Pediatric Respiratory Disease

1. Chloric inflammation is associate with a. Airway hyper responsiveness b. Airways become obstructed c. Limitation of airflow d. All of the above e. B and C only 2. Presence of a pulmonary sling can cause hypoxemia due to the following a. Interfere with deglutition b. Impede air exchange c. Increase respiratory secretions d. B and C only e. None of the above 3. In pneumonia , I poor response to the initial antibiotic therapy is noted on should consider a. Changing the antibiotic b. Reevaluate the diagnosis c. Start a macrolide d. All of the above e. A and B only 4. Measurement of lung function in asthma a. Spirometry b. Exercise challenge test c. Metacholine test d. Skin test e. Measurement for specific Ige 5. Stage Of vascular congestion and edema in pneumonia a. Deposition of fibrin in pleural surfaces b. Release of inflammatory mediators c. Macrophages ingest and remove degenerated fibrin and bacteria d. Leukocyte infiltration e. Consolidation of lung parenchyma 6. All are Medical management in bronchiectatis except. a. Antibiotics b. Physiotherapy c. Lobectomy d. Bronchodilators e. Oxygen supplementation 7. Sign and symptom of respiratory failure a. Grunting

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b. Cyanosis c. Apnea d. Head bobbing e. All of above Most serious complication of foreign body aspiration a. Complete obstruction of the airway b. Recurrent respiratory infection c. Hemoptysis d. Persistent coughing e. Laryngeal edema Aside from chest retraction ,the indication for admission in community acquired a. Mild dehydration b. Compliant caregiver c. Presence of co morbid illness d. Able to feed e. All of above A 2 month old infant is having tachypnea if the respiratory rate is a. 40/ min b. Above 50/min c. Above 70/min d. 20/min e. None Community acquired pneumonia in a 3 year old child can be diagnose clinical presence of a. Tachycardia b. High grade fever c. Tachypnea and/ or chest indrawing d. Crackles e. A and B only True of tracheal stenosis except a. Associated with laryngeal anomalies b. Acquired from prolonged intubation c. Can present with severe respiratory distress d. Incompatible with life e. Definitive treatment is surgical correction Most common site for congenital lobar emphysema a. Right middle lobe b. Left upper lobe c. Lingual d. Right upper lobe e. Left lower lobe Management for hospitalized patient with pneumonia except a. Antibiotics

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b. Iv hydration c. Oxygen supplementation d. Adequate nutrition e. Cough suppressants In lung abscess if the aspiration occurs in upright position, the affected lobe will be a. Posterior segment of the upper lobe b. Apical segment of lower lobe c. Right middle lobe d. Lingual e. All of the above Controller medication in asthma is used to a. Improve lung function b. . c. . d. . e. All of above Duration of antimicrobial therapy in lung abscess a. 7days b. 4weeks c. 6weeks d. 3months e. One year The following statements are true of asthma except a. Airway inflammation is a consistent feature b. Wheezing maybe absent in severe attacks of asthma c. The risk of developing asthma is primarily genetic and environment d. Clinical manifestations cannot be controlled even with medications e. Variable airflow that is often reversible The following is /are complications of lung abscess a. Brain abscess b. Brochopulmonary fistula c. Pneumothorax d. Septicemia e. All of above

A. Exudates B. Transudate y (A) Pleural fluid/serum protein ratio > 0.5 y (A)Bacterial pneumonia y (B) Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure y (A) pH < 7.2 y (B) pleural fluid LDH < 200 IU/l C. bacterial pneumonia D. viral pneumonia E. Both y (E) Consolidation y (D) Lymphocyte predominance y (C) Respiratory failure y (C) Pleural effusion F. Bronchogenic cyst G. Congenital lobar emphysema H. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia I. Pulmonary sequestration J. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation K. Bronchietatasis y (I) Pulmonary tissue that is isolated from a normal functioning lung y (H) Scaphoid abdomen y (G) Collapse of the distal airway with air trapping due to a deficiency of bronchil cartilage y (H) Gastric air bubble in the chest y (J) Tendency for malignant transformation y (K) William campbell syndrome y (J) Multiple air filled cystic mass of varying sizes True or False 1. (False) Pneumonia associated with pleural effusion are usually viral in.. 2. (True)Trachea is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 3. (False) Pulmonary surfactant is secreted by squamous epithelial cells also know as type 1 pneumocytes (type 1 =gas exchange type 2 =surfactan) 4. Bronchoscopy is the best method to assess dynamics of the air way

5. (True) Antibiotics has no role in the treatment of acute bronchitis since it is common cause by viral agents 6. (False) Most common etiologic agent causing bronchiolitis is influenza virus 7. (True) 90 % of congenital diaphragmatic hernia are seen on the left side. (bochdalek Hernia) 8. Percutaneus drainage is indicated in lung abscess if not responsive to medical management 9. (False) Normal pleural fluid has a protein content of > 2 gm/l 10. (False) Morgagni hernia is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (bochdalek Hernia) 11. Complications of pneumonia are usually due to direct spread of bacterial infection within the thoracic cavity 12. Sputum culture is mandatory for all patients suspected of having pneumonia before starting antibiotic therapy 13. (False) Pulmonary hypoplasia is incompatible with life