( Reaffirmed 2001 )

f$ : 284% - 1986

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR INDUSTRTAL PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETER SENSORS

( First Revision )
Industrial Process Measurement and Control Committee, ETDC 67
Chairman PROP J. K. Caounnua~ Jadavpur University, Calcutta Members Refrescnting Sett and De, Calcutta SHRI ABHIJIT DE M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta SHRI A~ITAVA SENWPTA SEW ACHINTYA KUMER BISWAS ( Alternate ) SERI R. S. ARORA Dire;too; ,fteeneral of Supplies and Disposals, Indian Oil ?Zorporation, New Delhi SHRI G. BALARAM SERI S. P. MATEUI~ (Alternate ) Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants India SERI G. BALASUBRAL~ANIAN Ltd, Ranchi SHRI S. K. MlTuA (&tern&) Instrumentation Ltd, Kota SHRI K. R. BANERJEE SHRI V. S. RA~ADAS ( Alternate ) Durgapur Steel Plant ( SAIL ), Durgapur SHRI J. K. CEATTERJEE Central Scientific Instruments Organization, SHRI D. P. GOEL Chandigarh SHRI A. N. AQARWAL ( Alternate) Udayraj and Sons, Bombay SHRI R. K. GOLIYA SERI P. C. G~LIYA ( Alternate ) Electronics Corporation of India Ltd, Hyderbad SHRI G. L. KHANDUJA of Electrical Measuring lnstitute for Design SHRI P. K. KRISIINAMURTHI Instruments, Bombay DR K. RA~ANI ( Alternate ) National Test House, Calcutta SHRI B. MUEHOPADHYA Controllerate of Inspection of Electronics, SHRI N. NARAYANA RAO Baogalore SHRI D. R. DHIMAN ( Alternate ) ( Continued on bag.4 2 ) 0 BUREAU Copyright 1987 STANDARDS

Sectional

OF INDIAN

This publication is protected under the Indian CopVright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

( Continued from page 1 ) Members SHRI B. PYNE

SHRI D. V. S. RAJU

Cdlcutta Electric Calcutta ELICO

Supply

Corporation

( I) Ltd,

SHRI A. GHOSH ( Alternate )

Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad

SHRI M. ANAHD ( Alternate ) SHRI S. RAMANATHAN

SHRI V. S. RAMDASS SHRI RAMDAS KISSENDAS SHRI S. K. SHARMA ( Alternate ) Institute of Paper Technology, Saharanpur DR N. J. RAO DR S. K. ACIARWAL (Alternate ) Beacon Rotork Controls Ltd, Madras SHRI A. RAVI PRASAD SHRI N. SRIRAMAN ( Alternate ) Project and Development India Ltd, Bihar SHRI K. P. SHARMA .. \ SHRI V. N. SRIVASTAVA ( Alternare ) Tata Consulting Engineers, Bangalore SHRI M. S. SHETTY SHRI K. G. SRINIVASAN ( Alternate) Department of Atomic Energy, Bombay SHRI CH. SURENDER SHRI S. RAMAKRISHNAN ( Alternate j National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi SERI S. P.SURI DR A. F. CHHAPGAR ( Alternate ) Directorate General of Technical Development, SHRI K. K. TANEJA New Delhi SHRI MOHANJEET SIN~H ( Alternate ) Toshniwal Industries Pvt Ltd, Ajmer SERI M. G. TOSHNIWAL SHRI S. C. MAHESHWARI ( Alternate ) Procorn Engineers, Calcutta SHRI 1. UDANI S&I N. BANDYOPADHYAY ( Alternate ) Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI A. K. VERMA SEIRI R. RHANOT ( Alternate ) Associated Instrument Manufacturers ( I ) Pvt Ltd, SHRI H. C. VERMA New Delhi SHRI M. D. NAIR ( Alternate ) Director General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member ) SHRI S. P. SAOHDEV, Director ( Elec tech ) Secsetav SHRI B. K. MAHATA Joint Director ( Elec tech ), BIS

Indian Drugs & Pharmaceutics Ltd, Virbhadra, Rishikesh Oil & Natural Gas Commission, Dehra Dun Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd, Vadodara

IS : 2848 - 1986

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL PLATINUM SENSORS RESISTANCE THERMOMETER

(First Revision)
0.
0.1 This

FOREWORD

Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 19 December 1986, after the draft finalizedby the Industrial Process Measurement and Control Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council. 0.2 This standard was first published in 1965. This standard is revised to bring it in line with IEC Publication 751 and also to incorporate modified test methods and modifications in temperature/resistance relationship. 0.3 In the preparation of this revised standard, assistance has been derived from IEC Publication 751-1983 Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometer Sensors issued by International Electrotechnical Commission. 0.4 For the purpose of deciding, whether a particular standard is complied with, the final value, observed or sing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained value should be the same as that of the specified value requirement of this calculated, expresin accordance with in the rounded off in this standard.

1. SCOPE
standard platinum resistance defined function suitable for all or with two tolerance ments suitable for measured.

1.1 This

specifies requirements and test methods for industrial thermometer sensors whose electrical resistance is a of temperature. The standard covers thermometers part of the temperature range -200C to 850% classes. It is primarily concerned with sheathed eleimmersion in the medium whose temperature is to be

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( reuised).

IS : 2848 - 1986 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.

2.1 Ballast Resistor - A resistor, commonly having a negligible change used in conjunction with the platinum of resistance with temperature, resistor to bring the terminal resistance of the element within specified limits. 2.2 Fundamental Interval - The resistance change ment over the temperature range 0C to 100C. of a resistance ele-

2.3 Platinum Resistance Thermometer Sensor A temperatureresponsive device consisting of a sensing resistor within a protective sheath, internal connecting wires and external terminals to permit connection of electrical measurement devices. Mounting means or connection heads may be included. Typical constructions are shown in Fig. 1.
NOTE 1 - This resistance thermometer in subsequent clauses of this standard. sensor is referred to as a thermometer with

NOTE 2 -- This definition excludes any separable the thermometer.

pocket or well provided

TERMINALS

BLOCK

RESISTOR

SHEATH

FIG. 1

TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION RESISTANCE OF THERMOMETER SENSOR

for pressure tight immersion

2.4 Sealed Element - An element suitable in a vessel without further protection.

of a 2.5 Tolerance - For the purpose of this standard the tolerance resistance thermometer is the maximum allowable deviation expressed in degrees Celsius from the nominal resistance temperature relationship such as given in Table 1.

fS t 2sia - 1986
3. CONSTRUCTION 3.1 The conductor should be wound such that the method of supports shall avoid strain in the element both during fabrication and use. 3.2 The element shall be constructed so that no voltage is generated within them. 4. RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS 4.1 Temperature/Resistance Relationships - The temperaturelresistance relationships used in this standard are as follows: i) for the range 200C to 0C: 100 )ts ] Rt = R, [ 1 + At + Btl + C ( t ii) for the range of 0C to 850C: Rt = R,, ( 1 + At + Bts ) For the quality of platinum commonly used for industrial resistance thermometers the values of the constants in these equations are: 3.908 02 x 10-3 C-1 B^ : - 5.802 x IO- C-a - 4.273 50 x 10-12 C-4 c= For resistance thermometers satisfying the above relationship temperature coefficient: CI = 0.003 850 C-l alpha is defined as follows: R 100 the

a=

RO

100 x R,-

C-1

where RI00 is resistance at IOOC and R, resistance at 0C. These equations are listed as the basis for the temperature/resistance tables of this standard and are not intended to be used for calibration of individual thermometers. Values of temperature in this standard are in the International tical Temperature Scale of 1968 ( IPTS-68 ). Prac-

the resistance values defined by NOTE - Unless specified by the manufacturer the above equations do not include resistance of the leads between the sensing resistor and terminations.

4.2 Resistance Values - Most thermometers are constructed to have a nominal resistance of lOOn or 1OQ at 0C. The preferred value is lOO!Z The 1OQ is built with heavier wire for more reliable service above 600C. Values of resistance using the equations of 4.1 are given in Table 1. 5

TABLE

TEMPERATURE/RESISTANCE ( Clause 4.3.1 )

RELATIONSHIP

. . g A. 0, I

R (0) 100'00 = A-2

a = 0003 85OC-1
6 7 8 -

I_ - EIPY-68
-200
-150 -180 -170 -160 - 150 - 140 -130 -120 -110 - 100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 tl :!I 30 40 50 60 70

10

I EIPT-6%
-200 - 190 -180 -170 - 160 -150 -140 -130 --12v -110 -100 -90 -%O 70 160 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

5:
z

o\

18.49 22.%0 27.08 31.32 35.53 39.71 43.87 48.00 5211 56.19 60.25 64-30 6833 72.33 76.33 80.3 i 8427 8822 9216 9609 10000 10000 103.90 107.79 11167 13554 11940 12324 12707

2237 2665 3090 35.11 3930 4345 47.59 5170 557% 59.85 63.90 67.92 7193 75.93 7991 83.88 8783 91.77 95.69 99.61 104.29 1081% 11266 11593 119.7% 123.62 12745

2194 2623 3047 3469 388% 4304 47.1% 51.29 553% 5693::: 67.52 71.53 7553 795 1 8348 8743 91.37 9530 9922 1046% 108.57 11245 11631 12016 12401 12784

2151 2580 30.05 34.27 3846 4263 46.76 508% 54.97 5904 63.09 67.12 7113 75.13 79.11 83.0% 8704 90.9% 9491 98.83 10117 10507 10896 11283 11670 12055 12439 12822

210% 25.37 2963 33 85 38 04 42.2 1 4635 5047 5456 5863 62.68 6672 70.73 7473 78.72 8269 8664 9059 94.52 9%,44 101.56 10546 10935 113.22 11708 12093 12477 128.60

2063 2494 29.20 3343 3763 4179 4594 5006 5415 5822 62.2% 6631 7033 7433 7832 82.29 86.25 9019 9412 98.04 101.95 10585 10973 11361 11747 12132 12516 1 128.9%

2022 24.52 287% 33.01 3721 413% 4552 4964 5374 5782 6187 6591 69.93 73.93 7792 8189 8585
89.80

1979 24 09 2% 35 32.59 36.79 4096 45.11 4923 5333 57.41 61.47 6551 z:: 7752 8150 8546 89.40 93.34 9726

9373 97-65 10234 10624 11012

19.36 23.66 27.93 3216 36.37 4055 44.70 4882 52.92 57.00 6106 65.11 6913 73.13 77.13 81.10 85.06 89.0 1 92.95 96.87 10312 107.02 110.90 11477 11862 12247 12631 13013

1893 2323 2750 3174 3595 4013 442% 4841 52.52 5660 6066 64.70 6873 7273 7673 8070 8467 8862 92.55 96.48 10351 107.40 1112% 11515 11901 12286 126.69 130.51

1849 22.80 270% 3132 35.53 39.71 4387 4800 5211 56 19 6025 6430 63.33 7233 76.33 8031 84.27 8822 92.16 9609 10390 10779 11167 11554 11940 12324 127.07 13089

100.39 1007%

102 73 10663 11051 113'99 11438 117.85 11824 12170 122.09 12554 12592 12937 12975

110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190

Ei 100

-l

;z 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460

13089 13470 138.50 14229 146.06 149.82 153.58 15731 161.04 164.76 16846 17216 17584 179.51 183.17 186.82 190.45 194-07 197.69 201.29 20486 20845 21202 215.57 219.12 22265 226.17

131.27 13508 138.88 14266 14644 15020 15395 157.69 161.42 16513 16883 17253 17621 17988 18353 187.1% 19081 19444 19805 101.65 205.23 208.81 21237 215.93 21947 22300 22652 230.02 ;E: 23352 236.65 23700 240.13 24047 243.59 243.93 247 04 247.3% 250.48 25082 25390 254.24 237.32 25766 260.72 26411 26749

131.66 13546 13926 143.04 146.81 15057 154.32 15806 16179 165.50 169.20 172.90 176.57 180.24 183.90 187.54 191.18 19480 198.41 20201 20559 209 17 212.73 216 2% 219.82 223.35 22687 230.37 233.87 237.35 24082 2442% 247.73 25116 254.59 258.00 26140 26479 268.17

13242 13204 13622 13584 140.02 13964 143.42 14380 14719 14757 15095 151.33 154-70 15507 15843 158.81 16216 162.53 16587 16624 16957 16994 173.63 17326 1773 1 17694 180.61 l&T97 184.26 18463 18791 18827 19154 19190 195.16 19552 198.77 19913 20272 20236 205.95 20631 209.52 209.88 213.09 21344 216.64 2 1699 220.1% 22053 223.70 22406 227.22 22757 23107 23072 23422 23456 237.70 23804 241.17 24151 24497 24462 248.07 24841 251.50 2,i-85 254.93 255.27 2536% 25831 261.74 2620% 26513 26547 26850 26884

13280 13660 14039 14417 147 94 15170 15545 1591% 16290 16661 170-31 17400 17768 18134 18199 18863 19226 19588 19949 20308 20667 2 10.24 21380 21735 220.88 224.41 227.92 23!42 23491 23839 24186 245-3 1 248.76 252.19 25561 259.02 262.42 26580 2691%

13318 136.98 14077 144.55 14832 15208 155.82 159.55 163.27 16698 17068 17437 17804 18171 185.36 18900 19263 196.24 19995 20344 207.02 21059 21415 217-70 22124 224-76 228.27 23177 235.26 238.74 242.20 24566 249.10 25253 255.95 259.36 26276 26614 269.5 I

13356 13736 14115 144-93 14870 15245 15619 15993 163.65 167.35 17105 174.74 17841 18207 18572 18936 19299 19660 20021 203.80 207.38 2LO.95 214.51 218 05 221.59 225.11 22862 23212 235.61 239 09 24255 246.00 249.45 25288 256.29 259.70 263.10 266.4% 269.85

133.94 137.74 14153 14531 14907 15283 15657 160.30 16402 16772 17142 17510 178.78 18244 18609 18972 193.35 196.96 200.57 204.16 207.74 21131 214.86 218.41 22194 225.46 228.97 23247 23596 23943 24290 24635 249.79 253.22 256.64 26004 263.43 26682 27019

134.32 13812 14191 14568 14945 153.20 156 94 16067 16-139 16809 17 179 17547 ii9.14 1%2%0 18645 19009 19371 197.33 20093 20452 208.10 21166 215.22 21876 22229 225.81 229.32 232,82 236.31 23978 243.24 246.69 250.13 253.56 25698 260.38 263.77 267.15 27052

13470 13850 14229 146.06 14982 153.58 157.31 16104 16476 168.46 172.16 17.584 179.51 183 17 18682 19045 194.07 19769 20129 20488 20845 21202 215.57 219.12 22265 22617 229.67 23317 23665 240.13 243.59 247*&I 2504% 25390 257.32 260.72 26411 26749 270.86

80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280
290

300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 ( Continued )

.. t; g $ I 5
8

Resistance-ohms

TABLE

TEMPERATURE/RESISTANCE R (0) = 100*00 B

RELATIONSHIP cc = 0003 85OcY1

Contd

.. ki s
I

"C
EIPTr68 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750

0
27086 27422 27756 280.90 284.22 28753 29083 29411 297.39 300 65 30391 307 15 31038 31359 31680 31999 323.18 32635 32951 33266 33579 33892 342.03 34513 34822 35130 354-37 35742 36047

10

C EIPT-68 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750

CI

co

27120 274.55 27790 28123 28454 28786 29116 294.44 297.72 30098 30423 307.47 310.70 31392 31712 32031 32349 32666 329.82 33297 33611 33923 34234 34544 34853 35161 35467 357.73 36077

271.53 27489 278.23 28156 284-88 28819 29149 29477 298'04 30131 30456 30779 31102 3 1424 31744 32063 323.81 32698 33014 33328 33642 33954 34265 34575 34884 351.91 35498 35803 361.07

27187 275.22 27856 28189 28521 288.52 29181 295.10 298-37 301.63 30488 30812 311.34 314.56 317.76 32095 324.13 32730 33045 33360 336.73 33985 34296 34606 349.15 352.22 35528 358.34 36138

27220 275.56 27890 28223 28554 288.85 29214 295.43 298.70 30196 30520 30844 31167 3 1488 3 18.08 32127 32445 32761 33077 33391 337.04 34016 343.27 346.37 349.45 35253 35559 35864 361.68

27254 27589 27923 282.56 28587 289.18 29247 29575 29902 30228 30553 308.76 31199 315.20 318.46 321.59 324.76 32793 33108 33423 33736 340.48 34358 34668 34976 352.83 35590 35895 36198

27288 27623 27956 28289 28621 28951 29280 29608 29935 30261 30585 30909 31231 31552 318.72 32191 32508 32825 331.40 33454 337.67 34079 34389 34699 350.07 353.14 356.20 359.25 362.29

27321 27656 279.90 283.22 28654

309.41 31263 31584 31904 32222 32540 328.56 33171 33485 33798 34110 344 20 34730 350.38 35345 35651 35955 36259

27355 27689 28023 28355 286.87 29017 29346 29674 300.00 30326 30650 30973 31295 31616 319.36 32254 325.72 32888 33203 33517 338 29 34141 344.51 347.60 350.69 35375 35681 35986 36289

27388 277.23 280.56 28389 28720 29050 29379 297.06 300.33 30358 30682 31005 313.27 31648 31968 32286 32603 329.19 33234 33548 33861 34172 34482 34791 350.99 35406 35712 360.16 36319

27422 27756 28090 284.22 287.53 290.83 294 11

307.15 310.38 3 13.59 31680 3 1999 32318 32635 32951 33266 ~Kz 342.03 34513 348.22 351.30 35437 357.42 360.47 363.50

770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850

36350 36652 36953 372.52 37551 378.48 38145 38440 387.34 390.26

36380 36682 36983 37282 37581 37878 38174 38469 387.63

364.10 367.12 37013 37312 37610 379.08 38204 38498 387.92

364.40 36742 37043 37342 37640 379.37 38233 38528 388.21

364.71 36772 370.73 373.72 376.70 .37961 38263 385.57 38851

36501 36802 37103 374.02 377.00 379.97 38292 38587 388.80

365.31 36832 371.33 37432 37729 380.26 38322 38616 38909

36561 368.63 371.63 37461 377.59 38056 38351 38645 38939

36591 36893 37 193 37491 377.89 380-85 38381 38675 389.68

36622 36923 37222 375.21 37819 38115 384.10 387.04 38997

36652 36953 37252 37551 378.48 38 145 38440 387.34 39026

760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850

Resistance-ohms

IS :2848- 1986
4.3 Tolerances classified as follows: The tolerance values of resistance Tolerance 0.15 0.3 ( C 1 + 0.002 1 t 1 * + 0.005 thermometers are

Toblerance Class A B

1t 1

4.3.1 Thermometrs of 1OOQ nominal resistance value shall be classified according to degree of conformity with the values of Table 1. The tolerances are given in Table 2, Class A tolerances shall not be applicable to 1OOQ resistance thermometers at temperatures above 650C.
TABLE 2 TOLERANCES FOR 100 8 THERMOMETERS

TEMPERATURE ( C ) 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 800 850

Class A -

T
l(fQ)
024 014 0.06 013 0.20 0.27 033 0.38 043 046 -

Class B

(dzC)
055 0.35 0.15 0.35 055 075 095 115 135 1.45 -

(ikC)
13 08 03 0.8 13 18 23 28 33 36 3.8 43 46

(&Q)
056 032 012 030 048 064 079 093 106 113 1.17 128 134

* 1t 1 =

modulus of temperature

in degrees Celsius without regard to sign.

10

IS :2848-

1986

Fxo. 2

TOLERANCE VALUES AS A FUNCTION TEMPERATURE OF FOR 100 52 THERMOMETERS

11

IS:

2848 - 1986
SPECIFICATIONS

5. ELECTRICAL

5.1 Supply Frequency

- Thermometers shall be constructed so that they are suitable for use in measuring systems using direct curreut alternating current at frequencies up to 500 Hz.

5.2 Connecting Wire Configuration - Thermometers may be constructed with a variety of internal connecting wire configurations. Identification and designation of the terminals is therefore essential. Figure 3 shows the preferred methods. 5.3 Thermometer Identification - Each thermometer shall be marked to indicate resistance, class, connecting wire configuration, and temperature range, for example: Pt 100/A/3 -100/+200

lDENflFlCATlON (MARKING OR COLOUR CODING 1 DIAGRAM CODE

RED

WHITE

RED

RED

WHITE

u Pt lOO/ /2

u P1100/ 13

IDENTIFIC;PTION Efy:si

BLUE

CODE

PI lOO/

/LC

Pt lOO/

/L

Fro. 3

CONNECTION CONFIGURATIONS

If more than one sensing resistor is enclosed in a single sheath, the manufacturer should provide appropriate identification. 5.4 Resistance Values for 10 ohm and 1 ohm. Fundamental Interval - When the maximum temperature to be measured exceeds 600C,

elements of lO*OOO-ohm and 1 *OOO ohm fundamental interval may be 0 used. The resistance values of 10.000 ohm and 1.000 0 ohm fundamental interval elements shall be as given in Table 3 and 4 respectively. The tolerances for the values given in Table 3 and 4 shall be agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

12

IS : 2848 . 1986
TABLE 3 RESISTANCE OF lO*OOO-OHM FUNDAMENTAL INTERVAL ELEMENT ( Clause 5.4 ) TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE ohm ;; -220 -200 - 150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 (2) 2315 4.422 9,921 15256 20460 25.575 30.613 35575 40463 C (1) 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 RESISTANCE ohm (2) 452 76 50015 54680 59276 63.785 68225 7259 1 76882 81100 ;: 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1 000 1 050 T.QMPERATURE RESISTANCE ohm (2) 85.24 8933 93.32 972 1 1000 1048 1085 1121 1156

TABLE

RESISTANCE

OF

1'000 O-OHM FUNDAMENTAL

ELEMENT ( Clause 54 )

INTERVAL

TEMFERATURE OC (1) -220 -200 -150 - 100 -50 0 50 100 150

RESISTANCE ohm (2) 0.231 5 0442 2 0992 1 1.525 6 2046 0 2557 5 3061 4 3.557 5 4046 3

TENPERATURE C (1) 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

RESISTANCE ohm (2) 4.527 6 5001 5 5.468 0 5926 8 6378 5 6822 5 7.259 1 7688 2 8.110 0

TEMPERATURE ;: 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1 000 1 050

RESISTANCE ohm (2) 8524 8.933 9332 9721 1010 1048 IO.85 1121 1156

IS : 2848 - 1986 6. MARKING 6.1 The resistance thermometer element terminals or external leads shall be clearly and prominently numbered and a diagram provided showing the internal connections of the element. The diagram shall give the grade and the resistance at 0C of the element. The name or trade-mark of the manufacturer and the country of manufacture shall also be suitably indicated. Normal maximum correct rating shall also be specified and marked. 6.2 The platinum resistance the Standard Mark. thermometer element may also be marked with

NOTE - The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control whit h is devised and supervised by RIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers, may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.

7. INFORMATION TURER

TO

BE AVAILABLE

FROM

THE MANUFAC-

7.1 Electrical Characteristics - To enable an accurate alternating current measuring system to be designed, maximum values of the relevant electrical characteristics ( that is, thermometer capacitance, capacitance to earth, and inductance ) shall be available on request. These data shall bc for ambient temperature and for the maximum intended temperature of use. 7.2 Depth of Immersion shall declare the

7.2.1 Calibration Immersion Depth - The manufacturer calibration immersion depth used in the resistance tests. 7.2.2 declare test.

Minimum Usable Depth of Immersion - The manufacturer shall the minimum usable depth of immersion as determined by the the effect

shall declare 7.3 Thermal Response Time - The manufacturer thermal response time in seconds as measured by one of the methods. 7.4 Self-Heating - The manufacturer shall declare the self-heating of the thermometer in C/mW as measured by the methods of 8.5.

7.5 Ohmic Resistance of Internal Connection Wires - The manufacturer shall supply the value of resistance of internal connection wires in two-wire sensors. 14

IS : i848 - 1986 The values of resistance

gurations 8. TYPE 8.1 shall be made TESTS shall constitute resistance accuracy response the types tests: test ( 8.2 ), test ( 8.3 ), time test ( 8.4 ), of internal connection available on request. wires for other confi-

Following

a) Insulation b) Resistance c) Thermal e) Immersion f) h) j) m) 8.2 g) Limiting Stability d) Self heating

tests ( 8.5 ), error test ( 8.6 ), effect test ( 867 ), test ( 8.8 ), elements only ) ( 8.10 ), ), and

Thermo-eletric

temperatures test ( 8.9 ),

Drop test ( for sealed Pressure

k) Vibration Insulation

test ( for sealed test ( for sealed Test

elements elements

only ) ( 8.11 only ) ( 8.12 ).

Resistance

8.2.1 When the sensing resistor is mounted in its sheath the insulation resistance betweeneach terminal and sheath shall be measured with a test voltage between 10 V and 100 V dc and under ambient conditions between 15C and 35C and at a relative humidity not exceeding 80 percent. The polarity of the test current shall be reversed. In all cases the insulation resistance shall be not less than 100 MQ, when the value has stabilized. 8.2.2 An additional test shall be carried out at a test voltage not exceeding 10 V d.c. with the thermometer at the rated rnaximum temperature. The insulation resistance between each terminal and the sheath shall be not less than that shown in Table 5.

TABLE

INSULATION

RESISTANCE

AT MAXIMUM

TEMPERATURE

RATED MAXIWJM TEMPERATURE ( C ) 100 to 300 301 to 500 501 to 850

MINIIXUM:INSULATION RESISTANCE (Ma) 10 2 0.5

15

IS : 2848

- 1986

8,3 Resistance Accuracy Test - The resistance calibration of the thermometer element shall be made with the element inserted at least to the calibration immersion depth stated by the manufacturer and with a direct current such that the electrical power dissipated in the element does not cause any temperature rise due to self heating in excess of 20 percent of the tolerance at temperature. Measurement shall be made as given in IS : 2806-1964*. The test shall be made at a sufficient number of points over the working range of the element to establish that the resistance throughout the range lies within the limits specified, the measurement at each point being made with the current both forward and reversed. response time T is the 8.4 Thermal Response Time - The thermal time required for a thermometer to react to a step change of temperature with a resistance change corresponding to a specified percentage of the step change. The response time for a 50 percent change ( T 0.5 ) shall be recorded. In addition the response times for a 10 percent ( T 0.1 ) and 90 percent (I 0.9) changes or other changes may be reeorded if requested. The value for 63-2 percent change is not recommeded because of possible confusion with the time constant of a simple, single-order device. To some extent, all thermometers exhibit variations from a single-order response. time is measured by 8.4.1 General Test Requirements - If the response changing the temperature of the surrounding medium, the time for the temperature of the test medium to reach 50 percent of its value shall not exceed l/10 of TO.5. If the response time is measured by plunging the thermometer into a the time for the thermometer to reach medium of different temperature, the final immersion depth shall not exceed l/l0 of T 0.5; EXAMPLES OF TEST DEVICES IN APPENDIX ARE A DESCRIBED

The response time of the recording instrument shall not exceed l/5 of characteristic value within the test shall be calculated as a mean value of a at least three tests, each of which falls typically within f 10 percent of the mean value.
T 0.5. Each

The usable cross-section of test channel is that part of the actual crosssection with substantially uniform temperature and velocity distribution. The thermometer to be tested shall be inserted into the centre of test channel with its axis in a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow. The width of the channel shall be equal to or more than ten times the diameter of the themometer.
*Methods of temperature measurement by electrical resistance thermometer.

16

IS : 2848 - 1986 8.4.2 Test Conditions for Flowing Air - The velocity within the usable cross-section should be 3 & 0.3 m/s. The initial temperature shall be between 10C and 30%. The value of the temperature step shall be more than 10% and less than 20C. The minimum immersion depth of the thermometer to be tested shall be equal to the sensitive length of the thermometer plus 15 times its diameter. Where the design immersion depth of a thermometer is less than the above mentioned value, the test should be performed at the designed immersion depth. This immersion depth shall be mentioned in the test report. 8.4.3 Test Conditions for Flowing Water - For response times less than 1 the test apparatus should be designed so that the water has no free surface in front of or behind the thermometer so as to avoid problems of air entrainment. The velocity V within the usable cross-section shall be 0.4 f 0.05 m/s. The initial temperature shall be within the limits of 5% and 30%. The temperature step shall be not more than 10C. The final temperature of the water shall not vary by more than f 1 percent of the temperature step during the duration of the measurement. The minimum immersion depth shall be equal to the sensitive length of the thermometer plus five times its diameter, Where the designed immersion depth of a thermometer is less than above-mentioned value, the test should be performed at designed immersion depth. This immersion depth shall be mentioned in the test report. 8.5 Self-Heating - This test shall be carried out with the thermometer immersed to the declared calibration immersion depth in well-stirred water maintained at the ice point. Suitable apparatus for testing the thermometer immersed to the calibration immersion depth is described in Appendix B. The steady-state the power dissipation resistance shall be measured with a current such that in the thermometer is not more than 0.1 mW.

In the case of the nominal 1OOQ resistance thermometer the steadystate resistance shall then be measured at the manufacturers stated maximum rate current, or 10 mA, whichever is less. The equivalent figure for the nominal 1OsZ thermometer is SO mA. The temperature rise equivalent to the measured increase in resistance shall not exceed 0*3C.
Nol!E - This test may not be appropriate for certain small thermometers.When the thermometer is operated in gases, additional information on the effect of selfheating should be avialable from the manufacturer if requested.

8.6 Immersion Error - Suitable apparatus for testing the immersed to the calibration immersion depth is detailed in The test shall made with a measuring current such that power dissipated in thermometer is not greater than 1.0 mW. 17

thermometer Appendix C. the electrical The test shall

IS : 2848 - 1986 consist of slowly decreasing the depth of immersion until the indicated temperature changes by O*1C. The depth of immersion shall than the measured and described as a minimum usable depth of immersion. 8.7 Thermo-Electric Effect - The thermometer may apparatus shown in Appendix C or in similar equipment. be tested in

Their immersion shall be slowly varied between the calibration immersion depth and the maximum practical depth until the electromotive force across the terminals is at its maximum which shall not exceed 2PrV. 8.8 Limiting Temperatures - The thermometer shall be subjected to the upper and lower limits of its temperature range for a period of 250 h at each temperature. The thermometer shall be immersed to at least its declared calibration immersion depth If the lower limit is below the temperature of liquid nitrogen boiling at atmospheric pressure, the latter temperature may be used for this test. The temperature should be allowed to rest at room temperature for a few minutes between the tests. As a result of these tests the resistance at 0C shall not have changed by more than the equivalent of 0*15C for Class A and 0.30% for Class B thermometer. The thermometer shall also be tested to ensure continued compliance with the insulation resistance requirements.
NOTE - Certain thermometers to be used within improved performance at narrower ranges than their total capability should be tested over range of intended use as stated by the user.

Effect of Temperature Cycling - The thermometer shall be brought slowly to the upper limit of its temperature range, then exposed to air at. room temperature. It shall then be brought slowly to the lower limit of its temperature range then exposed to air at room temperature. At each limit the thermometer shall be immrrsed to at least its declared calibration immersion depth and shall be maintained at the temperature for sufficient time to reach equilibrium. This procedure shall be repeated ten times. As a result of this test the resistance at 0C shall not have changed by more than the equivalent of 0*15C for Class A and 0*3@C for Class B thermometers. If the lower limit is below the temperature of liquid nitrogen boiling at atmospheric pressure, the latter temperature may be used for this test. The thermometer shall also be tested to ensure continued compliance with the insulation resistance requirements of 8.2.1. .
8.9 NOTE - Certain thermometers to be used with improved performance at shorter ranges than their total capability should be tested over the range of intended use as stated by the user.

8.10 Drop Test - This test is intended to reveal any weakness of construction. The thermometer, complete with head, if any, shall be held with its longitudinal axis horizontal and dropped ten times from a height of 250 mm on to a 6 mm thick steel plate on a rigid floor. 18

The thermometer shall be inspected for mechanical damage. It shall also be tested to ensure continued compliance with the insulation resistance requirements and the maintenance of electrical continuity. 8.11 Vibration Test - This test should be conducted if possible with the thermometer mounted in the same manner as that in which it is to be used. The mounting means shall be rigidly attached to the vibrator and the thermometer shall be vibrated over the frequency range of IOHz to 50OHz with a forcing acceleration of 20 m/s2 to 30 m/G peak-to-peak. The frequency range shall be swept at a rate of one octave per minute for a total period of 150 h. The vibrations shall be applied to the thermometer in axial and transverse directions each for one half of the total period. The frequency and nature of any reasonances shall be noted. The electrical continuity shall be monitored continuously. At the conclusions of this test the thermometer shall be tested to ensure continued compliance with the insulation resistant requirements of 8.2.1. The thermometer shall also be tested to verify that the resistance at the ice point shall not have changed by more than the equivalent of 0*05C. 8.12 Pressure Test ( for Sealed Elements Only )- The element shall be tested in a hydraulic test chamber containing water and ice in equilibrium and connected electrically to an approp_riate indicator. The pressure of the fluid in the chamber shall be raised to 3.5 MPa and shall be maintained for I5 minutes. The resistance of the element sha!l not very significantly from that appropriate to the equilibrium temperature corresponding to the pressure applied and when subsequently removed from the chamber, the element shall pass thetests given in 8.2 and 8.3, 9. ROUTINE TESTS be carried out in 9.1 Insulation Resistance Test - This test shall accordance with 8.2.1 at the room temperature.

9.2 Resistance Tolerance - The resistance calibration of the thermometer shall be within the tolerance values specified in 4.3 when tested with a current such that the electrical power dessipated in the thermometer does not cause a rise of temperature due to self-heating in excess of l/5 the tolerance value at the temperature. The test for Class A thermometers shall be carried out at two or more temperatures suitably spaced over the stated working range and with the thermometer inserted in the test medium to at least the declared calibration immersion dept ( see 7.2 ). rature, The test for Class B thermometers normally the ice point. 19 shall be carried out at one tempe-

f&:2848-1986

APPENDIX A ( Clause 8.4.1 )

EXAMPLE OF TEST DEVICES FOR THERMAL TIME MEASUREMENTS for Testing in Air RESPONSE

A-l.

Device

a diffuser and a wire mesh into the test channel having a rectangular cross-section by means of a fan. The thermometer is mounted in the centre of the test channel with the logitudinal axis of the thermometer normal to the direction of air flow. In front of the thermometer a heatable wire grid is mounted. The temperature step is generated by switching on and off an electrical current through this wire grid. The 50 percent time of the temperature step generated with the abovementioned wire grid with a wire diameter of 2 x 10-s mm at a For testing thermometers with velocity of 1 m/s is 15 m/s for example. a diameter smaller than 2 mm, the distance between the grid wires should be about 0.5 mm and for thicker thermometers 1 mm to l-5 mm.
CLAMPING DEVICE

A-l.1 Air is blown through

FIG. 4

TEST DEVICE FORTESTINGIN AIR RESPONSE TIME IN WATER

A-2. METHOD OF MEASURING OR OTHER LIQUIDS

A-2.1 A cylindrical vessel with a diameter of 300 mm or more and a height of 200 mm or more is filled with the test liquid. The liquid is forced into rotation either by rotating the vessel or by a rotating drum inserted into the centre of the vessel from above.
20

IS : 2848- 1986 The test liquid is heated to a temperature approximately 104 above ambient. This heating can be effected by various means such as by heating elements placed on outer surface of the vessel. The thermometer is fixed on the end of a pivoted arm. When the temperature of the liquid and the thermometer is lowered rapidly into the liquid. The velocity of flow can be controlled by the rotary speed of the liquid and the radial position of the thermometer.
iERMOMETER \ TO VARIABLE 1 7 l-7 ,ROTATING ORUM SPEED DRIVE

PIVOT

POINT

INFRA-

VESSEL

TO VARIABLE

SPEED

DRIVE

FIG. 5

TEST Dmam

FOR SIMPLIFIED TEST IN WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS

21

IS : 2848 - 1986

APPENDIX ( Clause 8.5 )

MEASUREMENT

OF SELF-HEATING

B-l. An apparatus suitable for measuring self-heating effect is shown in Fig. 6. This consists of a large Dewar flask in which water at the ice point
may be circulated past the element under test. Two tubes of brass or other non-corrosive material are suitably supported on opposite sides of the flask over a layer of small lump ice. The remainder of the space is packed with finely crushed ice up to the level of the top of the tubes water at approximately 0C is poured into the flask until the level is approximately 6 mm above the level of the tubes. A well-insulated cover is placed on top of the Dewar flask with suitable holes to pass the shaft of stirrer paddle situated in one tube and the thermometer element situated in the other tube. The direction of rotation of the stirrer should be such that the watee is driven
COPPER MESH_, / ,M~ ,~

STlR,;R

/!

/RESISTANCE

ELEMENT

/ /

I ~-INSULATING

cowR

DISTILLED WATER AIR SATURATED AT 0 c 15LlTRE DEWAR FLASK ICE

FINELV CRUSHED COPPER MESH

FIG. 6

APPARATUSFOR MEASURING SELF-HEATING 22

down through the small lump ice before passing up the tube containing the element. Non-corrosive metal gauge across the bottom of the two tubes and round the top of the stirrer well will prevent the circulation of lumps of ice from interfering with the stirring action. Adequate circulation of the water is shown by the pressure of a pronounced vortex in the stirrer well.

APPENDIX C ( Clauses 8.6 and 8.7 )

DETERMINATION OF IMMERSION ERROR THERMO-ELECTRIC EFFECT AND

C-l. The apparatus ( see Fig. 7 ) should consist of a container with a base of phenolio-resin, or other suitable material of similar thermal characteristics ( conductivity not more than 2.5 W/m% ). The base should be approximately 12 mm thick. The detecting end of element under test should

PLASTK

CON1;AtNER

-ICE WATER

,PCASTIC

BAS IE

.HYPSOMETEA

FIG. 7

SCHEMATICTEST APPARATUS FOR DETERMINATION OF IMMLRSION ERROR AND THERMO-ELECTRIC EFFECT

23

pass through the centre of the base of the container into a steam hypsometer. There should be means of ad.justing and measuring the depth of imersion of the element in the hypsometer. C-2. The container should contain ice water to a depth of not less than 50 mm and when the element is in position the hold through which it passes should be sealed to prevent water leakage. C-3. The associated measuring apparatus should be capable of detecting a temperature, change of 0.1 deg C or O-04 ohm. The current passed through the element while measurements are being made should not exceed 2 mA.

24