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Application of AES Algorithm in Digital Cinema Projection System Based on

Da Vinci Technology
Xuc-!an Wan
College of information science and technology
Heilongiang University
Harbin, China, 150080
wxljsj@163.com
Iu-naXao
College of Information and Communication
Harbin Engineering University
Harbin, China, 150001
xiaofhai@hrbeu.edu.cn
Oa-Von Wan
Flight Simulation Institute of Airforce in Harbin
Harbin, China, 150001
9I5I985@qq.com
Abstract-To solve the security issues of digital cinema
projection equipments, and avoid video data to be illegal thef
or malicious tampering, this paper proposes a new type of
design for encrypting digital movies using advanced symmetric
encryption algorithm - AES128 with TMS320DM6446 and
DaVinci technology. The project takes full advantage of the
characteristics of high efciency and programming fexibility
of DaVinci processor, through allocating internal and external
resources of the processor chip rationally, and using the DMA,
it only needs a small overhead to make digital movies protected.
Meanwhile, for the strategies of diferent applications, this
paper also gives encryption methods of diferent security levels.
The test results show digital movies encrypted by AES128 can
not play normally, which ensures the security of digital movies.
The technology and methods adopted in the system are
practical and worthy of using abroad.
Keywords-DaVinci Technolog; AES128; Digital Cinema;
Security; DMA
I. INTRODUCTION
Digital cinema is the high-tech products, which was bor
in the 20th century 80's. The production and storage of
digital cinema is with digital technology and equipment, and
it is delivered via physical media, such as satellite, fber, disk
and CD-ROM. Digital signals are reduced to video and audio
which meet the flm technical standards, and shown on the
screen. Compared with traditional cinema, digital cinema is
more vulnerable to thef, tampering and play in the process
of transport and projection [1].
Therefore, it needs to adapt certain securit mechanisms
to protect the knowledge copyright of digital flm programs
not to be affected by the infingement in the digital cinema
projection system. On August 2007, Technical Requirements
of Digital Cinema Projection System has been published by
the State Administration of Radio Film and Television,
which specifes that digital movie is compressed by the
encoding method of MPEG-2, and protected using the
encryption algorithm of AESI28. In view of the above actual
situation, this paper studies the project of AES 128 advanced
symmetric encryption algorithm in digital flm of MPEG-2
and its implementation methods, based on the hardware
platform of Da Vinci system, using Da Vinci sofware
technique, meanwhile, for the strategies of different
applications, gives encryption methods of different securit
levels.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: In
Section II, the description of AES encryption algorithm is
given. In Section III, the encryption design scheme of digital
cinema projection system is presented. Section IV illustrates
the experimental results. Finally, the conclusions are drawn
in Section V.
II. DESCRIPTION OF AES ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM
The AES algorithm is a symmetric encryption algorithm,
whose encryption key is equivalent to the decryption key.
Under normal circumstances, the encryption speed of AES is
1000 times than non-symmetric encryption algorithm. AES
is mainly applied to long plain text, such as fle encryption,
network encryption, database encryption, etc. The group
length, key length and the number of encryption layer are
available; group length and key length support 128bit, 192bit
and 256bit; the length of group and key can be changed,
which is determined by the encryption level[2].
The encryption and decryption of AES algorithm both
use a mechanism of round transformation [3], which is
composed of 4 parts: SubByte, ShifRow, MixColumn and
AddRoundKey. Among, SubByte is the replacement of Sbox,
which uses Sbox to replace each byte of the state. The frst 4
-bit and later 4-bit of each byte specif the line and column
of Sbox separately, and then take out the corresponding row
and column elements in the Sbox as the output instead of the
bytes. ShifRow is a cyclic shif for different state by
different offset, if each line counts fom 0 positions, then the
Oth line maintains invaiable, and the 1 3rd line move to the
right by the step of C 1 C3 byte separately. The size of
C1C3 depends on the group of plain text (Nb). MixColumn
is a linear transformation fom column to column.
AddRoundKey is the logical operation which XOR the
results of MixColumn and sub-keys by byte.
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III. ENCRYPTION DESIGN SCHEME OF DIGITAL CINEMA
PROJECTION SYSTEM
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DaVinci technology is content-rich and complex, which
is released by TI Corporation recently. DaVinci technology
is the set of system solutions and components, based on DSP,
for digital multimedia applications, which provides
integrated processors, sofware and tools [4], [S].The
realization of AESI28 encryption algorithm in digital cinema
projection system is just based on the system fame of
DaVinci, using the rich system programming interfaces
(SPIs), application programming interfaces(APIs) and over a
thousand kinds of algorithm components to simplif the
design and accelerate the innovation of products, and to
ensure that the products of design with high reliability and
stability.
D. HurmurcDcsign
The realization of digital cinema projection system is
mainly based on the digital media processor of dual-core
TMS320DM6446.TMS320DM6446 is a highly integrated
video processing chip, which was released by TI Company in
December, 200S, and called (DaVinci) digital media system
on Chip (DMSoC) by the industry. The fnctional block
diagram of TMS320DM6446 is shown as Fig.1 [6].
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Figure I. Hardware block diagram

As is shown in the Fig.l, DMSoC (digital media system
on chip) include ARM subsystem, DSP subsystem, video
processing subsystem (VPSS), system control modules,
power management modules, exteral memory interfaces,
exteral control modules and switching center resources
(SCR) and so on.
subsystem is mainly responsible for the overall
confguration and system fnction control module of
DM6446, Calling the video algorithms. DSP subsystem is
responsible for the implementation of video algorithms,
whose operating fequency is close to 600MHz.The
maximum of processing capacity of DSP-side can reach
4800MIPS, which enhances audio and video decoding
capabilities greatly. Dedicated audio and video processors
are used for the data processing. Video processing subsystem
(VPSS) includes a video front-end input interface (VPFE)
and a video terminal output interface (VPBE).The VPFE is
used for capturing video signals, the VPBE outputs the
image to the OSD. Through the SCR, DM6446 is realized to
control the exteral modules and communication with them.
Through the asynchronous exteral memory interface
(EMIF), this system links with a 64MB of NAND Flash,
which stores the booting code and data, in order to boot and
loader ARM Linux operating system. Through the AT A
controller interface, the system links with a 160G of hard
drive, for storing a lot of video fles. DDR2 SDRAM is used
to the buffer of video input image data, and storages ARM
and DSP code.
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When we encrypt the digital video with AES 128
encryption algorithm, considering the securit of encryption,
real-time and hardware resources overall, we adopt selective
encrypted way, discarding the traditional way of fll
encryption, which regards MPEG-2 bit stream as the
ordinary binary data, and uses the encryption way of
encrypting each bit, not considering the coding structure of
MPEG-2. The encryption way of selective takes fll account
of the coding structure of MPEG-2 [7], [8], which reduces
the amount of encryption data, and satisfes the requirements
of real-time of MPEG-2 video. The primary theory of
algorithm mainly bases on the correlation of time and space
of I, P, B fame in the fame structure of MPEG-2 to
guarantee the securit of video sequence encrypted.
'
Through analyzing the layer structure of video stream
of MPEG-2, we can know that the layer structure of MPEG-
2 includes 6 parts: Video Sequence Layer, Group of Pictures
Layer, Picture Layer, Slice Layer, Macroblock Layer and
Block Layer. While I, P, B fame of the video sequence
locate on the Picture Layer, which is the most important part
of whole video sequence, and contains the actual video data.
Therefore, the study of encryption is primarily in the Picture
Layer.
Through analyzing a video stream of MPEG-2, whose
size is lAM, we discover that the frst fame |!) appears in
the location of Sk, behind the I fame, there are multiple P
and B in tum, and in font of the frst I fame, there are the
head information of video sequence and image group, which
indicates the format of the video sequence, etc. In order to
reduce the amount of video data that is encrypted, we use the
DMA mechanism DaVinci sofware provides, by using
ACPY3 fnction, bypassing the CPU, moving the video data
in the background. When the DMA has processed IK data at
a time, the variable of Count is added I. When the variable
of Count is equal to S, we start to encrypt the data of I, P, B
fame, using AES 128 encryption algorithm. The encryption
round constant is 10, the length of group of plaintext and key
is 4. We can decrypt the ciphertext that is encrypted to obtain
original video stream, using AES 128 decryption algorithm.
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Figure 2. Flow chart of AES 128 encryption and decryption algorithm
The entire sofware development is completed in the
environment of Linux system, The ARM side of dual-core
processors is responsible for the system call, and OSP side is
responsible for the implementation of AES 128 encrption
and decryption algorithm. In order to enable ARM core to
calling the algorithms that implement on OSP core, we must
package the algorithm of AES128 encryption and decryption
into Codec Server managed by Codec Engine. In the .tcf
confguration fle of Codec Server, we manage hardware
resources of TM3200M6446 by setting OSP/BIOS. Afer
repeated testing, we can obtain the optimal allocation
situation of memor: for 80K LID of OSP core of
TM3200M6446, 32K is confgured into Cache, and the lef
48K is as internal RAM; for 64K L2 of OSP core, 32K is
confgured into Cache, and the lef 32K is as interal RAM.
At the same time, when we compile the Codec Server,
through setting the optimizing profle as "-03" in
package. bId of Co dec server, to optimize the code, and
improve the effciency of the implementation of the code.
IV. TEST RESULTS
The sofware development of this system is under the
Linux operating system of the virtual machine, the version of
Linux operating system: Monta Vista Linux Professional
Edition v4.
Before the test, we use a cross cable to link the hardware
platform with the host through a switch, and confgure the
NFS network services, in order to make the development
board and the host can access each other. Meanwhile, in the
Windows environment of the host, we use a serial cable to
connect development board with the host, and set the
HyperTerminal. Using the terminal, we can monitor the
hardware system starting, and set the command parameters.
In practical tests, we found that If we only encrypted I
fames of each video sequence, because of the relationship of
time and space among fames, as well as I Blocks of P, B
fames not been encrypted, the results of encryption is not
very perfect, video sequences are still partially visible; when
all I fames and I Blocks of P, B fames in the video
sequences were encrypted, we could obtain better encrypted
results; and when the video sequence data was encrypted
completely, though we could get the highest security,
because of needing to process most of the data, time
consuming was the most.
In the testing process, we input the encryption commands
in the HyperTerminal. The hardware system parses the
commands by MSP430, reads the audio and video data
stored in the HO (hard disk), displays the flms encrypted
on the OSO. Figure3, Figure 4, Figure 5 are respectively the
encryption image of encrypting I fames of each video
sequence only, I fames and I Blocks of P, B fame, all I, P,
B fames of digital movie. When we decode the encryption
image, the input encryption video image can not play
normally. Figure6 is the original video image, using AES 128
decryption algorithm.
Figure 3. Encryption image of encrypting Iframes only
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Figure 4. Encryption image of encrypting I frames and I Blocks of P, B
fames
Figure 5. Encryption image of encrypting all the I, P, B frames
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Figure 6. Original video image afer decrypting
V. CONCLUSIONS
This paper proposes the solutions and implementation
methods of different securit level for digital cinema
encryption, based on DaVinci hardware platform and
Da Vinci digital multimedia sofware technology, which
guarantees the securit of digital movie. Using the support of
DaVinci high-level Linux, standardized APls and product
oriented underlying drivers, it's signifcant to reduce the
complexity of sofware design, shorten the development
cycles of products, and reduce development costs. The test
results show that the design plan we proposes meets the
needs of the actual security level, and the digital cinema
projection system has a high stabilit and reliability.
Meanwhile, the design methods proposed can be used for
other confdential felds. Therefore, the design methods
proposed have an extensive reference.
REFERENCES
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2008.05.
[3] Gu Dawu.The advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm-
Rijndael design. Bei Jing:TSINGHUA Universicity Press,2003 .. 03.
[4] DaVinci for Digital Video.http://www. ti.com.2006.
[5] The Future of Digital Video.http://www.ti.com.2006.
[6] Xu Peng, Zhou Haobing.TMS320DM6446 Video Research Based on
DaVinci technology [J]. Electronic World,2006(2)135-137.
[7] Tang, L. Methods for Encrypting and Decrypting MPEG Video Data
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[8] B. Bhargava, C. Sh, i and S-Y Wang. MPEG Video Encryption
Algori t hms[M]. Mult i medi a Tool s and Appl i cat i ons, 2004.
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