A Report on Training

At
Raja Bhoj International Airport
(ISO 9001:2000 Certified)
Bhopal - 462030
Submitted by:
Kamlesh Gupta
B.Tech (Civil), VI SEM
Sch.No. - 081111068

Department of Civil Engineering

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology
Bhopal - 462003
December 2010
 Acknowledgment
Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is not
different. I want to express my gratitude and thanks to Mr. S.D Tiwari (AGM, Airport
Authority of India, Bhopal) for his guidance and permission, which was significant for
our successful training. I also extend my gratitude towards Mr. Pankaj Sharma (AM,
Airport Authority of India, Bhopal) and Mr. Shahabuddin Multani (AM, Airport
Authority of India, Bhopal) for being our trainers, and providing us with the information
needed to document in this report. The trainee also wishes to thank M/s PCC
Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, M/s BGSCTPL, Pune; and its employees who were
supportive in the entire duration of training.

A very special word of thanks to Prof. Siddhartha Rokade, Assistant Professor

Department of civil engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, for his
constant guidance and support and providing insight knowledge of the subject
necessary for the understanding of such a big project.

i
 Abstract
The training period started from 6th December, 2010 and finished on 22nd
December, 2010. In these days, we were briefed about the ongoing construction process
at Raja Bhoj International Airport, Bhopal. Our training was essentially divided into two
phases (i) Building (NITB) supervised by Mr. Shahabuddin and (ii) Apron supervised by
Mr. Pankaj Sharma. The training encompassed a variety of learning processes and thus
covered the following Civil Engineering disciplines:-
o Survey
o Geotechnical Engineering
o Transportation Engineering
o Structural Analysis
o Building Materials
o Concrete Technology
o Structural Design & Drawing
o Quantitative Surveying & Costing
o Construction Planning and Project Management
We got the opportunity to work and perform tests in the engineering labs, both
of the Apron and the NITB. One of the most knowledge-enhancing experiences was
witnessing the functioning of the ‘BATCH MIX PLANT’. The period of our training was
during such a time when the project is drawing to its close, yet we were fortunate to
observe some essential concrete work, glass and glazing work, brick-laying and
electrical fittings in the Apron and the NITB.
With the Apron fully constructed and only the final finishing processes in the
NITB, the AAI proposes to render it to public use within three months. It was an
enlightening experience in undergoing training at a project of national stature and great
public significance.

ii
 Contents
Chapter Topics Page No.

Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Contents iii

1. Introduction of AAI 1
2. Introduction of working site 2
3. Details of Project 4
3.1. NITB
3.2. Apron with Link Taxiway
4. Stages of Execution of Work 16
5. Testing of Materials 18
5.1. For Building
5.1.1. Cement
5.1.1.1. Determination of compressive strength of cement
5.1.1.2. Determination of fineness by wet sieving
5.1.1.3. Determination of initial and final setting times of cement
5.1.1.4. Determination of consistency of cement paste
5.1.1.5. Method of casting of cement cubes
5.1.2. Concrete
5.1.2.1. Method of casting of concrete cubes
5.1.2.2. Determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes
5.1.2.3. Determination of workability by Compaction Factor Test
5.1.2.4. Determination of workability by Slump Cone Test
5.1.2.5. Determination of Flexural Strength
5.2. For Apron
5.2.1. Sub grade
5.2.1.1. Grain Size analysis
5.2.1.2. Consistency Limits and indices
5.2.1.3. Compaction Test
5.2.1.4. Shear test on soil
5.2.1.5. California bearing ratio test

iii
 5.2.2. Aggregates
5.2.2.1. Aggregate Impact Test
5.2.2.2. Los Angeles abrasion test
5.2.2.3. Aggregate Crushing Value test
5.2.2.4. Specific Gravity and Water Absorption tests
5.2.2.5. Soundness Test

6. Specific Features Of NITB 20

7. Batch Mix Plant 25
8. Terminology 31
9. Conclusion 35

iv
 1. Introduction of AAI

Organisation:
Airports Authority of India (AAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament and
came into being on 1st April 1995 by merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and
International Airports Authority of India. The merger brought into existence a single
Organization entrusted with the responsibility of creating, upgrading, maintaining and
managing civil aviation infrastructure both on the ground and air space in the country.
AAI manages 125 airports, which include 11 International Airport, 08 Customs
Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 27 Civil Enclaves at Defence airfields. AAI provides
air navigation services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of air space. During the
year 2008- 09, AAI handled aircraft movement of 1306532 Nos. (International 270345
& Domestic 1036187)

Mission:
“To achieve the highest standard of safety and quality in air traffic services and
airport management by providing state-of-the-art of the infrastructure for total
customer satisfactions, contributing to economic growth and prosperity of the nation.”
The Functions of AAI -
• Design, Development, Operation and Maintenance of international and domestic
airports and civil enclaves.
• Control and Management of the Indian airspace extending beyond the territorial
limits of the country, as accepted by ICAO.
• Construction, Modification and Management of passenger terminals.
• Development and Management of cargo terminals at international and domestic
airports.
• Provision of passenger facilities and information system at the passenger
terminals at airports.
• Expansion and strengthening of operation area, viz. Runways, Aprons, Taxiway
etc.
• Provision of visual aids.
• Provision of Communication and Navigation aids, viz. ILS, DVOR, DME, Radar etc.

1
 2. Introduction of Work Site
Name of the Airport : Raja Bhoj Airport

City Name : Bhopal

State : Madhya Pradesh

The site of the new international airport terminus building is situated along the
side of NH-12 at Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal.The new terminus is situated at a distance of 15
kms from Bhopal Junction Station, 20 kms from Habibganj Station.
The Raja Bhoj International Airport is a fantabulous project done by Airport
Authority of India. The airport facilitates a capacity of 500 domestic passengers and 200
international passengers. More importantly a completely new runway 9000 ft in length
has been constructed which can support big aircrafts like B-767, B-400, and AB-310.

Fig.1 Aerial View of the site

2
 The most incredible feature of Raja Bhoj International Airport is the NITB (New
Integrated Terminus Building). NITB is a magnificent combination of advanced
technology and majestic visual aspect. NITB possess all the luxury facilities ranging
from voluptuous lounges to delightful restaurant, considering all the safety measures
and possess an aesthetic pleasing look. There are Aerobridges to enhance the beauty of
the structure.
Raja Bhoj International Airport possess following additional features as followed:-
 Increased Peak hour passenger handling capacity from 250 to 700.
 500 Domestic passengers.
 200 International passengers.
 Increased Car parking capacity from 200 to 600
 Fully Air Conditioned building with State of Art passenger amenities:
 Aero Bridges
 Escalators Elevator
 Restaurant.
 Shopping Area, ATM, Post Office etc.

3
 3. Details of Project

Name of Works Amount (Rs in Crore)

Ext. & strengthening of RWY from 52.00

6700 ft to 9000 ft

Construction of NITB 135.00

Const. of apron and link taxi 40.00

Fig.2 Front view of the Building

4
3.1 New International Terminal Building (NITB)

Fig.3 A glance of NITB

5
3.1.1 Salient Features Of NITB:-

Total Built up Area 17,150 Sq. m

Lower Ground Floor 9,500 Sq. m
Ground Floor 11,250 Sq. m
First Floor 6200 Sq. m
Green Belt/Landscaped Area 50,000 Sq. m
Car Park Area 18000 Sq. m
Roads, Paved, hard standing Area 30000 Sq. m
No of Floors G+1
Peak Hour handling capacity 700 passengers (500
domestic and 200International)

3.1.2 Glass Work:-

Glass work in the International Airport Terminus Building has been done by M/s
ALUFIT (India) Pvt. Ltd. and M/s Alcob System Pvt. Ltd Pune Joint Venture.
It comprises mainly of two types of glasses viz.
1. Toughen
2. Laminated

There is a wide range of glass sizes as well as thickness, e.g.

(i) Glass used on the apron side of the building is the SOUND PROOF TOUGHEN
GLASS. It is 32 mm in thickness comprising of two glasses of 12 mm thickness
and a vacuum in between the two glasses and its dimensions are 1660*1990
mm.
(ii) The glass used on the entry as well as canopy is also TOUGHEN GLASS of
12mm thickness and size 2480*1492 mm.
(iii) The glass used on the aero bridge is ROUNDED TOUGHEN GLASS of 12 mm
thickness and size 2480*1492mm.
(iv) The glass used in the ceiling is laminated glass of 13.52 mm thickness and of
size 2480*1492 mm. The purpose of using laminated glass is to avoid falling
of glass from the ceiling in case of any damage to the glass in the ceiling.

6
City Side Glazing 12mm thick toughened SGG Dew Drop ST 15
Glass
Air Side Glazing Insulated double glazed unit consisting of 6mm SGG DEW
ST 150 toughened glass + 12mm air gap +6mm clear
Toughened glass
Glass Sky Light 13.52 thick laminated consisting of 6mm high performance
cool light series toughened glass + 1.52 PVB +6mm cleared
Toughened glass
Connecting Tube 12 mm SGG dew drop ST 150 toughened/curved
(Aerobridge Corridor) glass
2.4m High Frameless 12mm clear toughened glass with PVDF coated
Glass internal partition 80mm nominal bore GI pipe frame.

Fig.4A glass sample

3.1.3 Air Conditioning:-

The air conditioning job has been done by VOLTAS. Total area under air
conditioning is around 2 lakh sq. feet.
Materials Used:-
1. Galvanized Iron (GI) sheets- They are being in the air conditioning ducts. Air
conditioning ducts are being fixed with the help of fasteners with the help of
metal rod.
7
 2. Glass wool- Its purpose is to provide insulation against dissipation of heat and
maintenance of temperature. It is being applied on the inner side of ducts.
3. Black insulation material- It is being applied on the outer side of ducts for
temperature maintenance.
Machines Used:-
There are all in all 30 machines of various types performing different functions under
air conditioning units.
1. Air handling units (A.H.U.) - There are 17 A.H.U. in the campus of the
International Airport Terminus Building. The function of these units is to cool the
air by passing hot air through the chilled water.
2. Chillers – There are 3 chillers being installed at the basement of the building
which cools the water which thereafter cools air.
3. Electrical devices

3.1.3 Kal-Zip Roofing:-

Roofing work in the International Airport Terminus Building has been done by M/s
PolyBond Organics Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore.
1. Top Layer: profiled sheeting manufactured from Aluminium alloy AlMnlMgl as
specified in DIN 1725 – Quality AA 3004, minimum thickness of 0.9 mm and
PVDF coating(RAL 9010) on the exposed surface.
2. Insulation layer: Mineral wool of overall thickness 100mm (in two layers of
50mm each), density 60 kg/m3.
3. 1 layer of vapour control barrier: Polyethylene film of 0.20mm thick in between
mineral wool.
4. 1 layer of RP tissue on liner sheet
5. Bottom Sheet heavy duty type: Solid Steel liner type Trapezoidal sheeting 30-
32/200-250, 0.70 mm thick 550MPA, 25 microns polyester coated (RAL
9010)hot dip galvanized steel with 41.1% perforation in ribs only

Fig.5 Kal-Zip Roofing

8
 3.1.4 Aerobridge:-
It is a structure which facilitates entry of passengers from the aircraft into the
Terminus building without getting down from the aircraft. There are 2 aerobridges at
the airport.
Apart from serving the purpose mentioned it also yields an aesthetic and impressive
look to the Terminus building. Aerobridge at Bhopal airport are circular in cross section
and have glazing work done along the periphery. They are being supported with the
help of 2 vertical circular columns connected with help of a beam.

Fig.6 Pictures of Aerobridge built at the sit

9
 3.1.5 Connecting Links:-

There are all in all

o 5 staircases
o 4 elevators
o 2 escalators

for linking up ground floor to the first floor.

Fig. 7 Lift and Escalator Used in the Building

3.1.6 Structural Steel Roof Shell:-

The structure steel roof shell is consisting of primary beams @ 12 m c/c, Secondary
beam @ 12m c/c in both directions made out of MS plates of thickness ranging from
6mm to 25mm.The purlin is made of rectangular hollow section @ 1.5 mc/c. The roof is
supported on pyramidal strut columns made of MS pipe of 355mm diameter & 323 mm
diameter which in turn received by 26 nos RCC columns. The sizes of various members
are as below:

Primary Beam 400mm X 300 mm Web 12mm plate Flange 16mm plate
Secondary Beam 400mm X 300 mm Web 12mm plate Flange 10mm plate
Edge Beam 600mm X 700 mm Web 12mm plate Flange 12mm plate
Gutter 800mm X 600 mm Web 6mm plate Flange 6mm plate
Purlin 122mm X 61 mm X 5.4mm thick Rectangular Hollow Section

10
Fig.8 Views of the Steel Roof’

11
 3.1.7 Flooring:-
Mainly three types of stones have been used in the NITB, viz.

o Black granite
o Ghibilee stone
o Italian marble

Details of the stones and pictures from the site are as under:

Fig.9 Various types of floor Tiles Used

3.1.8 ACP (Aluminium Composite Panel):-

Aluminium Composite Panel Cladding, which is a typical metal curtain wall
system. This system is made using lightweight aluminium composite panels. Its
applications are exterior cladding, column covers, in fill panels, fascia’s and canopies,
clean rooms, interior walls and partition panels, equipment enclosures and beam
wraps, trim and accents, soffits, parapets, louvers, sunshades and cornices.
ACP Sheet is held in position by top and down screwing and Silicone. Hence,
double safe and silicone is used mainly for waterproofing while it also provides
additional hold. Superior quality ACP Sheet 4.0mm used in two and three layer

12
coatings in minimum 25-32 microns. They are being used to cover all the
concretecolumns in the NITB.

Fig.10 ACP sheet used

3.1.9 Sanitary:-

The sanitary stuff used is of American standards and is sophisticated too. Whole
flushing system is sensor based. The partition board used is of supreme quality and
are aesthetically pleasing too.

Fig.11 Sanitary used

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3.2 Apron with Link Taxiway
Dimension of Apron = 518m
141.5m (with Shoulder)

Dimension of Link Taxiway = 240m
23m and 80m
23m with

shoulder of 10.5 m on either side of the
taxiways
New Apron is suitable for parking of 1 no Code E, 6 no. Code AB-321 & 6 nos
Code C –ATR types of Aircraft. (Design Aircraft B 747-400)
Expansion joints: There is only one expansion joint which is provided at the centre of
apron i.e., at 70.75m distant from either end in transverse direction.
Contraction joints: The spacing between contraction joints is 5m and 4.16m respectively
along longitudinal and transverse direction.
Material used for covering joint is Polysulphide PS-45

Fig.12 Plan of the Apron along with Link Taxiway and Runway

14
Fig.13 Various Cross Sections of Apron and Taxiways elements

15
 4. Stages of Execution of Works
After a requisition for a work required to be done is received, a preliminary
estimate is prepared to give an idea of the approximate cost involved based on
preliminary plans. It is sent to the requisitioning authority for administrative approval.
The following four basic pre-requisite are required to be fulfilled:-
I. Administrative approval.
II. Expenditure sanction.
III. Technical sanction.
IV. Appropriation of function.
The formal acceptance by requisitioning authority of the proposal contained in
the preliminary estimate framed for the submission to the requisitioning authority
should be signed by the authority competent to accord technical sanction to the detailed
estimate for work and should be forwarded to the department. The administrative
approval will be communicated to the concerned unit of Airport Authority of India (AAI)
and a copy endorsed to the Accounts Officer. One copy of the estimate should be
returned countersigned, to the concerned airport site office.
After receipt of administrative approval and expenditure sanction, detailed
estimates are required to be prepared for technical sanction. As its name suggest, it
amounts to no more than a guarantee that the proposals are structurally sound and that
the estimates accurately calculated and based on adequate data. Before an estimate is
technically sanctioned, the following shall be available:
i. Detailed architectural drawings and specifications.
ii. Structural drawings of foundation.
iii. Structural drawings of superstructure.
iv. Detailed drawings of internal and external services.
The execution of a project/work has two stages viz. the pre-construction stage
and the construction stage. The following activities are involved in these stages:

Pre-construction stage-
(i) Requisition from the client.
(ii) Preparation of site/soil data.
(iii) Discussions with the clients of all their requirements, incorporation of the
same and preparation of the preliminary plans.
16
 (iv) Approval of the plan by client.
(v) Preparation of the Preliminary Estimate & vetting by senior architect.
(vi) Approval of estimates by the clients.
(vii) Preparation and submission of plans to the Local Bodies.
(viii) Approval of plans by Local Bodies.
(ix) Preparation of preliminary structural sizes.
(x) Preparation of service drawing.
(xi) Preparation of architectural drawings.
(xii) Preparation of draft detailed estimate and design review with client and
modification of drawings, if any.
(xiii) Preparation of detailed estimates for main buildings and all services (Civil,
Mechanical, Electricals).
(xiv) Preparation of structural drawings.
(xv) Preparation of draft schedules for work and call of prequalification
applications, wherever required.
(xvi) Selection of contractors from the pre-qualifications applications.
(xvii) Call of tenders and pre-bid conference.
(xviii) Receipts of tenders.
(xix) Decision of tender and award of work.

Construction stage-
(i) Execution of work & contract management.
(ii) Completion of work.
(iii) Testing & commissioning.
(iv) Completion plans and Occupancy certificate from the local body.
(v) Handling over to client.
(vi) Settlement of accounts.

17
 5. Testing Of Materials
5.1 For Building
5.1.1. Cement:-

5.1.1.1 Determination of compressive strength of cement -

Code Referred: IS 4031 (PART 6)

5.1.1.2 Determination of fineness by wet sieving –

Code Referred: IS 4031 (PART 15)
Formula used:
Residue Percentage =

    ()

 
    ()    


It should be less than 10%.

5.1.1.3 Determination of initial and final setting times of cement –

Code Referred: IS 4031 (PART 5)
Initial setting time should be greater than 30 min for 43/53 grade cement.
Final setting time should be less than 600min for 43/53 grade cement.

5.1.1.4 Determination of consistency of cement paste –

Code Referred: IS 4031 (PART 4)
Using Vicat’s Apparatus, The standard consistency of cement paste is the percentage of
water required, where the plunger penetrates into the cement paste of about 5 to 7mm
from the bottom of the mould.

5.1.1.5 Method of casting of cement cubes –

Code Referred: IS 650
The size of the mould is 7.06 cm. The instrument is set for 5 minutes.

18
5.1.2 Concrete

5.1.2.1 Method of casting of concrete cubes

Code Referred: IS 516

5.1.2.2 Determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes –

Code Referred: IS 4031
Permissible tolerance for concrete made on site = -3.5 MPa to +12 MPa
Formula for Finding Strength:

    ()

Compressive Strength (MPa) =
     (! )

The load is multiplied by calibration constant and then by 1.25 to get the exact strength

5.1.2.3 Determination of workability by compaction factor test –

Code Referred: IS 1199
Formula for finding the compaction factor


"    
Compaction Factor =


"    

5.1.2.4 Determination of workability by slump cone test –

Code Referred: IS 1199

Slump = Difference between the height of the mould and that of the highest point of
thesubsidized concrete being tested.

19
5.2 For Apron
5.2.1 Subgrade :-
5.2.1.1 Grain Size Analysis –
Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 4)
The material passing 100mm sieve and retained on 75mm sieve is called `COBBLE’.
The material passing 75mm sieve and retained on 4.75mm sieve is called `GRAVEL’.
The material passing 4.75mm sieve and retained on 75microns sieve is called `SAND’.
The material passing 75microns sieve is called `SILT’.

5.2.1.2 Determination of liquid limit and plasticity index -

Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 5)
These are called Atterberg’s Limits.
Liquid Limit:-

Plastic Limit:-
The moisture is taken when the soil just crumbles with no pressure and
the soil no longer can be rolled.
Plasticity Index (%) = Liquid Limit (%) – Plastic Limit (%)
The liquid limit should be less than 25% and the plastic limit should be
less than 6%. In case of sandy soil, PL should be determined first. When PL
cannot be determined, PL is reported as Non-Plastic (NP). When the PL is equal
or greater than the LL, the PI is reported as zero.
20
5.2.1.3 Determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content by
proctor`s density test-heavy compaction method –
Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 8)

OMC = Optimum Moisture Content

MDD = Maximum Dry Density

5.2.1.4 Determination of shear strength of soil -

21
 A graph is plotted between shear stress and displacement.
Shear strength = C + σ tan (φ)
C = cohesion of soil
σ = normal stress
φ = angle of friction

5.2.1.5 Determination of California Bearing Ratio –

Code Referred: IS 2720 (PART 16)

Penetration depth (mm) Unit standard load Total standard load (kg)
(kg/sq.cm)
2.5 70 1370
5.0 105 2055
7.5 134 2630
10.0 162 3180
12.5 183 3600

The CBR value will be generally reported at 2.5mm penetration, in some cases if the
CBR value at 5.0mm is greater than 2.5mm penetration, the test shall be repeated,
if identical results obtained the result at 5mm penetration shall be reported as CBR
of that material.
The value of CBR for soil should be greater than 10. But the addition of lime or
cement to the soil increases the CBR value, so it can be less.
The value of CBR value for aggregates should be greater than 30, but usually it is
greater than 100.
Correction factor = 6.956

#     


 
CBR = ×100
$     

#     


 
CBR = × 100
%
  
&     

22
5.2.2 Aggregates :-

5.2.2.1 Determination of aggregate impact value

Code Referred: IS 2386 (PART 4)

Aggregate Impact Value (%) =

The fraction passing 2.36 mm sieve

100
The weight of aggregate teken in the measure before crushing

The difference between the initial weight and (the total weight retained on 2.36mm
sieve plus the passed weight) should be less than 1gm. If it is not so, then the test
sample is rejected.
The AIV should be less than 30%.

5.2.2.2 Determination of Los Angele’s abrasion value

Code Referred: IS 2386 (PART 4)
Abrasion Value =

A  B
 C 
  D   .E   
  
A  B
 C 
  

It should be less than 30%.

5.2.2.3 Determination of crushing strength of aggregates

Aggregate crushing value (%) =Percentage passing through 2.36mm sieve.

5.2.2.4 Determination of specific gravity and water absorption using wire basket
Code Referred: ASTM C127
W
FGHI JKLMNONM PQRSNTU =
(F − Y)
W
WKKRQLZT JKLMNONM PQRSNTU =
(W − Y)

23
 100(F − W)
[RTLQ W\]^QKTN^Z(%) =
W

A = Weight of oven dry test sample in air (gm)

B = Weight of saturated surface dry test sample in air (gm)
C = Weight of saturated test sample in water (gm)

5.2.2.5 Determination of soundness of aggregate by sodium sulphate

Code Referred: IS 2386 (PART 5)
Soundness (%) =
   B
   `  ` 
  "
× 100
A  B
 C

Soundness should be less than 12%.

6. Batch mix Plant

24
 It is a device making industrial purpose concrete, which meets large concrete
required of modern construction industry. The concrete batching plant is composed
mainly by aggregate batcher, mixer, cement silo, screw conveyor, aggregate conveyor,
fly ash batcher, liquid additive batcher, aggregate / fly ash / cement / water weighing
scale, chiller, heater, ice conveyor and also the central control system.

6.1 Plant Layout :-

Fig.14 Plant layout

6.2 Aggregate feeder :-

All the feeder bins have pneumatic operated gates.
All the four bins combined have a storage capacity of 7.5 m3.
The gates are radial type for coarse/ fine discharge.
Sand bin is also provided with discharge.

25
Fig.15 Aggregate Feeder

26
 6.3 Gathering Conveyor :-
Aggregates are discharged into Gathering Conveyor, is suspended on 6 load cells.
As soon as the desired recipe accumulates, gathering Conveyor discharges the mix on to
the slingers conveyor. Gathering conveyor and slingers conveyor are provided with
idler rollers and return rollers.

Fig.16 Gathering Conveyor

27
 6.4 Weighing System :-
Weighing hopper is mounted on 3 load cells with butterfly valve for discharge. Cement
weighing hopper capacity 500 kg is provided with pneumatic vibrator and two inlets for two
screw conveyors (WAM-Italy) Water tank supported on load cells and it has gate with rubber
gasket at the bottom. Additives comprise of admixture flask of capacity 10 litters with feeding
pump. Cement is fed from SILO to the cement weighing hopper.

Fig.17 Weighing System

28
 6.5 Retention Hopper :-
Temporary storage hopper is provided with vibrator and it is utilized for holding the
batch of 4 aggregates before feeding into the mixture.

Fig.18 Retention Hopper

6.6 Pan type Mixer :-

Pan type concrete mixtures manufactured
by ASTECH ensure proper mixing and
maximum output.

Pan Type Mixture comes in capacity of 1

m3 and is fixed on the basic structure of
the plant. Mixer having 7 arms and shell is
reinforced with replaceable high wear
resistance NI hard liners. The aggregates,
cement, water ad additives are discharged
to the Pan Mixer.

Only after proper and homogenous mixing,

the batch is ready to be discharged by
hydraulic system.

Fig.19 Pan Type Mixer

29
 6.7 Computerized panel with digital display :-
Fully computerized panel are a standard on ASTECH plant. Software which is
very user friendly ensures top notch performance. Proxy switches for each control
panel, Display of the entire process of control parameters, Provision for printing entire
data like-Mix Proportion, Batch Weigh, Total No. of Batches, Sub Total, Gross Total, etc.
pre-set batch controls the number of batches for Trans it Mixer. There are Provision to
store, edit, production details, mix proportions up to 99 recipes Auto and manual
control.

Fig.20 Computerised Panel and digital

display

30
 7. TERMINOLOGY
7.1 Arrival:-
In the Arrival area of the Building, there are 3 Conveyor belts, 2 for Domestic & 1 for
International Passengers.

The arrival for international and domestic passengers is separated by glass wall
separator (visible in above picture). There are totally two separate blocks for
International and domestic Passengers.

Following are the parts of Arrival Area:-

 Area for Duty free Shop

 VIP lounge with 15 passengers capacity
 Commercial area.

There are 6 Arrival Immigration counters, 4 Custom Counters, and a Custom Office,
Public concourse comprising of a toilet block on Arrival side, a Terminal Manager Room
and a VIP room outside Building.

31
 7.2 Departure:-

The Departure technically refers to the area from where the passengers check
out from the airport, i.e. passengers coming to the airport after air journey enter collect
their luggage and finally leaves airport.

There are 2 conveyer belts in the departure portion of the Bhopal airport(1 for
domestic and 1 for international passengers).

Glass partition are used here too, to separate the international and domestic passengers

7.3 Security Hold Area (S.H.A.):-

Since it is an international airport it has 2 Security hold area (S.H.A.) viz.

 Domestic
 International

Domestic S.H.A. has following specifications:-

It has a seating capacity of 185 at ground floor and 290 at first floor, i.e. a total of
475 passengers. Boarding for the passengers is from gate no. 2. There are 4 bag
scanners where all the luggage of passengers is scanned. The S.H.A. also has following
distinguished features as VIP lounge, child care room, smoking room, commercial area
and restaurant.

International S.H.A. has following specifications:-

It has a seating capacity of 165 passengers at first floor. Boarding for the passengers is
from gate no. 2. There are 4 immigration counters and 2 custom counters. There are 4
bag scanners where all the luggage of passengers is scanned. The S.H.A. also has

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following distinguished features as VIP lounge, child care room, smoking room,
commercial area and restaurant. Also there are duty free shops at the first floor itself.

7.4 Runway:-
The runway of previous airport of was 6700 feet. A new runway was designed
for the Raja Bhoj International Airport, which has a length of 9000 feet.This runway is
capable of holdingD categorybig aircrafts like BOENG 747, 410 and AIRBUS 310.
Not merely there has been advancement in the length of the runway but also
there has been tremendous increment in the technical facilities at the airport. This can
be justified well by the fact that CAT-I Approach Lighting Systemhas been installed
along therunway which is an entirely advanced concept at the airport. In addition to
thisAssociated Ground Lighting facilities is being provided.

7.3 Joints:-
7.3.1 Expansion joint
An expansion joint or movement joint is an assembly designed to safely
absorb the heat-induced expansion and contraction of various construction materials, to
absorb vibration, to hold certain parts together, or to allow movement due to ground
settlement or earthquakes. They are commonly found between sections of sidewalks,
bridges, railway tracks, piping systems, ships, and other structures. Throughout the
year, building faces, concrete slabs, and pipelines will expand and contract due to the
warming and cooling through seasonal variation, or due to other heat sources. Before
expansion joint gaps were built into these structures, they would crack under the stress
induced.
The expansion joint can be simply called as separation between two sections of
the same materials.

Expansion joint Contraction joint

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 7.3.2Contraction joint:-

A contraction joint is a sawed, formed, or tooled groove in a concrete slab that

creates a weakened vertical plane. It regulates the location of the cracking caused by
dimensional changes in the slab. Unregulated cracks can grow and result in an
unacceptably rough surface as well as water infiltration into the base, subbase and
subgrade, which can enable other types of pavement distress. Contraction joints are the
most common type of joint in concrete pavements, thus the generic term "joint"
generally refers to a contraction joint. Contraction joints are chiefly defined by their
spacing and their method of load transfer. They are generally between 1/4 - 1/3 the
depth of the slab and typically spaced every 3.1 - 15 m (12 - 50 ft.) with thinner slabs
having shorter spacing
These joints are filled up with a rubber chemical which has two constituents’ viz.
polysulphide PS-45 and accelerator. When these constituents are being mixed together
they yield a rubber like substance which is flexible as well as rigid enough to serve the
purpose. It is grey in colour and is flexible when touched.
It is used to fill the expansion as well as contraction joints. More importantly a clean
look is attained by taping the boundaries while applying this chemical into the joints
which is later removed, fetching a clean surface.

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 8. Conclusion
Training at the Raja Bhoj International Airport, Bhopal was a highly informative
and cognitive. It provided us not merely the knowledge but a vast practical field
exposure too. Mr. Shahabuddin Multani and Mr. Pankaj Sharma guided us about all the
technology being employed in the project and the specific approach toward execution of
the work at various stages.
Even though the work was in its last stages of execution still we were imparted
ample opportunities. We conducted test on flexural strength of beam and got a chance
to watch the working of automated Batch mix plant.
The New Integrated Terminus Building is a magnificent structure in its visual
aspects as well as in its technical perspective too. We were awarded with opportunity to
have a view in the working of airport and get acquainted with various sections of
airport building, viz. arrival, departure, S.H.A., etc.
As Civil Engineering students not merely the literature but practical exposure is
a vital organ of learning for us. This training has provided us all the aspects that are
crucial for us and surely will be needed in future.

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