Safety

Industrial Accidents Industrial accidents defined as an occurrence which interrupts with the orderly progress of work in an industrial establishment. It is an unexpected event which is neither anticipated nor designed to occur. An industrial injury has been defined as a personal design to an employee which has been caused by an accident or an occupational desicse which arises out of or in course of employment and which could entitil such an employee under workmen s compensation act Causes 1.unsafe conditions- defective plans, equipments, materials, buiding etc constitute unsafe working condition Can be termed as technical causes They include Improperly guarded equipment Improperly guarded equipment Defective equipment Hazardous arrangement or procedure in and and or around ,machines or equipment Unsafe storage, congestion, overloading. Inadequate safely devices Wrongly and faulty lay out, and bad location. Improper illumination-glare, insufficient light. Improper ventilation- insufficient air charge, impure air source. Poor house-keeping

Other causes A) The job itself: Some jobs are inherently more dangerous than others, such as the job of craneman in comparison to that of the foremen. Similarly, work in some department is inherently safer than the works in others.

B) work schedule, accidents increase late in the day. they do nousually occur during the early hours of the work day .They are more frequent during the night shift.this is due partly to fatigue and partly to the fact that night is the period when one requires rest. C) Psychological climate of the work place also affects the accident rate. Psychological, mental and emotional imbalances are at the root of several accidents. 2. Unsafe Acts: These acts may be the result of lack of knowledge or skill on the part of the employee, certain physical defects and wrong attitudes. These acts include acts like These include acts like y y y y y y Operating without authority Failing to secure equipment or warning other employees of possible danger. Failing to use safe attire or personal protective equipment. Throwing materials on the floor Operating and working at unsafe levels of sped Using unsafe equipments and unsafe procedures

Other causes They arises out of unsafe situational and climate conditions and variations such as bad working conditions,rough and slippery floors,heat humidity etc.

Accident causes The various losses in management suffers because of time lost due to accidents are a)direct cost-wages of employees,compensation,cost of medical aid cost of training a new worker,lost dur to waste of raw materials and lost of production. b)indiresct cost- include the following y y y y y y y cost of govt maintaing factory inspectors employees health insurance,social security benefits etc. cost of employee of the time he has been without work doe to accident. Cost of last time because other employees stop work. Cost incurred on machine or tools. Cost of time lost by foreman, a supervisor or other executives etc. Loss of profit on the production. Overhead costs

Statutory Provisions for Safety in India: They are: y y y y y y y y y y Fencing of the machinery: Work on or Near Machinery in Motion. Employment of Adolescents on Dangerous Machines Striking Gear or Device for cutting off power. Self-Acting Machines. Hoists & lifts Pressure plant Revolving Machinery Excessive weigths Precautions against dangerous fumes.