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Doctor of Philosophy : Some Information, Some Dissemination

Dr. S. P. Mishra dr.spmishra@gmail.com

Ph.D is a genuine endeavor to acquire, create and amass more knowledge. It is always carried out under the guidance of a Supervisor. It contributes substantially to the country for the development. The target 2020 is to create 20,000 Ph.D per year and it requires lot of planning and effort. This paper discusses these for information.

1.

Introduction

The degree Doctor of Philosophy, generally referred as Ph.D, carrys the impression that the person who hole this degree has mastered the intricacies of his subject and is an expert in his field. With a name prefix with Ph.D, gives us profound satisfaction, confidence, and the sense of front runner in all professional activity with leadership. It is the highest level of academic degree, one can peruse any country, anywhere of the globe. Planning for Ph.D and competing successfully requires confidence, patience, sincerity, hard work, and zeal for in depth knowledge. 2. Objectives

Ph.D is a genuine endeavor to acquire, create and amass more knowledge. The student develop strong analytical skills, independent thinking, report and project writing abilities. This leads to the assignment of independent responsibilities to tackle different problems. Hence, Ph.D are set forth with the following objectives on the principle of (1) Achievement, (2) Analysis, (3) Acquire and (4) Ability. y y y y y y y y y y Achievement of highest level of an academic degree Achievement of capabilities of scientific analysis of any problem Achievement of creativity of mind Analysis of past trends Analysis of contemporary trends for development Acquire of new knowledge Acquire of writing research papers or compact papers. Ability to write a project report with all documentation Ability for research, scientific, economic, managerial or humanitarian Ability to guide research.

Working on research is a sheer job, exploring concepts which have not explored, solving the problems, not solved before. It makes people bright, dynamic and unequal 1

profession than any other profession. The researcher must have few As in addition to those 4 As mentioned before like Accordance, Accreditable, Adventurous, Affirmative, Amenable, Archivist, and Assertive.

3.

Requirements

University Grants Commission (UGC) is the highest institution to set the guidelines for Ph.D enrolments and necessary rules and regulations to carry out the project. An entrance test followed by an interview of the student to discuss their research area is essential. After enrolling for Ph.D every student will have to do course work for at least a semester, as per Ph.D requirements or pre-research preparation. IITs from their inception made the principle to complete 6 to 18 credits as pre Ph.D course work. Specific graduation and/or post graduation is the minimum requirement for enrolment. Practical or industrial exposure or field experience is not essential for it. A student can enroll for Ph.D at any point of his/her carrier. There are different opinions about the time, when Ph.D should start. One group thinks it is best to do Ph.D immediately after post graduation. A student immediately after post graduation have the necessary enthusiasm, sincerity, zeal for hard working and it all helps to carry out Ph.D with necessary mind and determination. However, being new in the field of analysis and project formulation as well as lack of practical exposure may not give adequate confidence and foresight for the work. As a result, the research student have to depend upon the guide. On the other hand, a few years of practical experience will enable the student to carry out Ph.D work with necessary foresight, maturity, and confidence to handle and handle the problem, associated with Ph.D projects. It will be helpful to understand the field better and identify what is exactly required to peruse in field of interest and Ph.D thesis. 4. Role of Supervisor

Ph.D project is always carried out under the guidance of a Supervisor. Universities recognize only selected academicians to supervise Ph.D works. So, it is essential to choose proper/good mentor/guide/supervisor. It depends more upon the dynamism of the guide for timely completion of the work with quality and in depth analysis. There must be a lot of freedom, encouragement, communication and motivation from the guide. The role of supervisor is equally important for the adequate and appropriate guidance. There should be proper ethics and honesty for the guide to accomplish this task. This creates a better understanding, proper communication, higher transparency and zeal for in depth analysis to achieve the objectives of Ph.D. 5. Opportunity

Based on research findings and activities, one can get the employment in Industry, R & D, service sector, Research Organisations and of course in academics. Owing to this, in most Research lab and Research organisation, the majority of the work force present are Ph.Ds. 2

Ph.Ds have more opportunity in academics. Technical education, at present creates better scope for Ph.D in Engineering, Science, particularly physics, chemistry, and Mathematics, English, Economics, Commerce and Management. With privatization of higher education, specifically technical education, there is a high rise of engineering colleges in the country. Presently AICTE put forth its guidelines that Professors as well as Associate Professors must have a Ph.D degree. In addition to this, sixth pay commission awards special incentives for Ph.D degree holders. 6. Contribution to Nation

Higher education must necessarily develop three essential qualities i.e., duty, discipline, and devotion to enable people to usefully contribute to the society. The national skill mission, chaired by Hon prime Minister, evolves around optimal utilization of the intellectual capabilities available both informal sector of education as well as in other sectors. Above all a Ph.D contribute substantially to the country for the development in terms of innovative knowledge, research findings, and transfer of the findings to new and marketable products, innovative process, specific service, or its financial, scientific, or humanitarian aspects. 7. Indian scenario

Once upon a time, India was a leader to carry out Ph.D work. Nalanda is one of the great universities of the world in the recorded history, before formation of Harvard or Yale or Oxford University. Nalanda University had more than 10,000 students, and 2,000 professors engaged in teaching, learning and research process. At present India is producing average 8,900 Ph.Ds a year. On the other hand, few Indian students are migrating to USA, Australia and other countries to do their Ph.D with a hope to settle there. It is still a fraction of the number in comparison with China and USA, where the number is above 50,000. The present position does not match with the population and economy. Owing to this, the target 2020 is to create 20,000 Ph.D per year. Enhancing the output more than double means, there is urgent requirement lot to plan, to regulate, to dedicate, to supervise, to involve in the system and in the process. University, Institute, Departments, Research Guides should put forward their transparent guidelines and sincere dedication to make the mission successful.

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