Field experiment:

A field experiment applies the scientific method to experimentally examine an intervention in the real world or as many experimentalists like to say, naturally-occurring environments rather than in the laboratory. Unlike case studies and observational studies, a field experiment still follows all of the steps of the scientific process, addressing research problems and generating hypotheses. The obvious advantage of a field study is that it is practical and also allows experimentation, without artificially introducing confounding variables. Social scientists and psychologists often used field experiments to perform blind studies, where the subject was not even aware that they were under scrutiny. A good example of this is the Piliavin and Piliavin experiment, where the propensity of strangers to help blood covered 'victims' was measured. This is now frowned upon, under the policy of informed consent, and is only used in rare and highly regulated circumstances. Field experiments can suffer from a lack of a discrete control group and often have many variables to try to eliminate. For example, if the effects of a medicine are studied, and the subject is instructed not to drink alcohol, there is no guarantee that the subject followed the instructions, so field studies often sacrifice internal validity for external validity.

Survey:
A survey is a data collection tool used to gather information about individuals. Surveys are commonly used in psychology research to collect self-report data from study participants. A survey may focus on factual information about individuals, or it might aim to collect the opinions of the survey takers. A survey can be administered in a couple of different ways. In one method known as a structured interview, the researcher asks each participant the questions. In the other method known as a questionnaire, the participant fills out the survey on his or her own. Surveys are generally standardized to ensure that they have reliability and validity. Standardization is also important so that the results can be generalized to the larger population.

Advantages of Using Surveys

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Surveys allow researchers to collect a large amount of data in a relatively short period of time. Surveys are less expensive than many other data collection techniques. Surveys can be created quickly and administered easily.

Surveys can be used to collect information on a wide range of things, including personal facts, attitudes, past behaviors and opinions.

Disadvantages of Using Surveys

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Poor survey construction and administration can undermine otherwise well-designed studies. The answer choices provided on a survey may not be an accurate reflection of how the participant truly feels. While random sampling is generally used to select participants, response rates can bias the results of a survey.

Survey Techniques:
Surveys come in a wide range of forms and can be distributed using a variety of media. Some of them are given below: y y y Group Administered Questionnaires Oral Surveys Electronic Surveys

Group Administered Questionnaires:

Imagine that you are interested in finding out how instructors who teach composition in computer classrooms at your university feel about the advantages of teaching in a computer classroom over a traditional classroom. You have a very specific population in mind then this type of survey is best option for you.

Advantages
y y This survey is generally administered to a sample of respondents in a group setting, guaranteeing a high response rate. This type of survey can be very versatile, allowing for a spectrum of open and closed ended types of questions and can serve a variety of specific purposes, particularly if you are trying to survey a very specific group of people.

Disadvantages
y This method requires a small sample, and as a result is not the best method for surveys that would benefit from a large sample. This method is only useful in cases that call for very specific information from specific groups. Since this method requires a group of respondents to answer the survey together, this method requires a slot of time that is convenient for all respondents.

Oral Survey:
Oral surveys are considered more personal forms of survey than the written or electronic methods. Oral surveys are generally used to get thorough opinions and impressions from the respondents. Oral surveys can be administered in several different ways. For instance, in a group interview, as opposed to a group administered written survey, each respondent is not given an instrument (an individual questionnaire). Instead, the respondents work in groups to answer the questions together while one person takes notes for the whole group. Another more familiar form of oral survey is the phone survey. Phone surveys can be used to get short one word answers (yes/no), as well as longer answers.

Advantages
y Oral surveys conducted either on the telephone or in person give the interviewer the ability to answer questions from the participant. If the participant, for example, does not understand a question or needs further explanation on a particular issue, it is possible to converse with the participant. Although obtaining a certain number of respondents who are willing to take the time to do an interview is difficult, the researcher has more control over the response rate in oral survey research than with other types of survey research.

Disadvantages
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The most obvious disadvantage of face-to-face and telephone survey is the cost. It takes time to collect enough data for a complete survey, and time translates into payroll costs and sometimes payment for the participants. Using face-to-face interview for your survey may also introduce bias, from either the interviewer or the interviewee.

Electronic Surveys:
With the growth of the Internet (and in particular the World Wide Web) and the expanded use of electronic mail for business communication, the electronic survey is becoming a

more widely used survey method. Electronic surveys can take many forms. They can be distributed as electronic mail messages sent to potential respondents. They can be posted as World Wide Web forms on the Internet. And they can be distributed via publicly available computers in high-traffic areas such as libraries and shopping malls. In many cases, electronic surveys are placed on laptops and respondents fill out a survey on a laptop computer rather than on paper.

Advantages
y y y y y y It is less expensive to send questionnaires online than to pay for postage or for interviewers. It is easier to make changes to questionnaire and to copy and sort data. Questionnaires can be delivered to recipients in seconds, rather than in days as with traditional mail. Research shows that response rates on private networks are higher with electronic surveys than with paper surveys or interviews. Due to the speed of online networks, participants can answer in minutes or hours, and coverage can be global. Research shows that respondents may answer more honestly with electronic surveys than with paper surveys or interviews.

Disadvantages:
y y y y Population and sample limited to those with access to computer and online network. Constructing the format of a computer questionnaire can be more difficult the first few times, due to a researcher's lack of experience. More instruction and orientation to the computer online systems may be necessary for respondents to complete the questionnaire. Due to the open nature of most online networks, it is difficult to guarantee anonymity and confidentiality.

Importance of survey in the Field Psychology:

Survey is very important in psychology. It plays an important role to understand the behavior of human being. Survey tells us that what a person thinks about his surroundings, environment and how he reacts after knowing it.

Selected Method:
In the present field survey ten (10) Businessmen were visited and administrated of questionnaire consisting of twenty five (25) MCQs items and results. The completed survey was submitted to the supervisor as desired.