Professional Documents
Culture Documents
References: 1.Handbook of water and wastewater treatment, Frank R. Spellman, CRC 2003. 2.Water Treatment Handbook, Degrremont, 1979. 3.Waste- water Treatment Technologies: a General Review , United Nations , New York, 2003. 4. Historical aspects of wastewater treatment , P. F. Cooper 5.Process Chemistry for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Larry D. Benefield, Joseph F. Judkins and L. Weand, Prentice-Hall, NJ 1982.
Unit Operations of Wastewater Treatment
Overview Physical unit operations Chemical unit operations Biological unit operations
Overview
THE AGE OF SANITARY ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750 TO 1950
The age of miasmas, disease, a shortage of safe water and development: 1750-1950
This period is characterised by a high population growth in the new industrial cities, leading to high population densities. The increasing death rates are now known to be related to water and waste-borne disease.
1. What is wastewater ? Wastewater is created when the water supply to communities , industries or any activity is mixed with solids. Thus wastewater simply is: Wastewater = clean water supply + solids The percent of solids in domestic wastewater is very small , from 0.1 to1% only. 2. What do we mean by wastewater treatment ? Wastewater treatment is simply the separation of solids from water. 3. How can we separate solids from water ? There are many methods used to separate solids from water: - Physical methods - Chemical methods - Biological methods
Unit Operations of Wastewater Treatment
4. How can we select the separa on ( treatment) method? The separation method ( physical, chemical, or biological) depends on the type of the solid to be separated or removed from water. 5. So, What are the types of solids exis ng in wastewater? solids in WW are: a. Gig floatable solids: (separated physically by screens) b. Grit and sand: (separated physically by grit removal channels) c. Suspended solids: i. Settleable : (separated physically by sedimentation tanks) ii .non settleable: 1. oatable (separated physically by oata on tanks ) 2. colloidal (separated indirectly biologically or by chemical and physical methods coagulation followed by filtration tanks) d. Dissolved solids: i. organic (separated biologically by biological treatment tanks) ii. Inorganic (separated chemical treatment tanks)
6. So what are the technical goals of Wastewater treatment? a. Separation of solids from liquid b. Stabilization of separated solids c . disinfection of pathogenic micro-organisms d. Proper reuse or disposal of treated liquid and solids
Chemical parameters associated with the organic content of waste-water include: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total oxygen demand (TOD). Inorganic chemical parameters include: salinity, hardness, pH, acidity and alkalinity, as well as concentrations of ionized metals such as iron and manganese, and anionic entities such as chlorides, sulfates, sulfides, nitrates and phosphates. Bacteriological parameters include coliforms, fecal coliforms, specific pathogens, and viruses.
Unit Operations of Wastewater Treatment