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SUBMITTED TO
EHTASHAM IBRAHIM BTE-041 MUHAMMAD SHFAAT IQBAL BTE-103 FAHAD AZIZ KHAN 021 M.IMRAN MIAN BTE-064
FA07FA07FA06-BTEFA06-
INTRODUCTION
The electric infrastructure of today was designed over half a century ago. The load demand is increasing continuously whereas our electric grid is becoming dated. In order to keep up with increasing power demand, there is a need to supply electricity more efficiently and reliably. Reducing losses through the generation, transmission and distribution networks will increase the throughput of current power system. The Smart Grid Infrastructure will have the capability to incorporate a decentralized and deregulated approach of electrical power delivery. Smart Grid will deliver an electrical infrastructure that will supply power with better quality, efficiency and reliability. Smart Grid is a combination of several major fields of
technologies and implementation requires adjustments in the current energy regulations. Establishment of Smart Grid require integration with current supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and Distributed control system (DCS).Whole
infrastructure of Smart Grid (SG) is decomposed into numerous SGs. Smaller SGs are called Micro Smart Grid (MSG) , that MSG will make whole electric infrastructure more reliable and robust. The major components of MSG are;
DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT QUALITY AND RELIABILITY FAULT MANAGEMENT SECURITY MANAGEMENT
measure angle between transmission buses and distribution buses and adjust the load stability.
FAULT MANAGEMENT
Under the SG frame work, an integrated communications network analogous to internet allows rapid data and information to exchange and real time control of power grid.
Advanced fault detectors (FD) distributed through out the network would immediately signal the fault events providing information on fault nature, location and magnitude. These signals are received by local automated devices and control centers. Most faults can be corrected by preplanned local automation within seconds. The less frequent, large scale faults require the further full coordination of remotely controlled switchgears. And fault elimination is carried out by relay protection and local automation.
SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Current power infrastructure is very susceptible to terrorist attack. SCADA system is present in major centralized power generation systems with the option to access SCADA system remotely. As the power flow on the bus is controlled by SCADA system, therefore an attack on SCADA system can cause a power outage in current electrical infrastructure.
Promoting a seamless Smart Grid world view that integrates operations from market operators, through the transmission system and medium voltage and low voltage distribution networks to the consumers home area networks.
The absolute need for a power grid , at both the transmission and distribution level, that rests on top of a secure and capable communication system As strong cross-jurisdiction commitment to interoperability and open technical standards An ongoing review of market structures to allow the entry of new business models.
Similar agenda are being pursued internationally. The linkage between academia and industry need to be strengthened especially in regard to light house projects that aim to demonstrate technologies at both the household, distribution and transmission levels.