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Looking at the titles of the fifteen books, then, is quickly apparent that
Kautilya primarily dealt with the preservation of the state. The legal system
Intelligence services and the conduct of war, but which he in favor of diplomatic
the neighbors to avoid compromise with the closure attempts are the questions
the textbook in his state the center of attention.
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In the first book he deals with the question of how a ruler should be good. In the
the second chapter he calls the sciences, which are essential for any king.
In the first place he calls the philosophy, then theology, economics
and the leadership of the staff (the Head of State and Government of the arts). To
Philosophy, he specifically noted: "When light of all the sciences, as an aid
all shops, as the basis of all the commandments of the moral good is the philosophy
respected stable.
28
(1,2,1)
An important aspect is that the ruler of a golden mean for the rigor
should find its official guide:
"After all, who leads a sharp stick, which is the people with horror.
Who leads a gentle staff that is despised. Who to charge the rod
leads, which is worthy of veneration. For wise insight guided rod makes with
the subjects of the moral good, the useful and the earthly senses
Pleasure (of the dharma, artha and kama) teilartig
29
. '(1,2,1)
The role of the king is to protect the weaker. Kautiya speaks
Importance of criminal law in this context, because "the stronger
devour the weak, where no one carries criminal violence. Who is protected from her,
thrives.
30
(1,2,1)
Particularly interesting is 1,9,5 in the Kautilya the ideal advisor to the king
describes, so as most ministers and advisers themselves the first place
it seems to be relevant to that person is indigenous. More
Considerations for the choice of top advisor is a good source,
Zügelbarkeit, Kunstgeübtheit, insightfulness, perseverance, skill,
Eloquence, confidence, willpower, good physical condition of,
Friendliness etc.
The function of the Minister for the king is of the essence. Kautilya
this argument by stating that the activity of the ruler is based on three things: on
the immediately perceived, the perception is withdrawn its
and on the been deduced. The king can only former without help
Exercising because of the perception of his Withdrawn he absolutely needed
sight of another man who is confident, then on Future
with the information obtained from the self and with others
Perceived, can open up.
31
(1,9,5)

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Catherine Poimen
Kautilyas Arthashastra
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The book devotes two to five Kautilya the administrative machinery of the state,
criminal law (whose meaning he repeatedly emphasized; see the
previous section) and the executive branch of government intervention. Each
Administration officials are in the second book of detailed instructions
attributed. These professional groups are, for example overseer of the
Elephants, horses, fields, the customs, the courtesans, the pasture land, forest products
etc..
The duty supervisor has an important position in the administrative sector. Following
Instructions go to this profession:
"[...] Four or five inches to the workers arrived in a caravan
Merchants write: "Who? Where? How much goods leader? And how is
the distinctive mark or stamp was made? "The penalty for
stempellose goods is double the tax. For false (ie, even
made) makes the penalty mark eight times the duty. [...] Trader
to (then in so seized things) the amount and price
the standard set at the foot of the goods issue. [...].
32
"(2,21,39)
Dutiable goods he defined as follows: "The subject of trade, the customs
is the exchange of inside and outside. Export and import goes on
Inches.
33
"Then he meticulously lists the types of goods are as bezollt. (2,22,40)
The book on the Civil court system deals with all areas
the coexistence of the people determine how the marriage, the rights of women,
of slaves, workers, rights of the employer in robbery, word insults
physical assaults insults, dice games, with bets animal fights, etc.
34
The criminal procedure is the subject of the fourth book. Particularly significant
here is the monitoring of subjects, how to handle arrests, education
of murder cases, word interrogations and torture in interrogation and punishment
Mädchenentjungferung.
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This is the title of the sixth book. First of he names the factors, which for him
constitute the state, Reich factors. These are the ruler, the minister, the
Farmland, the fortified city, the army, the ally and adversary.
In the ideal ruler and ministers have already been received. Now showing
he, like other imperial factors have to be. The farmland must
be stable (inside and on the borders), to himself and others in need
able to feed, surrounded by his neighbors, one can control those
possessing more than enough economic resources. Moreover, should the inhabitants
Be loyal to the ruler. The ideal armies are loyal, courageous, strong
and inherit their profession (grandfather - father - son). Their wives and children are
satisfaction and support their husbands.
35

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Kautilyas Arthashastra
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Now Kautilya shows concretely how the rulers in terms of warfare to
I behave. The focus here is the standing procedures "six times" that
are among the factors just mentioned Reich clear from. The difference
of situations makes this distinction in six kriegsstrategische
different modes of operation required.
"This is the binding by treaty, peace, infliction of harm, war,
calm Watching, Waiting, strengthening and start tramping on survey
the enemy to surrender another, protective searches. The hand on
two: war and peace keeping as a double play. If it is weaker than the
Enemy, then conclude a peace treaty
36
. He strengthened and rises
higher, then declare war. Does he (if war is declared): "Neither
the enemy can knock me, nor I him, "then he'll wait. Did he
the preponderance of the necessary things, then it came nearer (to the enemy)
before. If it is lower in power, so he was looking for a support. Then the work only
a fellow be executed with the help, he was making to the
Double play.
37
"(7,1,89-99)
Kautilya stressed then that in the country, no matter which of the six paths we
chooses, the usual economic life must go ahead. And he remembers
to
"[B] I body at peace, then I will gain much by my own
transferring operations to harm the enemy's operations.
[...] Under the protection of trust in the peace treaty would
I look through agents, spies and secret practices of the
Activities of the enemy damage.
38
"(7,1,89-99)
The goal is, whether a peace agreement was concluded, or whether the war led
is the damage to the enemy.
He prefers peace but the war against far more, for he calls the
The adversities of war brings with A...] that it suffers losses
Expenditure, and must be away from home.
39
"(7,2,100)
In this chapter he explains his idea of the neighbors as natural enemies and
of the middle Prince, who should protect the weaker against the stronger the
40
.
Kulke and Rothermund discuss the mediating role of these rulers by
they have a very clear and straightforward description of Kautilyas main idea of
Mechanisms between the states give.
"[The king] is at the center of a circle of states [...] of the
Principle is based, that the neighbor of the natural enemy [...] and its
Neighbors [...] again, the natural [...] friend, is a division which
periphery to the possible influence name several times repeated to himself.
This system of concentric ring-shaped friend and enemy situations

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Kautilyas Arthashastra
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is interspersed with neutral "medium" kings [...] and besieged by
uninvolved outsiders [...].
41
"
Kautilya plays in the tenth chapter of the seventh book, now all possible
Variations of territorial conflicts and the reactions to it by. Always
and again he stresses that the weaker against his strong enemy in the war never
should consider, but should be sought, a peace treaty with him
. Close
Further considerations lead him to the question of what country since a
eroberungswürdiges was. Previously, he defines the term Alliance: An alliance
close two states if they want a country to conquer both. You go
together before. According to Kautilya's only one to envy, one of the country
strong enemy conquered, because the economic return does not seem satisfactory.
It also accounts for one, goes to his theory from that of any neighboring
automatically one's enemy is the enemy and his own friend, the
Neueroberung adjacent land to the enemy. Moreover, it is not the conqueror
very conducive to conquer a country, the constant enemy has to, because
hate this long and this hatred is not as fast against the new
Rulers go off.
42
In a separate ÷rthashastra book the author deals with the grievances of the
of the Army. The main reasons he sees the rampant kama, the one
Begehrenstrieb and all other vices brings with. Dangerous it is when
they are loyal to the king completely revealed and not constantly ask themselves
whether they are at
task set for personal use for it is from.
43
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Kautilya after it is first important, the relative strength and weakness of the
and of the enemy to measure their own troops. Here, too, he stresses
again that battle should be drawn in only when safely be said
possible that our own military power is superior to strength. Otherwise, he
recommends
. Wait
44
Moreover, he warned the rulers and the aspects of loss and expenses
to consider. He describes the loss as the loss of able men, as
Loss of the invested money and grain. Only if the expected from a war
Profit many times greater than losses and expenses, would the king
engage in a war.
45
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After these considerations should now be moved to action, starting
with the establishment of the army camp.
"At one Baustelleerkundigen approved by the site will guide [...
], The carpenters and the astrologers, the army set up camp, round, round
or square, or according to the provisions of the terrain, with four goals, six
Because, nine divisions, equipped with digging, Erdaufwurf, Wall,
Gates and towers for the danger and the permanent stay.
46
"

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Catherine Poimen
Kautilyas Arthashastra
SE "Globalization and Philosophy", Vienna 2004/05
Page 12
Next Kautilya deals with all conceivable considerations that for him
mature war strategy include one, should such as types of
Struggle, battle grounds and requirements for the foot soldiers, horses and
Elephants, the arrangement of the troops.
47
The author of the ÷rthashastra always stressed the importance of political
Alliances. These allow the rulers with reason and a few issues
which they sought to achieve political objectives and losses:
"Of all the gains by military forces and allies (the
King acquired) is the gain of the associations of the best. As a result of their
Combined, the associations for other insurmountable. You
he may, if they arise and are amenable to him, friendly service
bestowal of gifts and make available, and the rebels [...] by
Discord and criminal violence.
48
"
Kautilya, as already mentioned in his textbook always made clear,
that a country should engage in a conflict only if it is his
military superiority is aware of. In the twelfth book, he describes but
ideal behavior in the event that one nation is attacked as weak.
49
He advises, "under the protection of a king is more powerful than that of, or in a
impregnable castle fled, he would operate. "But this is again
only possible if one can apply to land on, the one most inclined
is, at best, therefore, to an ally. Here, too, shows that Kautilyas
Theory on a network of nations are helping is based.
A peace treaty, military conflict may be concluded after a
should, is the stated goal of both warring parties.
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! "#  
Kautilya declared at the beginning of the book fourteen (The Secret) that the
Use of secret funds to be used to "the order of the four castes
to protect.
50
"Should be victims of the enemy king. Disguised spies
have the task of the king enchanted items, which he loves and always with
to contribute, send to.