Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism

Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism Learning objectives After completing this simulation experiment one should be able to

Theory

Determine the linear acceleration of the piston of a reciprocating engine or compressor at any given crank angle, for a given crank and connecting rod length Determine the angular acceleration of connecting rod Determine the normal and tangential acceleration any given link in the slider crank mechanism Calculate the dynamic force at any given link cg at any given instance Explain the effect of ratio on different link acceleration

Basic theory is given under different subsections in the same document.

Slider crank mechanism analysis Inversions Fourth inversion Position analysis First inversion Velocity analysis Second inversion Acceleration Third inversion

Slider Crank Mechanism

The slider-crank mechanism is one of the most useful mechanisms in modern technology since it appears in most of the internal combustion engines including automobiles, trucks and small engines. The slider-crank kinematic chain consists of four bodies linked with three cylindrical joints and one sliding or prismatic joint. It is used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion.

Figure 1: Slider Crank

The arm may be a bent portion of the shaft, or a separate arm attached to it. Attached to the end of SOLVE the virtual lab@ NITK Surathkal Mechanics of Machines Lab (MoM Lab)

Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually called a connecting rod. The end of the rod attached to the crank moves in a circular motion, while the other end is usually constrained to move in a linear sliding motion, in and out.

Position Analysis

Figure 2: Slider Crank system with offset

Figure 1 shows a slider-crank mechanism in which the stroke-line of the slider doesnt pass through the axis of rotation of the crank. 3 in clockwise direction from x-axis is taken as negative. Then,

And

Where,

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Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism

Velocity Analysis

Let be the velocity of the slider, and 3 be the angular velocity of the coupler link. Then, from the data gleaned from the position analysis and the crank velocity, 2, we have ( )

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Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism

Acceleration Analysis

Differentiating the earlier equations from velocity analysis, we end up with the acceleration data of the slider crank. With the prior knowledge of the angular acceleration of the crank, 2, the parameters such as the linear acceleration of the slider, , and the angular acceleration of the coupler, 3. ( ) ( )

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Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism

Inversions

Figure 3: Inversions

Different mechanisms obtained by fixing different links of a kinematics chain are known as its inversions. A slidercrank chain has the following inversions: 1. First inversion (i.e., Reciprocating engine and compressor) 2. Second inversion (i.e., Whitworth quick return mechanism and Rotary engine) 3. Third inversion (i.e., Oscillating cylinder engine and crank & slotted lever mechanism) 4. Fourth inversion (Hand pump)
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Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism

First Inversion
In this type of inversion CE is held fixed and A rotates around C along a circle and B slides back and forth along CE.

Figure 4: First Inversion

Figure 5: Reciprocating Engine

This is the most common type of inversion. It is used in reciprocating engine and compressor.
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Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism

Second Inversion
In this type of inversion C and A are both held fixed and the link CE rotates in a circle around C. The slider B slides back and forth along the rotating CE.

Figure 6: Second Inversion

Whitworth Quick-Return Mechanism In this inversion of the slider-crank the slider guide link is made to rotate. This is called a quick-return mechanism. This linkage also converts rotary motion of the crank into oscillatory angular motion of the slider guide link. This mechanism is used in shaper machine tools for cutting metals. Joseph Whitworth was a 19th century British engineer and inventor.

Figure 7: Whitworth Quick-Return Mechanism

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Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism

Third Inversion
In this type of inversion A and B are both held fixed but the slider is allowed to swivel.

Figure 8: Third Inversion

Figure 9: Oscillating Cylinder

The oscillating cylinder engine is a form of a slider-crank mechanism. This mechanism is used often in door damper mechanisms. In the 19th century the oscillating cylinder was used on steam locomotives.

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Acceleration analysis of slider crank mechanism

Fourth Inversion
In this type of inversion the slider B is held fixed and CE slides back and forth through the slider.

Figure 10: Fourth Inversion

Example: Hand pump Previous

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