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SUBJECT ASSIGNMENT:
DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS
GENERAL INFORMATION:
- Length: between 6 and 8 pages (without including cover, index or appendices –if
there are any-).
- Type of font: Arial or Times New Roman.
- Size: 11.
- Line height: 1.5.
- Alignment: Justified.
The assignment has to be done in this Word document and has to fulfil the rules of
presentation and edition, as for quotes and bibliographical references which are
detailed in the Study Guide.
Also, it has to be submitted following the procedure specified in the Study Guide.
Sending it to the tutor’s e-mail is not permitted.
In addition to this, it is very important to read the assessment criteria, which can be
found in the Study Guide.
The assignment mark is 100% of the final mark, but the participation in the activities
performed during the tutorials can improve this mark.
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
Assignment:
Take the unit from the course book Bachillerato Made Easy, Richmond Publishing,
available in the Assignment files section (at the same place where you can find this
paper): 05_DLS_Unit.pdf, and analyse how the unit deals with the four skills, relating
your analysis to the theory which has been examined in this subject.
Note: Use the approach taken to analyse materials in this subject as a model for the
format and analysis of examples in your assignment. In other words, your assignment
should use similar headings to those used in this subject.
Important: you have to write your personal details and the subject name on the
cover (see the next page). The assignment that does not fulfil these conditions
will not be corrected. You have to include the assignment index below the cover.
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
BOOK ANALYSIS
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 - INTRODUCTION
2 - TEXTBOOK ANALYSIS
2.1 Reading:
2.1.1 Use or Usage
2.1.2 Genuiness and Authenticity
2.1.3 Types of Questions
2.1.4 Top-down or Bottom-up Approach
2.1.5 Activities
2.2 Listening:
2.2.1 Principles
2.2.2 Processing Reception, Interpretation and Response
2.2.3 Classroom Considerations
2.2.4 Activities
2.3 Speaking:
2.3.1 Interactive Approach
2.3.2 Spoken Language Forms
2.3.3 Implications for the Classroom
2.3.4 Grouping
2.3.5 Topic or Task based activities
2.4 Writing:
2.4.1 Typology
2.4.2 Writing Organization
2.4.5 Audience
3 - CONCLUSIONS
4- BIBLIOGRAPHY
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
1 – INTRODUCTION
2 - TEXTBOOK ANALYSIS
2.1 Reading
It is critical that teachers help their students create meaning. Students can
become easily frustrated when they do not understand what they are reading and as a
result, they become unmotivated. A teacher needs to design and teach different
strategies in order to help students close the gaps in their understanding.
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
The text included in unit 7 “Making and Keeping Friends” has a genuine sense.
And this is confirmed by a while-reading activity which aims to give students confidence
and not panicking at the first sight of a difficult text also providing strategies of
breakdown and skimming.
This text is provoking a relationship between the reader and the text itself by
carefully introducing in the “Before Reading” section many unfamiliar words which will
then ease the reading and the obtaining of the overall meaning of the text preparing a
reading-friendly atmosphere.
a. True or False question activity: it is one of the most recommended activities for
reading comprehension for it will demonstrate if there has been a good
comprehension of the text.
b. Using your own words questions: This is the activity where the reader will
completely engage with the reading for he/she will be able to explore and express
his reactions to the article. Some of the questions are related to the actual
comprehension of the passage while two of them are polar questions that invite the
reader to look outside of the text to find the answers and bring back his experience
to enrich then the rapport.
c. Multiple choice question activity: This activity is based on identifying synonyms of
phrasal verbs found within the text. This activity is mostly focused on obtaining
more functional tools.
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
2.1.5 Activities
The activity types identified in the reading section of this unit are as follows:
- Understanding text organization
- Checking comprehension
- Inferring
- Dealing with unfamiliar words
- Linking ideas
- Understanding complex sentences
- Reacting to the text
- Skimming
- Scanning
- Writing summaries and reports. This is done in the Language section,
page 63 activity 6.
2.2 Listening:
Listening skills are tied to speaking and pronunciation skills. Listening plays an
important role in language learning for several reasons. First, listening provides
comprehensible input for the student which is essential for learning to occur. Second,
listeners need to interact with speakers to achieve understanding. Third, listening
exercises help learners to focus on new forms of vocabulary and grammar.
2.2.1 Principles
At this stage, it is important to make clear the difference between listening and
understanding. They are two separate processes. We should distinguish between
listening as a process which requires mere listening to the message and which does
not necessarily involve interpretation or reaction to the text, and listening
comprehension as a process which involves the meaningful interactive activity for an
overall understanding of the text and requires listeners to focus on selected input,
construct meaning, and relate what they hear to existing knowledge.
“Listening comprehension consists of far more than understanding what words
and sentences mean; it involves understanding what speakers mean”. (H. Ferrer,
2001:125)
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
Observations:
- The topic is interesting itself and teenagers are very familiar with it.
- There is no collaborative discourse taking place.
- None of the following tasks are presented to the learner:
o Information-gap tasks
o Opinion-gap tasks
o Reasoning-gap tasks
2.2.4 Activities
As for the listening activities the following have been identified:
PRE-LISTENING WHILE-LISTENING POST-LISTENING
Pair Dictation. Although it Putting in order. Arranging Using information to
has not been specified based headings in order per answer listening
on what lexis. recording. comprehension questions.
Pre-viewing language. The
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
matching of columns to
identify synonyms .
2.3 Speaking:
Speaking is usually the top priority as it’s one of the most important aspects of
the language for communication with the advantage that students enjoy it.
Furthermore, speaking activities improve the atmosphere in the classroom, group
dynamics and help build a rapport between students and teacher. Speaking activities
are also a good indication of students' strengths and weaknesses.
As mentioned by Jack Richards “Communicative competence includes
grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence and
strategic competence, which reflect the use of the linguistic system and the functional
aspects of communication”. (Richards, 2002:206). As a whole it makes the skill
function correctly to convey the desired meaning and expected response.
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
student throughout the day. Therefore, the teacher should take advantage of the
time interacting with the students. In the book there is no reference to the teacher’s
role during speaking activities, it seems to be a monitoring role.
- Interaction between the teacher and the learner. As mentioned in the above
paragraph, the teacher seems to be only monitoring and not with much active
participation which at the same time allows for more peer correction and
collaborative learning.
If the teacher does a good monitoring role, she may be able to extend the
questions during the discussion to elicit longer answers, nevertheless, leaving the
responsibility of the interaction in the learners’ hands to continue the discussion.
2.3.4 Grouping
The activities presented in page 67 in the speaking section are both topic-based
which is “harassment”. Students are elicited to talk about their experiences, express
opinions and use their knowledge and imagination based on the situations presented.
The activities observed are mostly: question and answers, discussions,
dialogues and problem solving.
2.4 Writing
When we write, we are thinking about editing and generating ideas at the same time.
As stated by Raimes (1985: 83) writing should be primarily a means of communication.
She relates that, "They are saying something that nobody cares about in order to
practice something else." For Raimes, the teaching of writing should stress the
students' ideas and how they express those ideas rather than stressing grammar.
Furthermore, Raimes continues stating “"Giving an assignment involves more
than selecting a topic for the students to write on. It means giving the suggestions as to
how to go about writing it." This is exactly where the teacher has to do a good
facilitator job.
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
2.4.1 Typology
Among the types of writing presented along our course, we will begin analyzing
“Bachillerato Made Easy 2” to identify which types are being requested in the activities.
- Institutional Writing. On page 63 activity 6 requests a report to be written on what
people have said corresponding to a text to be analyzed.
- Study Writing. On page 66 an essay is being requested.
The style for the activity is personal, for it is expressing an opinion on the topic
“Friends”.
2.4.5 Audience
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
3 – CONCLUSIONS
Reading: “Bachillerato Made Easy 2” makes reading not only informative but also
pleasurable and fun while managing a top-down approach and allowing students to get
a good relationship with the text in a critical thinking formation. It covers several
reading skills with the three very important sections in reading: pre-reading, while-
reading, and post-reading strategies.
Speaking: The speaking section presents a very interesting topic to teenagers and as
in any L2 acquisition process some interference from L1 is probably expected from the
interaction.
Group interaction is fostered by the activities shown therein although there is no further
specification as to how the groups have to be conformed as well as how the teachers
manages her L2 input.
Activities are topic-based and well structured.
Speaking activities are presented well sequenced and graded beginning with a self-
assessment as warm-up for the speaking activity, followed by a semi-controlled
practice and ending with a freer discussion.
On page 64 some grammar related exercises are also working with the speaking skill in
a very controlled situation.
Writing: The activities shown in this unit lead the student to a good process writing of a
topic essay. There is a high emphasis on organization.
Overall, I find this book quite complete when dealing with the four language skills.
Perhaps the listening section could be enhanced a little more as to develop more
critical thinking skills.
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DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS - Assignment
4- BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Varela, Raquel, “All About Teaching English: A Course For Teachers of English:
Pre-school Through Secondary”, Editorial Ramón Areces, 2003.
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