Professional Documents
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OBJECTIVES
Facility layout and basic formats Process layout Layout planning Group technology Fixed position layout Retail service layout
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Given The flow (number of moves) to and from all departments The cost of moving from one department to another The existing or planned physical layout of the plant
Determine The best locations for each department, where best means maximizing flow, which means minimizing costs
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It is a heuristic program; it uses a simple rule of thumb in making evaluations: "Compare two departments at a time and exchange them if it reduces the total cost of the layout."
CRAFT assumes the existence of variable path material handling equipment such as forklift trucks
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Numerical flow of items between departments Can be impractical to obtain Does not account for the qualitative factors that may be crucial to the placement decision
Systematic Layout Planning Accounts for the importance of having each department located next to every other department Is also guided by trial and error
Type of customer Ease of supervision Common personnel Contact necessary Share same price Psychology
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Value A E I O U X
Closeness Absolutely necessary Especially important Important Ordinary closeness OK Unimportant Undesirable
EXAMPLE OF SYSTEMATIC LAYOUT PLANNING: RELATING REASONS AND IMPORTANCE From 1. Credit department 2. Toy department 3. Wine department 4. Camera department 5. Candy department 2 I 4 3 U -U -To 4 E 4 I 1 U -5 U -A 1,6 X 1 X 1 Area (sq. ft.) 100 400 300 100 100
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1 I 2
E 4 X
3 X 5
A Note here again, Depts. (1) and (4) are linked together, and Depts. (2) and (5) are linked together by multiple lines or required transactions.
The number of lines here represent paths required to be taken in transactions between the departments. The more lines, the more the interaction 1111 between
2 3
4 1 5
2 3 1 50 ft 4 20 ft Note in the Final Layout that Depts. (1) and (5) are both not placed directly next to Dept. (2).
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Initial Layout
Ignoring space and building constraints
Final Layout
Adjusted by square footage and building size
1.
Better human relations Improved operator expertise Less in-process inventory and material handling Faster production setup
2.
3.
4.
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1.
1.
1.
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Answer: Arranging materials and equipment concentrically around the production point in their order of use.
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Service scapes
Ambient Conditions
Reference: Operations Management for Competitive Advantage By Chase, Jacobs & Aquilano, 10e
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