Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Naardermeer 1905
hydrology
fragmentation
OBN Laagveenwateren
Aim: restoration methods for peat lakes Tackling eutrophication, sediment breakup, lack of succession, spatial fragmentation Research consortium, working under auspices of waterand nature managers
Fish removal
Macrophyte colonisation
Water-level management
P-inflow
(emergent) vegetation
Fisheries management
P-lake algae
turbidity
resuspended sediments
Decline of Reedbeds
-Destruction of natural shorelines -Wave action (erosion) -Eutrophication -Succession (litter accumulation)
Reedbed dynamics
Oostvaardersplassen
Keystone species
April 1995
July 1997
Typha angustifolia
1995
50
40
Typha latifolia Schoenoplectus lacustris Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Bolboschoenus maritimus Phragmites australis
1997
40
30 20
30
20
10
10
-80
50
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
0 -80
50
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
1996
40
40
1998
30
30
20
20
10
10
0 -80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
0 -80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
10
management model
to assess the effects of water-level manipulations on reed expansion on the shoreline of VolkerakZoommeer
water depth in summer
Biomass (g/m2) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989
-0.2
Biomass
-0.75
-0.4
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
-0.25
Biomass (g/m2) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989
Biomass
-0.75
-0.25
11
Biomass (g/m2) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989
-0.2
-0.4
Biomass
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
-0.75
-0.25
Biomass (g/m2) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989
Biomass
-0.75
-0.25
Biomass (g/m2) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989
-0.2
-0.4
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Biomass
-0.75
-0.25
Biomass (g/m2) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989
Biomass
-0.75
-0.25
12
Biomass (g/m2) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989
-0.2
Biomass
-0.75
-0.25
-0.4
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Biomass (g/m2) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989
Biomass
-0.75
-0.25
13
Floodplain rehabilitation
First projects in the late 1980s: Extensive grazing, Floodplain forest 1990s: increase connectivity: secondary channels After 1995: Room for Rivers (flood protection program)
14
Target Ecotopes
Ecotopes 1990 Shallow main or side channel Oxbows and floodplain lakes Sandy or clayey beaches and shalllows River dunes Hardwooded floodplain forest Softwooded floodplain forest Marsh/swamp Herbaceous floodplain Natural pasture
High > 80% Good 60-80%
Ecotopes 2000 443 (12%) 605 (50%) 183 (20%) 146 (31%) 342 (43%) 845 (70%) 522 (46%) 960 (35%) 2439 (73%)
Target * 3710 1220 920 475 790 1200 1140 2770 3340
Bad < 20%
* Targets according to the explorative study of Postma et al. 1996 A stream of nature Moderate 40-60% Poor 20-40%
15
Rhine
STRONGLY REGULATED AND NORMALISED Flood plains reclaimed and embanked Winter dikes against flooding Summer dikes for agricultural use Flooding less frequent, more abrupt and amplified Main channel shortened and adequate deep for navigation Groynes prevent free meandering
Danube
16
1880-1989 Polders for fish culture and agriculture; canals for navigation and lake flushing
Tudor Vladimirescu
Lakes
SULINA TULCEA
rceasc Grla Tu
Tudor Vladimirescu
SULINA TULCEA
Blocking channels
100%
14000
Gibel carp
Carp
50% 7000
3500
Pike
0%
19 60 19 62 19 64 19 66 19 68 19 70 19 72 19 74 19 76 19 78 19 80 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98
0 S. glanis P. fluviatilis T. tinca A. brama.+B. bjoerkna total yield E. lucius C. carpio R. rutilus+S.erythr. Chinese cyprinids S. lucioperca C.carassius C.a.gibelio other species
Crucian carp
Bream
10500
17
100
0 Esox lucius
80
Eurytopic
20
60
40
40
Limnophilic
60
20
80
100
Um La br ke ei C Se ui rb bu at lc a u le be de La La ke ke Pl in Ra du cu La le ke t Ta ta ru La ke Ro La su ke Ra du cu La ke La Is ac ke Fu La rt ke un Ba a cl an es ti
La ke
18
Zonation
Type 2 Type 1 Type 3
RIVER
REED
Clay
Organic
Sand-silt
19
20
Danube
14000 12000
1994
discharge (m3.s-1)
1991 1997
Danub
10000 8000
1996
1995
6000 4000 2000 0 8-Aug 28-Aug 16-Nov 10-Apr 30-Apr 7-Oct 10-Feb 29-Jun 17-Sep 21-Jan 27-Oct 19-Jul 9-Jun 1-Jan 6-Dec
199 199 199 199 199
1990 1993 1992
20-May
21-Mar
date
Rhine
12000 11000 10000 9000 8000 2 7000 6000
199
discharge (m3.s-1)
Rhine
20 50 150
199
1/1 21/110/2 1/3 21/310/430/420/5 9/6 29/619/7 8/8 28/817/97/10 27/10 16/11 26/12 6/12 date
26-Dec
1-Mar
21
Flood pulse
Rhine Delta Danube Delta winter/early spring spring short and abrupt more pronounced events and prolonged dikes separate main intact hydrological channel from connectivity floodplain. Do flow pulses still have any ecological effect or do only floods/spates have impact?
5 km
50 km
22
120%
100%
80%
summer bed floodplain water bodies -1 150-365 days.yr 50-150 20-50 2-20 <2
TOTAL
60%
40%
20%
0% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Area of aquatic components (days.yr-1)
Information need
Design guidelines for flood plain lakes Ecological functioning of flood plain lakes
23
250
Chloride (mg.l-1)
200
main channel permanently connected lake frequently connected lake rarely connected floodplain lake
150
100
50
0 Aug-99 Nov-98 Jul-98 Sep-97 Feb-99 Jan-98 Apr-98 Dec-99 May-99 Mar-00 Jun-00
8000
Chlorinity in the River Rhine, 19522000 400 mg.l -1 300 200 100 0 1952 1958 1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000
Chloride vs discharge 250 200 Cl (mg.l -1) 150 100 50 0 0 2000 4000 6000 3 -1 Discharge (m .s ) 10000 y = 15994.78x-0.65 R2 = 0.74
24
0% OX1 CP14 OX5 CP13 CP11 CP8 CP7 CP2 CP3 CP5
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
submerged
<2
2 -20
20- 50
50 - 150
> 150
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 <2 2 -20 20- 50 50 - 150 > 150
floating
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 <2 2 -20
helophyte s
20- 50 50 - 150 > 150
25
2003 Rhone
2002 Danube
26
Possible measures
Secondary channels
-Combination of flood discharge functions and nature development -Very attractive for recreation -Successful habitat creation for flora and fauna -After pilot projects, 7 flowing side-channels realised
27
Gameren 1999
28
1990
2000
Gameren
Deep water Shallow riverbed Floodplain channel Bar/beach/bank Hardwood forest Sof twood forest Marshland Herbaceous floodplai n Natural pasture Production meadow and arabl e land Built up fl oodplain
Auteur Afdeling Datum : Jan van der Hout : WSE : 29 januari 2002
N
Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat Rijksinstituut voor Integraal Zoetwaterbeheer en Afvalwaterbehandeling RIZA
Fish ontogenetic niche shifts Floodplains are used during parts of their life-cycle
Limnophilic
29
BenedenLeeuwen 1994-97
regulated with 2 culverts
Ecological state and development of the Rhine from Lobith to the North Sea
Development Biodiversity Riverine landscape Flora Macroinvertebrates Fish Birds Spatial coherence Ecological state (sensu WFD)
+
+ + + 0
0/+
n.a.
+ ++
n.a.
r poo to
te era d mo
30
Cyclic rejuvenation
25-30 years
The Grensmaas-project
A plan for flood protection, nature development, gravel mining, and new economic impulses for the transboundary Meuse
31
The Grensmaas-project
Reference: Upper Meuse (France)
The Grensmaas-project
32
The Grensmaas-project
33
Keep
Retain
Discharge
34