Agenda

Forschungszentrum Telekommunikation Wien

IMS Tutorial Part 2: Service Infrastructure

Igor Miladinovic

! ! ! !

Services in IMS a short motivation Home Subscriber Server (HSS) Authentication Charging

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IMS Tutorial

Convergence of Services
From the PSTN
Int ern et

Services in IMS
rat io Pr es en ce Pr es en ce lla bo Co rat io TV oIP lla bo n TV oIP Vo IP Vo IP n n

to todays Triple Play services

rat io lla bo Int ern et

Co

TV oIP

GS M

PS TN

Vo IP

TV

Co

Back Office

CCF/CGF

Back Office

Back Office

Back Office Application

SIP SIP Diameter

Application

Application

Application Service Delivery/ Session Control

=
P SI

S-CSCF
SI P

HSS

Service Delivery/ Session Control

Service Delivery/ Session Control

Service Delivery/ Session Control Transmission

P-CSCF
Wireless Access

P-CSCF
Wireline Access

Transmission

Transmission

Transmission

Terminals Terminals Terminals

Terminals

SIP User Agents

SIP User Agents

Source: Frederic Potter, Cirpack, International SIP 2005

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Source: Frederic Potter, Cirpack, International SIP 2005

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IMS Tutorial

Home Subscriber Server

Communication with HSS

! !

The master database for a given user Contains subscriptionrelated information to support the network entities handling call/sessions It is an evolution of the central database of todays GSM provides, the Home Location Register (HLR) Can be contacted using Diameter protocol

! The IMS entities that need to communicate with a HSS are:

I-CSCF S-CSCF SIP-AS OSA SCS CAMEL AS (IM-SSF)

! HSS offers the following interfaces:

- Si - Sh - Cx

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HSS Structure I

HSS Structure II

HLR/AUC Functionality for CS

! Home Location Register and Authentication Center (HLR/AUC) functionality for PS

- provides support to PS domain entities, such as SSGN and GGSN (necessary for access to PS domain services)

! HLR/AUC functionality for PS

HLR/AUC Functionality for PS

- provides support to CS domain entities, such as MSC servers (necessary for access to CS domain services and for roaming to GSM/UMTS CS domain networks)

IP Multimedia Functionality HSS

! IP Multimedia functionality
- Stores IMS related data including: private and public user identities, IMS access parameters, service triggering information, user-specific requirements for S-CSCF capabilities

! Communication between HSS functionalities is not standardized

IMS Tutorial
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The Sh Interface

Data Handling

! Reference point between the HSS and the AS (SIP-AS or OSA SCS) ! The protocol used on this interface is Diameter ! An AS may need some user data from the HSS or to store some service-related data into the HSS ! The HSS maintains a list of ASs that are allowed to obtain or to store data ! Procedures are divided into two categories:
- Data handling - Subscription/notification

! Procedures that make possible to retrieve user data from the HSS and to store some user data into the HSS ! User data can be:
Service-related data (transparent or non-transparent) Registration information Initial filter criteria S-CSCF name serving the user Addresses of the charging functions Location information

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Subscription/Notification

IMS Authentication Architecture

SIP-AS OSA-SCS

! Procedures that allow the AS to get a notification when particular data for a specific user is updated in the HSS ! Commands over the Sh Interface :
- User-Data-Request (UDR) the AS uses UDR to request data from the HSS - Profile-Update-Request (PUR) the AS can update transparent data in the HSS using this command - Subscribe-Notification-Request (SNR) the AS sends SNR to get notified when certain user data changes - Push-Notification-Request (PNR) the HSS sends PNR to the AS when particular user data changes

Sh Cx

Sh

HSS

S-CSCF Cx

P-CSCF I-CSCF

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Authentication

Authentication during the IMS registration (I)

UE P-CSCF I-CSCF HSS S-CSCF

! The protocol used for authentication between any two nodes is Diameter with an IMS-specific tailored application that defines new Diameter command codes and new Attribute Value Pairs (AVPs) ! Authentication is directly coupled to SIP registration procedures ! It is based on a shared secret and a sequence number (SQN), which is only available in the HSS and the IP Multimedia Service Identity Module (ISIM) application located in the UE
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REGISTER

REGISTER

UAR UAA REGISTER MAR 401 Unauthorized MAA

401 Unauthorized

401 Unauthorized

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Authentication during the IMS registration (II)

! User sends the private user identity (stored within the ISIM application) in the initial REGISTER request ! I-CSCF contacts the HSS using User Authorization Request (UAR) and forwards the request to the SCSCF ! S-SCSF downloads the authentication vector (AV) from the HSS using Multimedia-Auth-Request (MAR) ! S-SCSF rejects the REGISTER request with the 401 response that includes a random challenge (RAND), the network auth. token (AUTN), the integrity key (IK), and the ciphering key (CK)
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Authentication during the IMS registration (I)

UE P-CSCF I-CSCF HSS S-CSCF

REGISTER

REGISTER

UAR UAA REGISTER MAR 401 Unauthorized MAA

401 Unauthorized REGISTER

401 Unauthorized

REGISTER

UAR UAA REGISTER SAR 200 OK SAA

200 OK
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200 OK

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Authentication during the IMS registration (III)

! UE processes the received parameters to the ISIM application which verifies AUTN (based on the shared secret and the SQN), calculates the result (RES) (based on the shared secret and RAND), and calculates IK ! Afterwards, UE sends the second REGISTER request with the authentication challenge response (RES) to the S-CSCF ! S-CSCF compares it with XRES and if the verification is successful, the S-CSCF replies with the 200 OK response ! Additionally, the S-CSCF sends the ServerAssignment-Request (SAR) to the HSS
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Charging in IMS
! Specified in TR 23.815 (Charging implications of IMS architecture) ! Two models of charging in IMS
- Offline charging - Online charging

! Offline charging
- Charging information is mainly collected after the session - A user typically receives a bill on a monthly basis

! Online charging
- IMS entities interact with the online charging system - Charging system interacts in real time with the users account
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Offline Charging Architecture (I)

Home(A)
BS BS
Rf

Offline Charging Architecture (II)

BS BS

Home(B)
MRFC MRFC AS AS S-CSCF S-CSCF Charging information flow
MGCF MGCF Rf Rf Rf Rf

MRFC MRFC AS AS

! The central point is the Charging Collection Function (CCF)

- CCF receives accounting information from IMS entities via the Rf interface, creates Charging Data Records (CDRs), and transfers CDRs to the Billing System (BS) - CCF can be implemented as a separate network element or as an integrated functionality resident in the IMS entities

Rf

S-CSCF S-CSCF
MGCF MGCF

CCF

Rf Rf

CCF

CGF CGF
Rf

I-CSCF I-CSCF
BGCF BGCF

I-CSCF I-CSCF
BGCF BGCF

CGF CGF
Rf

Visited(A)
Rf

Visited(B)
P-CSCF Rf P-CSCF CCF BS BS

CCF BS BS CGF CGF

Ga Ga

P-CSCF P-CSCF

GGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN

GGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN

Ga Ga

CGF CGF

! Charging Gateway Function (CGF) collect charging information from SGSN and GGSN ! The Billing System (BS) creates the actual bill (for example, number of sessions, duration, destination, and type of sessions)
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Source: 3GPP TR 23.815 V5.0.0 (2002-03)

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Offline Charging Interfaces

Online Charging Architecture (I)

Home(A) + Visited(A) Home(B) + Visited(B)

! Rf:
- Based on Diameter and the Diameter Application for the Rf/Ro interface - Diameter messages over this interface are Accounting Requests (ACRs) and Accounting Answers (ACAs) - IMS session-related ACRs are called start, interim, and stop - Non-session-related ACRs are called event ACRs
S-CSCF ISC S-CSCF
Session Charging Function

Rb

Correlation Function Account

Bearer Charging Function

Bearer Charging Function

Correlation Function Account

Rb

Session Charging Function

ISC S-CSCF S-CSCF

Re
Rating Function

Re Rc Rc
Charging information flow

Rating Function

Re

Re Ro

AS(s) AS(s)

Ro
Event Charging Function

! Bi:
- Interface between CCF and BS - Not specified, recommendation is the FTP over TCP/IP

Event Charging Function

AS(s) AS(s)

MRFC MRFC

Ro

SCCF CPCF

SCCF CPCF

Ro

MRFC MRFC

SGSN SGSN

CAP

CAP

SGSN SGSN

Online Charging System

Online Charging System

Source: 3GPP TR 23.815 V5.0.0 (2002-03)

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Online Charging Architecture (II)

! IMS entities able to perform online charging are: S-CSCF, AS, and Multimedia Resource Function Controller (MRFC) ! Event Charging Function performs charging authorization for event charging ! Session Charging Function performs charging according to session resource usage (including authorization) based on received SIP messages over the ISC interface (Ro instead of ISC?) ! Bearer Charging Function over CAMEL App. Part (CAP) interface allows permission for bearer usage
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Online Charging Architecture (III)

! Rating function performs unit, price, and tariff determination ! Correlation function is corresponding for producing charging data regarding a single IMS session based on charging data from different sources ! Ro interface is similar to the Rf interface with some additional Diameter credit control Attribute Value Pairs (AVPs) ! Rb, Rc, and Re interfaces are still not standardized
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Lessons Learnt
! HSS is the master database for a given user in IMS ! HSS extends HLR functionality with the IMS functionality ! ASs communicate with a HSS over the Sh interface ! IMS implements SIP authentication based on a shared secret during the registration process ! IMS charging specifies two different architecture to allow offline as well as online charging

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