9th century - Cilician principalities led by Vasil the Robber and Philaretus.

908 AD - Yousuf Emir of Atrpatakan granted crown to Gagik Artsruni who made his
Kingdom of Vaspurakan independent. Gagik Artsruni didn't like Armenian Bagratid
Smbat I giving Nakhichevan to the princes of Syunik.

908 - 943 Gagik I Artsruni ruled Kingdom of Vaspurakan

- Architect Manuel built St Khach church in Aght'amar Monastery
- Succession struggle between Gagik I's sons. Vahram Pahlavuni and Catholicos
Petros Getadardz interevened to give Hovhannes-Smbat, the elder one, Ani castle
and Shirak and Ashot everything else. After Hovhannes-Smbat died, Ashot get
everything.

930s Princehood of Tayk emerged

Mid 10th Century - 1044 Kingdom of Parisos/Khachen ruled by Aranshahiks, but

eventually conquered by Emirate of Gandzak

962 Sparapet Mushegh, brother Ashot III, refuses to obey the King
963 Mushegh proclaims Kars as an independent kingdom

963 - 1065 Kingdom of Kars & Vanand existed

966 - 1000 Governor (Kiurapaghat) Davit of Tayk/Tashir-

Dzoraget/Samshvilden/Lori/Stepanavan gave kingdom to Byzantium b/c had no son

968-1021 Last King of Vaspurakan Senekerim

- 8 cities & 4,000 villages, 1m people Cities Van, Archesh, Berkri, Manazkert
- 72 fortresses
- 115 monasteries
- In 1021 King Senekerim gave Vaspurakan to Byzantium to help defend it from the
Seljuqs.

972 Bagratunis settled Tashir-Dzoraget (Lorri) and Gurgen, son of Ashot III, became
Governor of Tashir.

978 - Smbat II granted the title King to Gurgen

- Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget (Lorri) protected country from attacks by Tblisi and
Gandzak Emirates

978 - 1118 Kingdom of Tashir/Dzoraget/Lorri/Kyurikyan

- Center called Samshvilden/fortress of Lorri near Stepanavan

984 - 1029 Kingdom of Vars & Vanand prospered under King Abas

987 Prince Smbat acknowledged Syunik as a kingdom

987 - 1170 Kingdom of Syunik existed
- Capital was Syuni (now Sisian), then Kapan
- Kingdom also called Kingdom of Kapan or Baghats
- in 12th century, 43 fortresses, 40 monasteries and moe than 1,000 villages

989 - 1048 Davit Anhoghin reigned

998 - 1040 Kingdom of Syunik flourished under King Vasak

1001 - King Davit Anhoghin of Tashir/Dzoraget/Lorri/Kyurikyan disobeyed Bagratunis

of Ani, and was defeated by them by Gagik I

1020 - 1041 Rule of King Hovhannes-Smbat in Kingdom of Ani

1022 Byzantine Emperor Basil I acquired Kingdom of Ani in negotiations in

Trebizond because Catholicos Petros Getadardz pressured Hovhannes-Smbat (1020-
1041) to will it to Byzantium.
- Emperor Michael IV sent army to attack Kingdom of Ani, but 30K residents of Ani
led by Vahram Pahlavuni defeated Byzantines

1042 - 1045 Gagik II, the 16-year old son of Ashot IV, inhereted throne of Kingdom
of Ani w/ help from Sparapet Pahlavuni

1044 - People of Ani defeated Byzantines two more times, and Gagik II went to
Constantinople through the persuasion of Vest Sargis Prince, going with the
Catholicos, to meet with Byzantine Emperor Constantine Monomakh.

1045 - King Gagik II exiled to the city of Pizu by the Byzantines. People of Ani threw
open gates for Byzantines. Kingom of Ani fell, but Armenian independence persisted
in Vanand, Syunik, Tashir, Arts'akh & Sasun.
- Byzantines encouraged Armenian princes to move to other lands like Asia Minor
- Byzantines exiled Catholicos Petros Getadartsi, who actually helped the Byzantines
acquire the Kingdom of Ani.

1047 - 20K Seljuk Turks invaded Armenia, reached Basen through Vaspurakan

1048 - 100K Seljuk Turks invaded Armenia

- Turkish Commanders Gtlmoush and Ibrahim massacred Armenians near Mount
Smbataberd of Mananagh.
- Turks destroyed Artsn, a commercial city near Karin.
- Byzantines, Armenians & Georgians defeated at the Battle of Basen.
- Turks returned to Atrpatakan.

1054 - Turks invaded for 3rd time under Commander Toughril, but met resistance at
Karin and Kars.
- Armenian named Tatoul wounded one of Toughril's favorite Turks. Tatoul was
imprisoned, told that he would die of the Turk died, and Tatoul said that the Turk
would die.
- Turks tried to take revenge on people of Manzakert
- Armenian set fire to artillery machines w/ oil by pretending to negotiate w/ Turks.

1056 - Turks met w/ strong resistance by Moushegh and Tornik Mamikonian in

Taron-Sasun.

1064 - Sultan Alp-Aslan invaded Armenia, Lorri, besieged Ani. Byzantine troops
holed up in Mijnaberd.
- Same fate for city of Akhalkalak, center of Javakhk. After fall of Ani, the Kings of
Tashir-Dzoraget, Kars and Syunik submitted to Seljuks.

1065 - King of Kars Gagik Abasian, left his kingdom to Byzantium. Only Kingoms of
Syunik and Tashir-Dzoraget remained, and Tornikian ruled remained in Sasun.

1071 - Battle of Maznikert, Emperor Diogenes captured.

1074 - Rule of Seljuk State in Asia Minor.

- Seljuk state split later, and Ani went to the Muslim Shadadian family.
- Shah-Armens, w/ Khlat as its center, formed in south
- Muslim Atabekut'yun of Gandzak was formed in Utik.

1080 - 1095 Prince Rouben, a relative of Gagik II of the Bagratuni Dynasty, rebelled
against the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia.

1080 - 1375 Cilicia was independent

1089 - 1125 King Davit Shinarar reconstructed city of Gori.

- Sargis Zakarian was made Commander-In-Chief of Army (Amirspasalar) in
Georgian royal court.

1095 - 1100 Rouben's son Constantine I expanded Cilicia

1098 - Constantine I of Cilicia captured the fortress of Vahka.

1100 - 1129 Toros I of Cilicia, Armenians got cities of Sis and Anarzaba/Anavarza

1107 - Toros I of Cilicia and Vasil the Robber pushed Seljuks out of Cilicia

1111 - Toros I took brothers of Byzantine "Mandale" captive

1113 - Armenian/Georgian forces liberated Lori, but Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget

was integrated into Georgian state.

1124 - People of Ani asked King Davit Shinarar to enter, and he kickeed out Muslim
Shadadians. Shadadians besieged city.
- Heroine Aytsemnik threw stones
- 2 years later people of Ani surrendered to the Shadadians.

1129 - Levon I of Cilicia got cities of Mamestia, Adana and Tarson, all seaside cities
1137 - Byzantines captured Cilicia, Levon I died

1145 - 1169 Toros II, Levon I's son, escaped Byzantium and ruled Cilicia

1156 - 1184 King Georgy III (?of Georgia?)

1161 & 1174 - King Georgy III briefly got control over Ani.

1169 - 1175 Reigh of Mleh in Armenia, Sis expanded as its capital

- Tried to be friendly w/ Muslim states such as Iconia
- Armenian priests organized his murder

1175 - 1187 Rouben II of Cilicia expelled last Byzantine official, Kir Sahak

1184 - 1207 Queen Tamar

1185 - Sargis Zakarian became Amirspasalar (Commander-in-Chief)

- After his death, his son Zakare Zakarian took same position.
- Ivane, Zakare's younger brother, became Crown Prince (aka Atabek).

1187 - 1219 Reign of Levon II in Cilicia

- Created positions of gonstable (constable=sparapet) Spasalar (Commander of
Cavalry), Marajakht (Supplier of Army Rations), Maksapet (Director of Financial
Affairs), Jantcler (Secretary of Royal Court), Payl (King's Regent), etc.?
- Levon II became known as Metsagorts (the Magnificent)

1187 - Levon II defeated Muslim Iconians at Ravin, and Iconian commander Rostom
was killed.

1188 - Cilicia invaded Iconia

1190s - Boundary of Cilicia Marash in NE, Aleksandrapol in SE, Antalia in W and

Cappadocia in N.
- Third Crusade, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa recognized Cilicia as a
kingdom.

1191 - Levon II helped Richard the Lion-Heart capture Cyprus from Byzantines, and
later the French Lusinians ruled there.

1193 - Levon II captured Bohemond, Duke of Antioch at the Fortress of Kastim.

- Bohemond's son married Levon's niece, their son was to beome king of united
kingdom
- Son's uncle Bohemond Miaknani (one-eyed) took throne, but Levon II expelled him.

1196
- Amberd fortress was liberated
- Levon II of Cilicia got crowns from Byzantine Emperor Aleksey and from Holy
Roman Emperor Henri I.

1198 - Levon II crowed as King in Tarson

1199 - Ani was liberated for fourth time. Arts'akh, Syunik and Araratian Plain were
liberated.

12th century - Kingdom of Syunik/Kapan/Baghats had 43 fortresses, 40 monasteries

and 1,000 villages

1202 - Levon II took Lambron Fotress from the Muslim Hetumids.

1203 - Dvin was liberated

1206 - Kars was liberated, and later Basen and Bagrevand, Armenian/Georgian
forces reached Manzakert and Archesh

1209 - Armenians besieged Khlat, but Ivane fell into a pit and was captured.
- Zakare had to withdraw in order to save his brother.
- Zakarian family established principality which included Shirak, its capital Ani,
Araratian Plain, and surroundings of Sevan.
- Vahramian family had a vassal principality under Zakarians, in NE Armenia, in
Tavush and Gardman and Parisos centered on Gag Fortress. Founder was Vahram,
Sargis Zakarian's brother.
- Proshian family under Zakarians ruled in Vayots Dzor and the Vachutian family in
Aragatsotn and Amberd, the Orbelians in Syunik and the Hassan-Jalalian family in
Arts'akh/Khachen.

1217 - Relations between Rouben-Raymond and Levon II became hostile, and Zabel
his daughter became heir.

May 2, 1219 - King Levon II died

- Crown passed to daugher Zabel. Rouben-Raymond attempted to seize throne,
failed died in prison.
- Constable Constantine arranged Zabel to marry Philip, heir of Duke of Antioch.
- Armenian nobility dethroned Philip, Zabel ruled alone until 1226. Constable
Constantine married Zabel to his own son Hetum. Constantine's other son Smbat
became Constable.

1220 - Mongols invaded Transcaucasia. Armenian/Georgian forces led by Georgian

King Georgy Lashan and Ivane Zakarian met them in valley of Kotman. Mongols won
against Georgians, but not against Armenians, and moved on.

1226 - 1270 Reign of King Hetum I of Cilicia. Mongols came in, King Hetum wanted
to ally w/ their Khan Bachu.
- Constable Smbat sent to Karakorum to arrange alliance

1231 - Mongols defeated Jalaleddin, and destroyed Vaspurakan.

1232 - Mongols destroyed town of Gandzak.

1236 - 30K Mongols led by Charmaghan invaded Armenia. Aghvank and Zakarian
Armenia were in dissent, did not unite to fight.
- Mongols captured Ani, Shamkor & Lore.

1242 - Mongols moved to Ikonia Sultanate. City of Karin was besieged.

- Mongols forced Georgians & Armenians to fight against their compatriots.

1243 - Mongols defeated Sultanate of Ikonia, occuppied Yerznka, Tevrik, Ceasaria &
Sebastia.

1244 - Mongols took control over Armenian lands of Taron, Vaspurakan & Aghdznik.
- Taxes high, farmland turned to pasture

1249 - Armenian & Georgian princes prepared to rebel against Mongols. Mongols
suppressed them.

1254 - King Hetum went to Karakorum himself to sign an alliance with their Great
Khan Mongke.

1259 - Georgian King Davit VII led new rebellion against Mongols. Khan Huvalu
brutally suppressed it. Armenian leaders Hasan-Jalal and Zakare Zakarian were
executed. Rebellions in Georgia, Shirak, Arts'akh and Lori.
- Mongols put Armenia in admin unit of Elghanutyun.
- Vachutian and Proshian families weakened. Orbelians in Syunik, Dopians in Upper
Khachen, Azizbekians in Mount Ara and Hasan-Jalalians in Lower Khachen preserved
positions.

1260 - Turkish Mamluks under Beybars defeated Mongols.

1266 - Beybars' troops invaded Cilicia. King Hetum I's son Toros killed, other son
Levon taken captive.
- Armenians defeated in Mar.

1266 - Descendents of Zakarians established an Armenian-Georgian prince-hood in

Javakhk of Akhatsikhe region. Preserved independence until 16th century.

1270 - 1289 Reign of King Levon III

- Mamluks pillaged port city of Ayas. King Levon II offered yearly tribute.

1299 - Mongols tried to capture Syria again. Georgian, Armenian & Cilician troops
participated. Mongols lost at Damascus.
- Many Cilicians thought Rome was stronger, advocated union with Rome.

1299 - Osman, leader of Soghoots tribe, establishes Ottoman state.

1307 in Sis and 1316 in Adana - Armenians accepted Roman Catholicism, expecting
assistane. Didn't get assistance.

1320 - Mamluks occupied Ayas again.

1335 - Mamluks destroyed Mamestia, Adana and Tarson.

1337 - Mamluks destroyed city of Ayas again.

1343 - Crown passed to Lusinian Dynasty, a French dynasty

1344 - 1362 Reign of King Constantine IV of Cilicia.

- Mamluks and Turkmen attacked.

1344 - Mongol province of Armenia in Elghanutyun collapsed.

- Turkish tribe of Ak-Koyunlu settled in SAremnia in Moks and Aghdznik. The Kara-
Koyunlu settled in Vaspurakan and Taron.

1350s-60s - Cilicia lost valley region and ports

1370 - 60K Mamluks & Turkmen & Emirate of Aleppo invaded. Armenian General
Liparit defended Sis, but last King of Cilicia Levon V taken prisoner. French sided
with enemy.

April 1375 - King Levon V taken prisoner to Cairo.

1378 - Kara-Mahmad and son Kara-Yusuf founded state. The Ak-Koyunlu leader
Osman founded another state near city of Diarbekir. Fought each other, Armenians
suffered.

1386 - Tamerlane invaded Armenia through Syunik. People of Koghb Village, led by
Martiros Tanuter, defeated Tamerlane.

1387 - Tamerlane invaded again, this time Van. Tamerlane killed all men, enslaved
women & children.

1394 - 1396 Tamerlane raids continued

1400 - 1402 Tamerlane raids continued

1402 - Tamerlane defeated Ottoman Sultan Bayazid I.

1408 - Kara-Yusuf leader of Kara-Koyunlu defeated Tamerlane's son Mranshah.

Kara-Yusuf ruled over Armenia and Atrpatakan. Tovma Metsopetsi said that during
this time Armenia was relatively peaceful.

1420 - Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu fought again, Armenians suffered

1437 - 1467 Jhanshe of the Kara-Koyunlu used Armenians to win./

- Armenian princehoods of Lake Sevan, Vayots Dzor, Arts'akh, Syunik and Gugark
emerged.

1441 - Assembly in Ejmiatsin to move Catholicosate there.

- 300 clergy participated
- Kirakos Virapetsi became Catholicos

1446 - Karapet Yevdokatsi established Catholicosate of Cilicia.

1468 - Ak-Koyunlu tribe defeated Kara-Koyunlu tribe

- Their leader Ouzun Hasan conflicted with Ottoman Turks.

15th century - After Cilicia collapsed, Armenian Catholicosate moved from Sis to
Ejmiatsin.
- Armenian patriarchs in Jerusalem, Constantinople, Aghtamar and Gandzasar.

1502 - Safavid Dynasty established around City of Ardabil. Known as kizilbash "red
heads." Defeated Ak-Koyunlu.

1512 - Leader of Safavids Shah Isma'il invaded Armenia. Ottoman Sultan Selim the
Terrible invaded back.

1514 - Battle of Chaldran Sultan Selim the Terrible defeated Persians @ Tavriz. Then
Persians forced Ottomans out of Iran.

1550 - Sha Isma'il's son Tahmasp invaded Turkey, laying waste from Van to Yerznka
and Karin.

1554 - Ottomans invaded Transcaucasus, destroyed Ararat & Syunik.

May 29, 1555 - Ottoman/Persian Peace Treaty in Amasia, split Armenia.

1578 - Turks invaded Transcaucasus, took 60K hostages from Armenia

1590 - Persian Shah 'Abas signed peace treaty, gave up Transcaucasus.

1603 - Shah 'Abas invaded Transcaucasia, took Tavriz, Julfa and Yerevan.
- Persians ruined EAremnia, Vaspurakan, Taron, High Hayk'

1604 - Turks prepared to invade, Shah 'Abas retreated and destroyed all territory.
- 350K Armenians deported, city of Julfa on Araks river deported.

All Kingdoms accepted Bagratuni Kingdom as overlord, and Bagratid kingdom was
called Kingdom of Ani/Shirak. Princehood of Taron was also a part of it.