Impact of PV and Wind Power to the Grid What needs to be done to manage it?

German Approach
Session 4: Addressing Technical Challenges Asia Clean Energy Forum 2011 June 20 21, 2011 in Manila
17.06.2011 17.06.2011

Prof. Dr.Ing. Christoph Menke

University of Applied Science, Trier, Germany Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand Senior Consultant for Renewable Energy Policy, GIZ GmbH, Germany
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Scenario 2010- 2030 Germany (Guiding Scenario 2010)

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Generation of Wind & PV in January 2010 (presently > 36.000 MW installed)

35.000

30.000

Wind: 26.000 MW PV: 9.800 MW (Stand 1.1.10)

Photovoltaik Wind

25.000

20.000

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15.000

10.000

5.000

0 1
1

25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361 385 409 433 457 481 505 529 553 577 601 625 649 673 697 721
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW

Generation of Wind & PV 20.6. 05.07. 2010

35.000

30.000

Wind: 26.000 MW PV: 9.800 MW (Stand 1.1.10)

Photovoltaik Wind

25.000

During that time less then 10% from installed Wind power!

20.000

17.06.2011 17.06.2011 3.520 MW Wind am 3.7. (Stundenmittelwert 0:00 bis 1:00 Uhr) entspricht 13,5% der inst. Leistung 123 MW Wind am 23.6. (Stundenmittelwert 8:00 bis 9:00 Uhr) entspricht 0,46% der inst. Leistung

15.000

10.000

5.000

0 1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361

20.6.

21.6.

22.6.

23.6.

24.6.

25.6.

26.6.

27.6.

28.6.

29.6.

30.6.

1.7.

2.7.

3.7.

4.7.

5.7.

Renewable energies make electricity production more volatile

Daily min and max available wind capacity in Germany in January 2008
Capacity in MW 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Day (January 2008) Scource: bdew

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Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW

Renewable energies make electricity production more volatile

Example: Demand and renewable input 2.10.08 7.10.08 in East-Germany
Netzlast und EEG-Einspeisung 02.10.08 - 07.10.08
60000 350 300 250 200
MW

40000

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150 20000 100 50 0 1 12 23 34 45 56 67

h

Ist-EEG Netzlast Band Preis

0 78 89 100 111 122 133 144

/MWh

Source: BDEW

Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW

Times with negative prices increase

/ MWh 350 300 250

494.26

200 150
100 50
01.03.2009 01.04.2009 01.05.2009 01.06.2009 01.07.2009 01.12.2008 01.01.2009 01.02.2009

Tglicher Hchstpreis Tglicher Tiefstpreis (rot falls negativ)

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01.08.2009

01.10.2008

01.11.2008

01.09.2009

-50 -100 -150 -200

01.10.2009

-500.02
Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW

01.11.2009

Requirements for the future: Change of the Grids

Changes are required from a conventional grid to a new grid with: 1. Power Quality and Grid Management 17.06.2011 17.06.2011 2. Wind energy and power plant scheduling 3. Energy and Cost Management 4. Energy and communication 5. Extension of the grid (Super grid)

Energy supply structures are changing

Kohle

Kernkraft

Wasser

So far: conventionell grid Central Large Power Plants

Hochspannungsnetz

Designed for max. demand coverage Constant tariffs no dependence on time of day Clients are disconnected if required No information at client side 17.06.2011 17.06.2011 about grid impact Strict Powerlimits for supplier

Mittelspannungsnetz

Niederspannungsnetz

Hugh reserve margin required for unpredicted grid equirements in case of power plant failure Only one way control required

Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel

Energy supply structures are changing

Future grids:

Kohle

Kernkraft

Wasser

Additional decentralized supply Demand coverage through trade Tarifs are dependent on time of day Demand and Supply optimisation through dialog and trade/pricing Variable supply limits, depending on actual grid load Reserve margins reduced/ optimized through trade
PV BZ Wind PV BZ KWK

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Windpark

Bi-directional communication and high information needs

Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel

Power-Quality- und Gridmanagement

Changing Supply and demand curves

Power
Decentralised supply Consumer

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Supply
0 0 5 3 7 7

time
Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel

Conventionell Power supply

Wind energy and power plant scheduling are improved through forecast Predicted and observed (measured) wind power
2500

2000

prediction observed

Quality of wind forecast today In Germany:

Megawatts

1500

> 90% for 48 h forecast

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1000

95% for 3h forecast => EEX publish daily wind and PV forecst for next day

500

0 07.07

08.07

09.07

10.07

11.07

12.07

Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel

Power-Quality- und Gridmanagement

Informationgrid
Converter with Fixed rotation: Windpower Hydropower Recipr. engines Converter with Variable rotation: Windpower Hydropower Recipr. engines Microturbines Direct Converters Photovoltaik Thermophotovoltaic Fuell Cells Batterystorages with bidirecctional converters Fly wheel storage with bidirecctional Converters

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j P, cos , THD

j P, cos , THD

j P, cos , THD

j P, cos , THD

Power Grid
Effective Powwer (P) Effective Power (P) + Reactive power compensation (cos j) + Reduction of distortion

Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel

Energy and Cost Management

Variable Power Tariffs Power Trading floor Leipzig LPX EEX

Month Price

Day Price

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Absatz

Absatz

Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISET, Kassel

Energy and Communication

Energy- and Power-Quality-Management: Local Energy Management

Power- Quality-Management Lokales Energie Management (inkl. aktueller Energiepreise)
LEM

PV

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Wasser Hilfsge- Elektronerator heizung Lastabwurf
BZBHKW

Wind

Brennstoff

lokale Anbieter

Stromnetz Steuerungsebene unidirektional

Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISET, Kassel

Requirements: Optimization of grid integration

Overhead lines: seasonal standards and/or temperature monitoring New storage systems (e.g. compressed air energy storage power plants) Improved forecast of load and wind generation Better feed-in management
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Establishment of an intraday market

Demand side management System Service Bonus

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System Service Bonus

Past: Wind turbines had to be shut off when grid stability problems occured Conventional power plants have to ensure grid stability if not enough renewables are online.
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Present and future: Windpower turbines are sophisticated and increasingly able to provide system services to contribute to the stability of the grid. They have to remain connected in case of grid stability problems.

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Finally: Large and extensive capacity Building on all levels is required to cope with the energy future

In Germany are more 60 universities/cities, where you can study different aspects of Renewable energy and Energy Efficiency
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Map shows location of Actor in RE education from German DGS RE group: We meet once a year and discuss required academic issues in RE education..

Source: Prof. K. Vajen, DGS University Group, Kassel

Thank you for your kind attention!

17.06.2011 Prof. Dr.Ing.17.06.2011 Christoph Menke

University of Applied Science, Trier, Germany Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand Senior Consultant for Renewable Energy Policy, GIZ GmbH, Germany menke@fh-trier.de

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