CHAPTER 2 : FORCE & MOTION

ANSWER (d) (i) the first tape

2.1 Linear motion

Question 1
(a) Scalar quantity (ii) the last tape
(b) Arrow:

(e) acceleration

(f)
(c) 700
(d) Zero
2.2 Motion Graph
Question 2 Question 4
(a) A.c current (a)(i) velocity
(b) (i) 0.02 s
(ii) constant velocity (ii)
(iii)

(b)(i) acceleration
(b)(ii)
Question 3
(a) Ac current (b)(iii)
(b) Tape chart

Question 5
(a) Displacement
Time

(b) R : from AB

(c)

(ii)

(c) Constant acceleration

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Question 6
(a) 15 m (e) mPuP = (mP + mQ)v
(b) Velocity (2)(1) = (2 + m) (0.4)
(c) (i) constant velocity m = (2 – 0.8)/ 0.4
(ii) at rest = 3 kg

Question 7 Question 10
(a)(i) acceleration (a) quantity of matter in object
(a)(ii) displacement (b) (i) equal but opposite direction
(b) (ii) 0 = MV + mv
MV = - mv
Section of Type of motion
(iii) principle of conservation of
the graph of the car
momentum
(c) (1200)v = (4)(60) = 240
Constant
OA v = 240/1200 = 0.2 m s-1
acceleration
Constant velocity
AB Question 11
(a) Principle of conservation of
momentum
Question 8
(b) Momentum of the man (forward)
(a)(i) constant velocity
is equal with the momentum of
(a)(ii) constant acceleration and
the boat (backward) but in
constant velocity after 2.01 pm
opposite direction
(b)(i) zero
(c) 0 = (50 x 2) + (20)v
(b)(ii)the car moves with constant
v = - (100)/20 = - 5 m s-1
velocity
(d) Rocket
(c)

Question 12
(a) Mass x velocity
(b) Momentum = 0.08 x 100
= 8.0 kg ms-1
(c) Decrease
(d) To lengthen the time of impact /
to reduce the impulsive force

Question 13
(a) Inelastic collision
2.4 Momentum (b) (1200)(30 ) + (1000)( – 20)
(a) Inelastic collision = (1200 + 1000)v
v = 7.27 m s-1
(b) = (c) Inertia
. (d) The larger the mass and
velocity, the higher the
c) mv = 2 x 100 = 2 x 1 = 2 kg ms-1 momentum.
Momentum = mass x velocity
(d) = = .
.

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 Truck with higher momentum
is difficult to stop or higher
impact if accident occurs
2.6 Impulsive force
Question 14
(a) Change of momentum
(b) (i) Force on surface B is larger
than surface A
(ii) Time of impact on surface
A is longer than on surface
B force.
(iii) Constant/unchanged
(iv) The shorter the time of
impact, the larger the
force //force Inversely
proportional to the time
of impact
(v) Sponge/mattress
(c) Higher mass high velocity,
high impact / high momentum /
high impulsive force
Question 15
(a)(i) gravitational potential energy
(ii) kinetic energy
(b)(i) mgh = ½ mv2
v2 = 2gh = 2 x 10 x 2.5
v = 7.07 m s-1
(ii)
Question 17
(a) The position between the two
balls are equal.
The distance between the two
balls increase.
(b) Gravitational force
(c) (i) gravitational acceleration, g
(ii) 10 m/s2
(iii) Mass does not affect g
(d) (i) Velocity decreases
(ii) moves against gravitational
Question 18
(a) Gravitational force
(b) Surface area of the feather is
larger
(c) Velocity increases constantly /
constant acceleration
Final velocity is constant.
Final velocity for water droplet
is higher than final velocity for
feather.
(d) Final velocity is inversely
proportional to surface area
(e) Graph

(c)(i) soft/spongy
Lengthen the time of impact
Reduce the impulsive force
(ii) use parachute
To reduce velocity/momentum

Question 16
(a) Impulsive force
(b) High impulsive force/short
impact time
(c) 0.05 x 5 = 0.25 kg m/s
(d) Use sponge, mattress / soft
material 2.9 Equilibrium of forces
2.8 Gravitational Force

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Question 19 (ii) R = mg – ma / R < mg
(a) Diagram
Question 22
(a) Force is anything that can
move a stationary object //
stop a moving object //
change direction / shape /
speed of an object.
(b) Label force

(b) F = ma
a = 5 / 2 = 2.5 m s-2
(c) 5 N but in opposite direction

Question 19(spm 08) (c) (i) Fx = 120 cos 30⁰ = 104.4 N

(a)(i) magnitude: equal (ii) FY = 120 sin 30⁰ = 60 N
Direction: opposite
(ii) zero
Question 23
(iii) equilibrium of forces
(a) Force is anything that can
(b)(i) Acceleration
move a stationary object //
(ii) there is resultant force, force is
stop a moving object // change
directly proportional to
direction / shape / speed of an
acceleration
object.
Question 20
(b) Diagram
(a) 650 = 300 + P
P = 350 N
(b) The bicycle moves with
constant velocity. The
resultant force equals zero.
(c) Velocity increases / accelerate
(d) Inertia
(e) The time of impact is short. (c) Fx = 1500 x cos 60⁰ = 750 N
High impulsive force. (d) (i) Fx : to make car move
forward // overcome
Question 21 frictional force
(a) 500 N
(b) 1. At rest (ii) Fy : to lift the car off the
2. moving down or up with ground // to move the car
constant velocity upwards// to overcome
(c) F = R – mg the weight of the car
(d) There is a resultant force acts
upward.
R = mg + ma
(e)(i) decreases Question 24

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 (a) 500 N
(b) (i) increased
(ii) decreased
(iii) Unchanged
(c) Resultant force = 0
(d) R = (46)(10) = 460 N
F = mg - R = ma
50a = 500 – 460
a = 0.8 ms-2
Question 25
(a) Attraction force
(b) (i) same magnitude, opposite
direction
(ii) equal in magnitude,
opposite direction
(c) (i) zero
(ii) equal
(d) The net force is zero, at rest
The net force is zero, moves
with constant velocity.
(e) Equilibrium of forces
2.10 Energy
Question 26
(a) To gain maximum kinetic
energy before he begins to
jump.
Kinetic energy increases with
velocity.
(b) To gain elastic potential energy
from the pole.
Change to gravitational
potential energy.
(c) mgh = 60 x 10 x 52 = 3 120 J
(d) 10 m s-2
(e) To lengthen the time of impact
between the athlete and the
mattress.
So reduce the impulsive force
Question 27
(a) Work = force x displacement
(b) (i) 220 x 0.5 = 110 J
(ii) 20 x 10 x 0.5 = 100 J
(c) (i) Work done in 4(b)(i) is larger
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(ii) energy lost to heat/frictional
force
Question 28
(a) Gravitational potential energy
(b) (i) E = mgh = (30)(10)(2.5)
= 750 J
(ii) E = ½ mv2 = ½ (30)(4)(4)
= 240 J
(c) (i) Energy consumes in (b)(i) is
larger than in (b)(ii)
(ii) energy lost to heat /
frictional force
Question 29
(a) (i) Diagram 29.2 is further than
in diagram 29.1
(ii) decreases
(b) Streamline
(c) W = 70 x 10 = 700 J
(d) (i) kinetic energy to
gravitational potential
energy to kinetic energy
(ii) sound / heat
Question 30
(a) (i) Trolley Q has less mass
(ii) Newton’s second law
(b)
(c) Velocity of the trolley
decreases
(d) Trolley Q moves faster along
frictionless slope
(e)(i) mgh = 0.5 x 10 x 0.7
= 3.5 J
(ii) Total energy at the top of
the slope:
 Kinetic energy +
gravitational potential energy
= 3.5 + 3.0 = 6.5 J

2.11 Elasticity
Question 31
(a) (i) Newton, N
(ii) e is directly proportional to
W
(iii) Hooke’s Law
(b) (i) 12 N
(c) Gradient = 12 = 240 N/m
0.05
(d) E = ½ Fx = ½ x 10 x 0.04 = 0.2 J
(e)

Question 32
(a) (i) Hooke’s Law
(b) (i) elastic potential energy
(ii) E = ½ x 60 x 0.08 = 2.4 J
(c) (i) 80 N
(ii) Spring Q
The elastic limit for spring Q
is 100 N which more than 80
N.

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