Nephron Schematic

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od blo

Blood Flow

K Amino Acids Phosphate, Lactate, or citrate

85% of reabsorbed HCO3 (if CO2 from tubule)

Na
ATP

Glucose

hrine inep orep athetic) N p (Sym iotensin Ang II

Afferent Arteriole

ANP
in gland Prosta ine pam & Do

~ 3% of NA +r ea bs or

Effe rent Arteriole

secre t.

Renin

Na e os uc Gl

ed

Early Proximal Tubule Isosm. abs.

Na s id Ac o in Na , e Am at ph or os te, Ph cta e, la trat ci

-F

ine

JGA

Na
67

Late Distal Tubule & Collecting Duct -Intercalated & Principal Cells H2O imp. w/o ADH H2O permeable with ADH

in Tun

g Site

H
HCO - + H + 3 H 2CO 3

e rb so b rea tics A+ iure ock of N l ed b 5% ~ zid ia Th

Early Distal Tubule

load-depend. H20 imp. Dilutes NaCl abs.

+ HC O3

-Intercalated

%
of

Na+ Cl AT P

+ New HCO3 (if NH4 excreted)

ic)

Furosemide (loop diuret blocks

Cl -

Reabsorb K H excretion Aldost. stimd H 2 PO 4 excret. + NH 4 excret.

(HPO4 or )

H 2 CO 3
CO 2 + H2 O

Na + a

nd K+ reabsorbed

c.a. IV (blocked by ace

carbonic anhydrase II

CO 2+ H2 O

K Na

K+ Na+ ATP

2-

reabsorbed (if not blocked) 25% of Na+ and 20% of K+

K+
H+ K+ H+
ATP ATP

NH3 + H+

Late Proximal Tubule Isosm. absorption

HCO- + H+ 3 Na + 2 Cl + K
New HCO3 absorbed

tazolamide)

Na+
Na
ATP

H2CO 3
c.a.

K Cl-

Cl Formate+ Na, Cl

K
ATP

CO2 + H2O

(excreted)

NH + 4

Principal Cell

Na ADH
Cl -

Secrete K + Add aquaporin2

H2O ATP cAMP PKA H2O

(or H2 PO4 )

K+ Thick Ascending Limb load-depend. H2O imp. Dilutes

R Gs AC

K+

K -sparing diuretics ANP also blocks (inhibit aldost. effect)

Angiotensin II Stimulated Aldosterone Stimulated ADH (vasopressin) Stimulated ANP Stimulated Sympathetic (Norepi.) Stimulated Vasodilator Vasoconstrictor Major effect Minor effect

phosphoryln

Na
Thin Ascending Limb H2O impermeable

Na+

ATP

K+

insignificant, unless lots o stim.

Aldosterone increases # of: 1. Na+ channels 2. Na+-K + -ATPase pumps 3. K + channels