2011

T.C. Baheehir
University
0678821 Burak SUNAN

[TERM PROJECT II]

Introduction to CFD

TERM PROJECT II
FLOW OVER A NACA AIRFOIL
Introduction
The object of the project is to obtain a CFD solution for flow over a NACA airfoil. The NACA
profile is NACA6416 in this project. It is solved for the following 3 cases;
A) = 0 degrees (Angle of attack), Laminar flow
B) = 10 degrees (Angle of attack), Laminar flow
C) = 10 degrees (Angle of attack), Turbulent flow

For all cases: Used Double precision. For iterative convergence, monitor lift coefficient
CL is approximately constant (within plus minus 0.01) when iteration is stopped.
For Cases A and B , use U=1 m/s, =0.001 kg/m.s , =1 kg/m^3 (Re=1000)
For Case C, use U=1 m/s, =0.000001 kg/m.s, =1 kg/m^3 (Re=1000000)
Used the following velocity inlet conditions:
For Case A: UX =1 m/s, UY =0 m/s
For Cases B and C: UX = U (Cos 10)= 0.985 m/s, UY = U (Sin 10) = 0.174 m/s
Reference Values: Area=1 m^2, =1 kg/m^3, =0.001 kg/m.s (for cases A and B)
=0.000001 kg/m.s (for case C). Note that reference values effect nondimensional
quantities (such as Lift coefficient (CL), Drag coefficient (CD), Pressure coefficient (CP)
only)

Results

Figure 1. Case A_Pressure Contour

Figure 2. Case B_Pressure Contour

Figure 3. Case C_Pressure Contour

Figure 4. Case A_Velocity Contour

Figure 5. Case B_Velocity Contour

Figure 6. Case C_Velocity Contour

Figure 7. Case A_Residuals

Figure 8. Case B_Residuals

Figure 9. Case C_Residuals

Figure 10. Case A_Lift Coefficient

Figure 11. Case B_Lift Coefficient

Figure 12. Case C_Lift coefficient

Force Report for Case A

Forces (n)
Zone
Pressure
Viscous
Total
wall (0.034313276 0.068306739 0) (0.048906322 0.0028562365 0) (0.083219599 0.071162975 0)
Net (0.034313276 0.068306739 0) (0.048906322 0.0028562365 0) (0.083219599 0.071162975 0)

Zone
Pressure
wall (0.068626552 0.13661348 0)
Net (0.068626552 0.13661348 0)

Coefficients
Viscous
(0.097812645 0.005712473 0)
(0.097812645 0.005712473 0)

Total
(0.1664392 0.14232595 0)
(0.1664392 0.14232595 0)

Forces - Direction Vector (1 0 0)

Forces (n)
Zone Pressure
Viscous
wall 0.034313276 0.048906322
Net 0.034313276 0.048906322

Total
0.083219599
0.083219599

Pressure
0.068626552
0.068626552

Coefficients
Viscous
0.097812645
0.097812645

Total
0.1664392
0.1664392

Coefficients
Viscous
0.005712473
0.005712473

Total
0.14232595
0.14232595

Forces - Direction Vector (0 1 0)

Forces (n)
Zone Pressure
Viscous
Total
wall 0.068306739 0.0028562365 0.071162975
Net 0.068306739 0.0028562365 0.071162975

Pressure
0.13661348
0.13661348

Force Report for Case B

Forces (n)
Zone
Pressure
Viscous
Total
wall (0.0018623208 0.33532333 0) (0.048367202 0.013877068 0) (0.050229523 0.3492004 0)
Net (0.0018623208 0.33532333 0) (0.048367202 0.013877068 0) (0.050229523 0.3492004 0)
Coefficients
Zone
Pressure
Viscous
Total
wall (0.0037246416 0.67064666 0) (0.096734404 0.027754136 0) (0.10045905 0.69840079 0)
Net (0.0037246416 0.67064666 0) (0.096734404 0.027754136 0) (0.10045905 0.69840079 0)
Forces - Direction Vector (0.984 0.173 0)*
Forces (n)
Coefficients
Zone Pressure
Viscous
Total
Pressure
Viscous
wall 0.059897841 0.050039491 0.10993733 0.11979568
0.10007898
Net 0.059897841 0.050039491 0.10993733 0.11979568
0.10007898

Zone Pressure
wall 0.33058047
Net 0.33058047

Total
0.21987466
0.21987466

Forces - Direction Vector (0.173 0.984 0)

Forces (n)
Coefficients
Viscous
Total
Pressure
Viscous
Total
0.022042574 0.35262305 0.66116095
0.044085147 0.7052461
0.022042574 0.35262305 0.66116095
0.044085147 0.7052461

Zone
Pressure
wall (-0.10699831 0.76594836 0)
Net (-0.10699831 0.76594836 0)

Zone
wall
Net

Pressure
(-0.21399661 1.5318967 0)
(-0.21399661 1.5318967 0)

Force Report for Case C

Forces (n)
Viscous
(0.0056917048 0.0010067215 0)
(0.0056917048 0.0010067215 0)

Total
(-0.1013066 0.76695508 0)
(-0.1013066 0.76695508 0)

Coefficients
Viscous
(0.01138341 0.0020134429 0)
(0.01138341 0.0020134429 0)

Total
(-0.2026132 1.5339102 0)
(-0.2026132 1.5339102 0)

Forces - Direction Vector (0.984 0.173 0)

Forces (n)
Zone Pressure
Viscous
Total
wall 0.027247472 0.0057800482 0.03302752
Net 0.027247472 0.0057800482 0.03302752

Pressure
0.054494943
0.054494943

Coefficients
Viscous
0.011560096
0.011560096

Total
0.066055039
0.066055039

Forces - Direction Vector (0.173 0.984 0)

Forces (n)
Zone Pressure
Viscous
Total
wall 0.73585057 0.0019770739 0.73782764
Net 0.73585057 0.0019770739 0.73782764

Pressure
1,4717011
1,4717011

Conclusion

Lift
Drag
Lift Coefficient
Drag Coefficient

Case A

Case B

Case C

0.0028562365
0.048906322
0.005712473
0.097812645

0.022042574
0.050039491
0.044085147
0.10007898

0.0019770739
0.0057800482
0.0039541477
0.011560096

NOTE:
*cos10 = 0.984 & sin10 = 0.173

Coefficients
Viscous
Total
0.0039541477 1,4756553
0.0039541477 1,4756553