298
182.

/ checkout o n l y

Used f o r g r o u n d

Transducer or Siqnal S o u r c e s Thermocouple Accelerometer ( Vibration) E r r o r Siqnals ( computer 4 platform )

-------

( Total - 9 )

S i q n a l s ( p r s t Motion, Separation, etc.)

I - 20vdc 1

L -- A

I
I

I
Potentiometer Type ( pvess. q a u e, io*q. acce?, ete.)

I
I

0 - 5 vdc

Diqital O a t a

5 vdc

I
I

L---J

To

Guidance Sys+em

* Telemetry System

Fiqure

36

Inshumen+ Unit Measuvinq ~ ~ c + c r n

5-10 Prop l e v e l

sensor a c t i v a t i o n

S - l V B enqine + 38.3 s e c .

C-0.

- Recordtno,
Inputs F r o m

Playback S t o p s :

Stops:

5-16 O E C O

S - l V 6 enqine c . o

+ 68.3

sec.

From S w i t c h selector-

cCalibrator ~ ~ ",,it --m

C

C libra + aAss'yt o r ~ ~

~*To F1,

F2, S-1 & P-1

Fiqure 37

Aux. Pwr.

To C-Band Radar, Azusa, TV cameva and Meas. racks.

Battery
28 v d c 300 Amp Hr.

To

WDA

TO

4 t
TO

(ac power),

51-124M 2 , PlatCovm 300

Batfery

,,.,
4

H~

t
Power
Distributor
\

G r o u n d power

ZB
56vdc'

vdc

Control
Distributor

4 4

I
5 6 vdc

28 vdc

.
Batlevy 28 v d c
3 0 0 Amp.

Power SUPP'Y

. t Battery
28
V ~ G

coolinq

I
9
V
electvonic ass y .

t\r.

Pump

300 A m p . H r .
TO S p a c e c r a f t

Control

and

Q -

Ba,\

Computer

vData
Adapter
Iu Switch Selector

EDS Distributor

a
' I
Coqtrol Proces

' I S-16 and S-\VB staqes

ST- 124 M pl&bvm

s-IVB
a s . racks and as. transducers

Staqe

v
S-I8
Staqc

II

Instrument Unit Elactvical

Power and D i d v i bufi on

Iystem

Intentionally Left Blank

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM (ECS)

Heat generated by the electronic equipment located in the S-IVB forward skirt and the IU is absorbed by circulating a methanol-water solution through the coldplate network. Prior to liftoff, a temperature controlled methanol-water solution is supplied and circulated through the coldplates from the GSE. After liftoff the ECS is a selfcontained unit which begins operation 3 minutes after liftoff when the sublimator is activated.

c o ~ d ~ \ ~ (16$ t o wquived) (30 in. square)

~apped Moles
/

SPACECRAFT DESCRIPTION S p a c e c r a f t 011, f o r Mission AS-202 i s composed of a Launch Escape Tower, Command Module, S e r v i c e Module, and Lunar Module Adapter. Command Module (CM) The CM i s made up of an i n n e r s t r u c t u r e , o r p r e s s u r e v e s s e l , and an o u t e r s t r u c t u r e . A l a y e r of i n s u l a t i o n s e p a r a t e s t h e i n n e r and o u t e r s t r u c t u r e s . The h e a t s h i e l d ( o u t e r s t r u c t u r e ) c o n s i s t s o f : A forward h e a t s h i e l d , a crew compartment h e a t s h i e l d and an a f t h e a t s h i e l d . A b l a t i v e m a t e r i a l i s bonded t o a l l h e a t s h i e l d s t a i n l e s s - s t e e l , b r a z e d honeycomb s t r u c t u r e . S e r v i c e Module (SM) The S i s a c y l i n d r i c a l s h e l l made up of aluminum, honeycomb-sandwich M M The S p r o p u l s i o n e n g i n e gimbal i s p a n e l s and forward and a f t bulkheads. a t t a c h e d t o t h e a f t bulkhead. Below t h e S gimbal, t h e e n g i n e n o z z l e e x t e n d s M M i n t o t h e a d a p t e r a r e a . The S i s a t t a c h e d t o t h e CM by t h r e e t e n s i o n t i e s . Explosive charges s e p a r a t e t h e s e t e n s i o n t i e s f o r SM/CM s e p a r a t i o n . Lunar Module Adapter The Lunar Module Adapter j o i n s t h e S t o t h e S-IVB/IU and, i n some f u t u r e M m i s s i o n s , w i l l e n c l o s e t h e Lunar Module. S p a c e c r a f t subsystems i n c l u d e t h e f o l l o w i n g :

a.
b.
c. d. e. f. g. h.
i. j.

Launch e s c a p e subsystem Emergency d e t e c t i o n subsystem E l e c t r i c a l power subsystem Master e v e n t , sequence c o n t r o l l e r Environmental c o n t r o l subsystem Communication subsystem I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n subsystem S t a b i l i z a t i o n and c o n t r o l subsystem S e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n subsystem R e a c t i o n c o n t r o l subsystem E a r t h l a n d i n g subsystem

k.

1. Mission C o n t r o l Programmer
m.
n. o. Impact and recovery subsystem S t r u c t u r e subsystem Heat s h i e l d

68

P i t c h Control \ Motor T o w e r Jotfison Motor

~ A -,

B ~ I I( M S F C )

Note :This i s -plannedther r heiwiest 5p.c~ c*aFI f +he uprated Saturn 5

proqram

L a u n c h Escape tower (LET)

,
0

Launch Escape

R e c o v e r y a n t e n n a s ( 3) (on parachute d e c k - d e p l o y e d a f t e r m a i n parachute d e p l o y m e n t )

Comrnaqd Module (CM)

EM/ SY SIP. Plane SM r e s e t i o n c o nq rio l a3 y s tu lm s(RCS) ~ n t n mod e e ( 4 )

e-,i rd:y3
antennas

-LET/CM

Sep. P l a n e
antenna ( 4 ) mounted

flush

( e . \

g4

P o s i t i o n of p a n e l s a f t e r 5 M/ A d a p t e r Separation p a n e l s

, /

5pacecraft

Data:

Lenqik : * O f . 8 4+.
Walqht :

t r a i n s are l o c a t e d around the p e r i p h e r y o f each panel. These a r e used t o s e p a r a i e the S M f r o m the a d a p t e r

A t L.O. -56,9001bs. LET B,500 lbs.

.CM

1f.800 IbS. * S M -23,000 Iba. A d a p t e r -- 5,700 Ibs.

camera

Spacecraft

011 ConFiqoration

69

Fvom

C omm uSafors

Opevational Tape
Recorder A

vu F/Z k m e
From CSM
An+snnas

SClN

fvansducers

From

PAM~FM~FM

t
Power

Telemeh-y

Trans-

Siqnat
Conditioners

Divide r

PCM/ FM

VHF/FM
T r ansmih'tr

t A A

ducers
i

ASS^

Comdi+ioned Analo? Siqnals

Prernodul~tion

DiqiCal Siqnafs

___LJ /

Disf v i buf or

ducers
A

Sic,rial
Condifrboe~s

+ ~ommufaCor ----)
J
s

Measuvemen4~
Calibrator

Sru',cc

Module

Trans-

qi L I V ~ I
As sj
Transnitter

T a pa

R e c o vd er

PAM/FM/FM t r a n s m i t s $ l i s L f
and enqineerinq
daCa

clualificaCion

PCM/FM
~ O Y

-/ransrnifs

opcraf ional

dafa

For

pral

time con+roI

( p r o v i d e s i n + o r r n a f i o n necossRry

a bow+

dsr~i~jons)

Fiqure 42

I/

Spacecraff

Instrurne~+ation

Sv.4-e m (TM

$~ e a s . )

To Reaction Control System Fuel Dump f s q u e n c e r s

To

EOS,ELS, Loqic

M i s s i o n sequancora, Gimbal ~ o n h o l u p r ~ q h h n q sy +em

To f\iqht,# Pert lbndtnq

(comm nicdion

bus

QqulpY

Command Module

, , , , , , , , , , * , , , , , ,
I

Figure 43 -

S p a c c c r o f t ~lec+rical Power $ Disivi butioa System !