ublic Affairs Office e o r g e C.

M a r s h a l l Space Flight Center tional Aeronautics and Space Administration a r s h a l l Space Flight C e n t e r , Alabama Phone: 876-1102, 876 -1959

March 1, 1968

APOLLO TELESCOPE MOUNT

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-- F a c t

Sheet

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The Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) i s being developed to give s p a c e s c i e n t i s t s a look a t the sun's activity unencumbered by the fogging effects of the e a r t h ' s a t m o s p h e r e . The National Aeronautics and Space Administration plans to launch the f i r s t of i t s manned s o l a r o b s e r v a t o r i e s , ATM-A, in 1971. The space agency

i s joined by the scientific community and industry in developing the highly sophisticated satellite. F i v e p r i n c i p a l i n v e s t i g a t o r s , a l l e x p e r t s in a s t r o n o m y and s o l a r p h y s i c s , have designed five e x p e r i m e n t s for the f i r s t ATM flight. The eight i n s t r u m e n t s

used in t h e s e five ATM e x p e r i m e n t s w i l l obtain m e a s u r e m e n t s of the sun in the e x t r e m e u l t r e m e ultraviolet and X - r a y portions of the electromagnetic s p e c t r u m which cannot p e n e t r a t e the e a r t h ' s a t m o s p h e r e and obtain p i c t u r e s of the s u n ' s corona in the white light portion of the s p e c t r u m . D r . George E. Mueller, NASA Associate Administrator for Manned Space F l i g h t , h a s s a i d the ATM "provides a new g r e a t capability f o r a v a r i e t y of s o l a r and s t e l l a r scientific experiments" to be p e r f o r m e d above the a t m o s p h e r e , w h e r e the sun and s t a r s c a n be c l e a r l y o b s e r v e d without being o b s c u r e d by the e a r t h ' s

A A P CLUSTER - - The Apollo Telescope Mount, shown a t top, i s one of t h e p r i n c i p a l payloads in the f i r s t Apollo Applications flights. Other m a i n e l e m e n t s a r e the Saturn I workshop, bottom, the a i r l o c k / m u l t i p l e docking a d a p t e r and Apollo s p a c e c r a f t .

-2

atmosphere.

The f i r s t ATM, one of the e a r l y Apollo Applications m i s s i o n s ,

i s a f o r e r u n n e r of m o r e advanced manned s o l a r and s t e l l a r o b s e r v a t o r i e s which will provide a n i n c r e a s e d data gathering capability for a s t r o n o m e r s . A p r o p o s e d follow-on manned orbiting o b s e r v a t o r y will have a new s e t of e x p e r i m e n t h a r d w a r e of g r e a t e r sophistication than the f i r s t one. s o l a r and s t e l l a r experiments a l r e a d y a r e under development. Ground based s c i e n t i s t s "see" the sun in only the visible light, and portions of the i n f r a r e d and r a d i o frequencies of the electromagnetic s p e c t r u m . InstruSome of the

m e n t s c a r r i e d by unmanned s p a c e c r a f t and balloons have pioneered in the field of spaceborne s o l a r a s t r o n o m y . The manned ATM o f f e r s opportunities not available with unmanned s p a c e craft.

The s c i e n t i s t - a s t r o n a u t will p e r f o r m operations requiring judgment to He will control

t s e l e c t t a r g e t s of scientific i n t e r e ~ and to point the t e l e s c o p e s .

a l l ATM e x p e r i m e n t operations in acquiring the data, including r e t r i e v a l of films. T h e s e operations can be augmented by radio contact with s c i e n t i s t s on the

ground who can r e d i r e c t the observing p r o g r a m based on ground data o r v e r b a l descriptions f r o m the a s t r o n a u t c r e w . Where ATM f i t s into AAP Sequence The Apollo Telescope Mount will be a p a r t of a c l u s t e r of h a r d w a r e in o r b i t which includes the o r b i t a l workshop and a manned Apollo command and s e r v i c e module (CSM). Saturn IB launch vehicles will place t h e s e payloads into a n e a r t h

o r b i t of 300 statute m i l e s . The orbiting c l u s t e r will be a s s e m b l e d in the following m a n n e r :

-3 The S a t u r n I workshop w i l l be placed into s p a c e f i r s t . A day o r s o l a t e r

a manned Apollo s p a c e c r a f t w i l l b e launched and will rendezvous a n d dock with t h e workshop which then will be made habitable f o r a 28-day s t a y . After t h i s

p h a s e of the o v e r a l l m i s s i o n h a s been completed and the f i r s t c r e w h a s r e t u r n e d to e a r t h , a r e v i s i t by a n o t h e r t h r e e - m a n c r e w will be made. This crew will be

conducting m e d i c a l e x p e r i m e n t s in the workshop f o r up to 56 days. The ATM i s planned f o r the f i r t h flight. In this dual launch, t h e l u n a r module

( L M ) a s c e n t s t a g e /ATM launch w i l l follow a manned command / s e r v i c e module launch. The two vehicles rendezvous and dock. After this o p e r a t i o n , t h e LM

a s c e n t s t a g e i s manned and the combined vehicles rendezvous with the w o r k s h o p which h a s r e m a i n e d in o r b i t a f t e r completion of the e a r l i e r portion of i t s m i s s i o n . T h e new c r e w r e a c t i v a t e s the workshop. During the r e m a i n d e r of t h e

m i s s i o n the c l u s t e r w i l l be i n e r t i a l l y s t a b i l i z e d by t h e c o n t r o l s y s t e m on t h e L M / A T M to maintain the a x i s of the t e l e s c o p e along the sun line. s y s t e m c o n s i s t s of two main c o n t r o l loops. The c o n t r o l

The o u t e r loop u t i l i z e s a c o a r s e s u n

s e n s o r and i s s t a b i l i z e d by t h r e e l a r g e c o n t r o l moment g y r o s c o p e s which p r o v i d e b a s i c c l u s t e r o r i e n t a t i o n and stability. The inner loop i s a fine pointing s y s t e m driving the e x p e r i m e n t package. T h i s s y s t e m u s e s a v e r y p r e c i s e sun s e n s o r to a c c u r a t e l y point the e x p e r i m e n t i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n to c r e w - s e l e c t e d a r e a s on the sun. Stability on the o r d e r of

plus o r minus 2-112 a r c seconds i s a l s o provided by this v e r n i e r o r i n n e r loop c o n t r o l s y s t e m by counteracting d i s t u r b a n c e s such a s c r e w motions.

During t h i s flight, which i s t o l a s t up to eight w e e k s , the a s t r o n a u t s w i l l o b s e r v e the dynamic phenomenon on the s u r f a c e and in the c o r o n a of t h e sun. ATM E x p e r i m e n t s F i v e a u t h o r i t i e s in a s t r o n o m y and s o l a r physics a r e designing the five m a j o r e x p e r i m e n t s f o r the f i r s t ATM m i s s i o n . T h e s e e x p e r i m e n t s a r e being developed

under t h e d i r e c t i o n of the NASA-Marshall Space Flight C e n t e r . Eight m a j o r s o l a r i n s t r u m e n t s a r e employed in conducting t h i s investigation. The d e v i c e s a r e designed to provide high s p a t i a l and s p e c t r a l r e s o l u t i o n

in t h e u l t r a v i o l e t , X - r a y , white light andhydrogen-alpha (6563A) bands of t h e s p e c t r u m a n d a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y c o n c e r n e d with t h e a c t i v e r e g i o n s on t h e s o l a r d i s k o r in the corona. The f i a r l y l a r g e t e l e s c o p e s a r e mounted in a 7-foot d i a m e t e r c y l i n d r i c a l s t r u c t u r e on t h e i r unique optical bench s t r u c t u r e which i s mounted on the ATM structural spar assembly. The five p r i n c i p a l e x p e r i m e n t s a r e t h e High Altitude O b s e r v a t o r y (HAO) white light c o r o n a g r a p h , the Naval R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r y (NRL) u l t r a v i o l e t s p e c t r o h e l i o g r a p h and e x t r e m e u l t r a v i o l e t s p e c t r o g r a p h , t h e H a r v a r d College O b s e r v a t o r y (HCO) u l t r a v i o l e t scanning s p e c t r o m e t e r , a Goddard Space Flight C e n t e r (GSFC) X - r a y t e l e s c o p e and a n imaging X - r a y s p e c t r o g r a p h i c t e l e s c o p e
by A m e r i c a n Science and Engineering.

D r . R i c c a r d o Giaconni of A m e r i c a n Science and Engineering Co. Mass

Cambridge,

. , i s the p r i n c i p a l investigator

f o r the X - r a y s p e c t r o g r a p h i c t e l e s c o p e .

T h i s e x p e r i m e n t p r o p o s e s to obtain X - r a y photographs of t e m p o r a l changes a s s o c i a t e d with s o l a r activity, including f l a r e s , with a s p a t i a l r e s o l u t i o n of about

-5two a r c seconds and to simultaneously r e c o r d s p e c t r a l l y d i s b u r s e d e m i s s i o n s o v e r the r a n g e of two t o eight a n g s t r o m s with a resolution of a f r a c t i o n of a n angstrom. An e l e c t r o n i c f l a r e d e t e c t o r , in addition to the main t e l e s c o p e , will give the a s t r o n a u t a v i s u a l indication of f l a r e buildup. T h i s w i l l allow h i m to s e l e c t

a c t i v e regions and photograph the f l a r e s in the e a r l y X - r a y r i s e periods. J a m e s Milligan i s the p r i n c i p a l investigator for the Goddard Space Flight C e n t e r ' s X - r a y telescope experiment. T h i s e x p e r i m e n t u s e s a glancing incidence X - r a y and e x t r e m e ultraviolet t e l e s c o p e with a resolution capable of r e c o r d i n g the s o l a r X - r a y distribution o v e r the complete s o l a r disk and n e a r corona in the 3 to 100 a n g s t r o m s wavelength region. The information w i l l be r e c o r d e d on X-ray s e n s i t i v e 35 T h e r e a r e a l s o two proportional counters to monitor the

m i l l i m e t e r r o l l film.

t o t a l s o l a r X - r a y flux in the s p e c t r a l regions of two to eight and eight to 2 0 angstroms. This data w i l l be pulse height s o r t e d and r e c o r d e d f o r u s e by the

a s t r o n a u t f o r h i s t o r i c a l observation to identify possible f l a r e p r e c u r s o r activity changes

.
J. D. P u r c e l l of the NRL, Washington, D. C.

T h e r e a r e two Naval R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r y e x t r e m e ultraviolet e x p e r i m e n t s to be flown on the ATM. p r i n c i p a l investigator

, is

the

The f i r s t of the two i n s t r u m e n t s , E x p e r i m e n t A, i s a n e x t r e m e ultraviolet s p e c t r o h e l i o g r a p h and i s designed to photograph i m a g e s of the t o t a l d i s k i n t h e v a r i o u s wavelengths between 160 and 650 a n g s t r o m s . The main e l e m e n t s of the

-6e x t r e m e ultraviolet spectroheliograph a r e a concave grating and a f i l m s t r i p camera. Exper iment B , an e x t r e m e ultraviolet s p e c t r o g r a p h , i s designed to

photographically r e c o r d line s p e c t r o g r a m s of the s o l a r radiation between 1200 and 4400 a n g s t r o m s f r o m selected s m a l l a r e a s on the s o l a r d i s k and a t different levels a c r o s s the limb of the sun and into the corona. An additional p a r t of E x p e r i m e n t B i s the e x t r e m e ultraviolet monitor. Housed in the s a m e c a s e and closely aligned with Experiment B , i t s purpose i s to provide a television r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of the s o l a r image in the e x t r e m e ultraviolet, which i s used by the a s t r o n a u t to identify s o l a r ultraviolet f e a t u r e s not visible a t the longer wavelengths. Experiment B a l s o can be commanded by i t s a s t r o n a u t to

display a television image of the s p e c t r o g r a p h s l i t in white light. D r . L e o Goldberg of the H a r v a r d College Observatory, C a m b r i d g e , M a s s . i s the p r i n c i p a l investigator for the HCO ultraviolet scanning s p e c t r o m e t e r experiment. This experiment a c q u i r e s i t s p r i m a r y data by photoelectric con-

v e r s i o n technique with subsequent periodic data t r a n s m i s s i o n to e a r t h receiving stations. Photographic recording on 70 m i l l i m e t e r f i l m of the s p e c t r o m e t e r s 30

a r c second s q u a r e s l i t imaged against a 2 0 a r c minute s o l a r background field in the hydrogen alpha wavelength (6563A) will be used for post mission data c o r r e l a t i o n . A s i m i l a r image i s available to the a s t r o n a u t via T V monitor. The i n s t r u m e n t

s p e c t r a l l y s c a n s 30 a r c second s q u a r e a r e a s of the s o l a r disk in a range of 300 to 1310A, searching the c h r o m o s p h e r e , photosphere and corona for quiet sun phenomena, plus perturbations such a s plages, f l a r e s , filaments and a s s o c i a t e d a c t i v e regions. At l e a s t 30 a r c second s p a t i a l and 1. 5A s p e c t r a l resolution i s

anticipated with a t i m e resolution r e s p o n s e of approximately 80

milliseconds. C r . Gordon Newkirk, of the National Center for Atmospheric R e s e a r c h , High Altitude O b s e r v a t o r y , Boulder, Colo. H A 0 white light c o r o n a g r a p h .

, i s the p r i n c i p a l investigator f o r t h e

Its p u r p o s e i s to monitor the b r i g h t n e s s , f o r m

and p o l a r i z a t i o n of t h e s o l a r c o r o n a between one and one half and s i x s o l a r r a d i i f r o m the c e n t e r of the sun. T h i s i n s t r u m e n t c o n s i s t s principally of the t h r e e f o r w a r d ( s u n d i r e c t i o n ) e x t e r n a l occulting d i s k s , and a modifed Lyot c o r o n a g r a p h optical s y s t e m , d r i v e mechanisms, electronics and 3 5 millimeter camera. F o u r of the five e x p e r i m e n t s have i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n built by industry. Ball

B r o t h e r s R e s e a r c h C o r p . , Boulder, C o l o . , i s manufacturing i n s t r u m e n t s f o r t h e High Altitude O b s e r v a t o r y and t h e Naval R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r y . American

Science and Engineering i s building t h e equipment for i t s e x p e r i m e n t and the H a r v a r d College O b s e r v a t o r y (HCO) e x p e r i m e n t . The M a r s h a l l Space Flight

C e n t e r h a s the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r manufacturing the Goddard e x p e r i m e n t equipment. P e r k i n - E l m e r h a s been a w a r d e d the p r i m e c o n t r a c t o r building the HCO

Hydrogen-Alpha t e l e s c o p e s and the main ATM pointing t e l e s c o p e . ATM Operation and Control T h e L M a s c e n t s t a g e c o n t r o l and display panel will b e t h e p r i m a r y e x p e r i m e n t w o r k station. F r o m t h i s point t h e c r e w w i l l c o n t r o l and monitor t h e

e x p e r i m e n t s , the pointing c o n t r o l s y s t e m , t h e i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n and communications a n d t h e power s y s t e m .

-8A television s y s t e m will enable a s t r o n a u t s a t the work station to view

i m a g e s of the sun r e c o r d e d by the telescopes.

T h e r e a r e s i x TV c a m e r a s i n

the e x p e r i m e n t package, two TV display m o n i t o r s , and the a s s o c i a t e d switches and o t h e r equipment on the c o n t r o l console. Two of the c a m e r a s w i l l o b s e r v e the portions of the d i s k through hydrogenalpha t e l e s c o p e s , with different bandwidths affording discrimination of detail.
A t h i r d c a m e r a w i l l o b s e r v e the whole sun in e x t r e m e ultraviolet.

The fourth

c a m e r a w i l l be p a r t of the N R L experiment B and w i l l o b s e r v e the s p e c t r o g r a p h

3 x 6 0 a r c second s l i t superimposed on the s o l a r disk in white light with a n a r r o w

field of view.

The fifth television c a m e r a will be a p a r t of the HCO s p e c t r o m e t e r ,

observing in hydrogen-alpha, the s p e c t r o m e t e r s l i t position superimposed on the s o l a r disk with a n a r r o w field of view. The .sixth c a m e r a w i l l o b s e r v e the sun's

c o r o n a , a s s e e n through the white light coronagraph occulting optics. Video switches will allow the o p e r a t o r s to o b s e r v e the s a m e e x p e r i m e n t o r two s e p a r a t e e x p e r i m e n t s a t one t i m e . The c o n t r o l station displays allow the s cientist-astronaut to monitor the s o l a r activity a n d , in conjunction with investigators on the ground, d e t e r m i n e sun f e a t u r e s of scientific i n t e r e s t for detailed investigation. T h i s activity not only

involves c o n t r o l of which i n s t r u m e n t s a r e active and what p r o g r a m i s d e s i r e d , but allows the a s t r o n a u t to p r e c i s e l y position the i n s t r u m e n t s on specific r e g i o n s of s o l a r activity and to t r a v e r s e t h e m accordingly.

F i l m r e t r i e v a l i s a n important p a r t of the proposed ATM flight.

Astronauts

.>,ill r e t r i e v e hnd change f i l m .

suits.

T h i s i s done outside the s p a c e c r a f t in p r e s s u r i z e d

The f i l m will be s t o r e d in the command module f o r the r e t u r n t r i p to e a r t h . ATM P h y s i c a l Description

NASA, w h e r e p o s s i b l e , i s using a maximum amount of available Apollo equipment for the Apollo Telescope Mount m i s s i o n module. This module i s made ATM

up of a lunar module a s c e n t stage and a "rack" in place of the descent stage. design e n g i n e e r s e s t i m a t e the weight of the ATM payload w i l l be n e a r l y 31,000 pounds.

The a s c e n t stage i s expected to weigh about 11,000 pounds and the r a c k

with i t s e x p e r i m e n t package w i l l be n e a r l y 20,000 pounds. C o n t r o l station f o r the c r e w w i l l be in the modified lunar module a s c e n t stage. Modifications will be concerned mainly with the controls and displays Some of the s p e c i a l e l e c t r o n i c s added t o

a n d expendables f o r mission duration.

the l u n a r module will include television monitors to view e x p e r i m e n t d i s p l a y s , pointing c o n t r o l i n s t r u m e n t s , and other devices f o r experiment control. The "rack" i s a n octagonal t r u s s s t r u c t u r e approximately 114 inches deep. It supports the ATM experiment package and the LM a s c e n t s t a g e . F o r the

launch p h a s e , the r a c k attaches to the launch vehicle at the four s p a c e c r a f t - l u n a r module -adapter support points. T h e r e i s a 102-inch d i a m e t e r support ring c a r r i e d a t the c e n t e r of the r a c k . This r i n g s u p p o r t s the gimbal bearings r e q u i r e d f o r fine pointing.

The 8 2 -inch d i a m e t e r cylindrical experiment package i s 135 inches long. An i n t e r i o r c r u c i f o r m s t r u c t u r e extends the length of the experiment package and divides the cylinder into f o u r equal p a r t s . The telescopes of the five ATM

e x p e r i m e n t s a r e mounted on the c r u c i f o r m s t r u c t u r e . This cylinder i s actively cooled to maintain a n i n t e r n a l s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e of 50 d e g r e e s by a liquid coolant which i s c i r c u l a t e d in the cylinder's skin.
A s o l a r shield is located around the pointing end of the e x p e r i m e n t package

in s u c h a way t h a t i t does not i n t e r f e r e with movement.

This device p r o t e c t s the T e m p e r a t u r e s in Exhaust

r a c k ' s e l e c t r o n i c components f r o m the s u n ' s d i r e c t radiation.

s o m e 100 "black boxes" on the r a c k a r e to be passively controlled.

d e f l e c t o r s a r e to be placed beneath the lunar module's reaction control s y s t e m engines to p r o t e c t ATM components f r o m exhausts and to p r o t e c t the p r e c i s i o n m i r r o r s f r o m contaminants.
A gimbal s y s t e m a t t a c h e s the experiment package to the support r i n g on the

rack.

The gimbal s y s t e m allows the cylinder to be moved plus o r minus two

d e g r e e s in pitch and yaw and plus o r minus 9 5 d e g r e e s in r o l l and i s used f o r f i n e pointing control. The ATM e x p e r i m e n t package i s mounted in the launch condition s o it extends f r o m the engine bay of the lunar module a s c e n t stage to the f o r w a r d bulkhead of the S-IVB s t a g e .

L a r g e control moment g y r o s , being built by the Bendix C o r p . , will s e r v e a s stabilization a c t u a t o r s for the complete AAP c l u s t e r . pound gyros w i l l be used f o r each flight ATM. T h r e e of the 400

The devices have 2 2 inch wheels

which revolve a t high s p e e d s , 8000 revaluations p e r minute, in pointing and controlling the attitude of the c l u s t e r . F i n e pointing of the experiment package w i l l be achieved by a closed loop torque s y s t e m operating the fine gimbals under the control of a fine sun s e n s o r package and r a t e gyro package. ATM power w i l l be provided by a combination of s o l a r c e l l s and r e c h a r g e able batteries. F o u r s o l a r c e l l a r r a y s m e a s u r i n g some 1200 s q u a r e feet in total E l e c t r i c power generated by the s o l a r c e l l s will be routed There i s a battery, a

a r e a a r e being planned.

through a d i s t r i b u t o r to each of the 18 power modules.

i

b a t t e r y c h a r g e r , a regulator and sensing and c o n t r o l c i r c u i t r y i n e a c h power module . ATM Manufacturing and Testing ATM h a r d w a r e i s taking shape in the M a r s h a l l C e n t e r ' s manufacturing shops and the many testing a r e a s a r e gearing up for extensive testing in 1968. An ATM mockup h a s been a t the Center f o r some t i m e and i s being used in engineering design e x e r c i s e s . T h e r e a l s o i s a n e u t r a l buoyancy t e s t a r t i c l e a t

the C e n t e r f o r underwater t e s t s . Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering L a b o r a t o r y i s working on the design of the r a c k which will be built in the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory.

-12 Vacuum c h a m b e r t e s t s a r e underway in the P r o p u l s i o n and Vehicle Engineering Laboratory. chamber. Two t e s t s have b e e n conducted in a 12-foot d i a m e t e r

T h e s e include a t e s t of a q u a r t e r s e c t i o n of the ATM e x p e r i m e n t

c a n n i s t e r , using mockup v e r s i o n s of t h e Naval R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r y a n d A m e r i c a n Science and E n g i n e e r i n g e x p e r i m e n t s , and of the fine s u n s e n s o r . T h e r e h a s a l s o b e e n a t h e r m a l deflection t e s t . ATM v i b r a t i o n t e s t i n g w i l l t a k e p l a c e on newly-installed equipment in t h e P r o p u l s i o n and Vehicle E n g i n e e r i n g L a b o r a t o r y .
w i l l be tested here.

The prototype and flight m o d e l s

T e s t L a b o r a t o r y w i l l do a vacuum development t e s t i n g on a one q u a r t e r s e g m e n t of t h e A T M r a c k t h i s y e a r . The lab w i l l a l s o do component qualification

t e s t i n g of the ATM c o n t r o l m o m e n t g y r o in a t h e r m a l - v a c u u m c h a m b e r l a t e r t h i s year. T h e deployment m e c h a n i s m of the ATM and workshop s o l a r panels w i l l undergo e x t e n s i v e t e s t i n g in the T e s t L a b o r a t o r y . A t e s t f i x t u r e designed b y A s t r i o n i c s

L a b o r a t o r y w i l l be provided to p e r m i t t e s t i n g t h e s e panels under s i m u l a t e d low g r a v i t y conditions. Quality a n d Reliability A s s u r a n c e L a b o r a t o r y h a s developed a n o n d e s t r u c t i v e t e s t s y s t e m f o r locating bond d e f e c t s in ATM honeycomb s o l a r c e l l m o d u l e s . The

a u t o m a t e d s y s t e m was adapted by modifying a n existing S p e r r y u l t r a s o n i c a u t o m a t i c scanning and r e c o r d i n g s y s t e m . A m a x i m u m of five modules m a y be t e s t e d .

As t r i o n i c s L a b o r a t o r y , l e a d l a b o r a t o r y f o r t h e ATM,is t e s t i n g components of t h e c o n t r o l m o m e n t gyro. Another i m p o r t a n t development in A s t r i o n i c s i s a

d e v i c e t o s i m u l a t e ATM s t a b i l i z a t i o n conditions.

-13 ATM P r o j e c t Management E n g i n e e r s and s c i e n t i s t s a t the NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center have the job of engineering the Apollo Telescope Mount, directing the development of the e x p e r i m e n t s , and integrating the e n t i r e s y s t e m f o r the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight. The ATM p r o g r a m a t MSFC i s under the direction of Leland Belew, d i r e c t o r Applications Office in Industrial Operations. of the S a t u r n / ~ p o l l o Rein I s e i s the

ATM p r o j e c t manager and William Keathley i s the ATM e x p e r i m e n t s m a n a g e r . Under the Mar s h a l l C e n t e r ' s lead l a b o r a t o r y concept, Astrionics L a b o r a t o r y , under the direction of Dr. Walter H a e u s s e r m a n n , i s charged with the ATM t e c h n i c a l program. William Horton i s a s s i s t a n t l a b o r a t o r y d i r e c t o r for ATM. Arthur

White i s technical experiments manager. and Norman Gilino i s s y s t e m s engineer.

Gene Cagle i s engineering m a n a g e r ,

D r . E r n s t Stuhlinger, d i r e c t o r of the Space Sciences L a b o r a t o r y , i s the chief s c i e n t i s t f o r the ATM project. Scientists in the Space Sciences L a b o r a t o r y

and e n g i n e e r s in the Astrionics L a b o r a t o r y have been a s s i g n e d to w o r k with the p r i n c i p a l i n v e s t i g a t o r s in developing the s o l a r experiments.