March 1998

British Gypsum Guide to

Timber Frame Construction
 Timber Frame Construction

Timber frame construction has a

centuries–long tradition in the

UK, however, over the last 80

years it has continuously evolved

to meet the challenges of c1560

changing Regulations and

expectations. Currently, the UK

population of modern timber

frame dwellings is around

1 million and the number is

c1860

growing. Non–housing

applications such as hotels,

nursing homes, schools, and

community buildings, now

account for over 30% of the UK

Timber Frame Industry output. 1974

British Gypsum products are widely specified within

timber frame buildings to form internal elements.
Applications include linings to external walls,
partitions, ceilings, separating and compartment
floors, cavity barriers and ceilings below roof spaces.
1995

2
 Timber Frame Construction

Contents

Introduction 4

Components 5

Applications 6

Performance 8

Performance tables 9

Design 15

Construction details 17

Board fixing on site 26

3
 Timber Frame Construction
Introduction
Timber framed construction is being increasingly adopted by
a wide range of client groups because of its contribution to
energy efficiency. Typical applications range from private
dwellings through to hotels, nursing homes, and community
buildings.
Within timber frame buildings, British Gypsum products are
extensively used to form the internal elements. They provide
external wall linings, partitions, separating and
compartment walls, ceiling linings, compartment floors,
cavity barriers, and ceilings below roof spaces. Linings range
from basic Gyproc Wallboard where economical space
division is required, through to specialist boards such as
Gyproc Wallboard Duplex, Moisture Resistant Board, Plank,
Duraline, SoundBloc, Fireline, and Glasroc Multi-Board,
chosen to achieve specified performance requirements.
The lightweight nature of plasterboard and its speed of
installation are ideally suited to timber frame building
methods. This, coupled with completely dry construction
techniques and the high standards of finishing that are
possible, mean that British Gypsum products provide
extremely cost-effective internal lining solutions.
British Gypsum linings/elements conform to :
BS 1230: Part 1: 1985 Specification for plasterboard excluding
materials submitted to secondary operations.
BBA Certificate No. 90/2541: Glasroc Multi-Board.
BS 5234: Parts 1 & 2: 1993 Code of Practice: Internal
non-loadbearing partitions.
Limitations
British Gypsum standard plasterboard linings are not
generally suitable for use in areas subject to continuously
damp or humid conditions. In such applications the designer
should consider the use of specialist boards or treatments. For
further details contact British Gypsum Technical Service
Department on 0990 456123.
Seasoned timber with a moisture content not exceeding that
recommended in BS 5268: Part 2: 1991 and BS 4978: 1988
should be used throughout.
Handling and storage
British Gypsum fully accepts its responsibilities as a supplier of
building materials and systems as required by Section 6 of the
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. However, in designing
and installing systems incorporating British Gypsum products,
full consideration must be taken of the requirements of the
following :
1 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992.
2 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994.
3 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
1988 (COSHH).
4
Your attention is brought to the following publications which
give approved guidance.
4 Manual Handling Guidance on Regulations
ISBN 0 11 886335 5.
5 Managing Construction for Health and Safety ACOP
ISBN 0 7 7176 0792 5.
6 A Guide to Managing Health and Safety in Construction
ISBN 0 7176 0755 0.
7 Designing for Health and Safety in Construction
ISBN 0 7176 0807 7.
8 The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health in the
Construction Industry ISBN 0 11 885526 3.
Quality
British Gypsum
British Gypsum operates quality assurance procedures to
BS EN ISO 9002, and maintains the quality and leading edge
performance of its products and systems through an
extensive and on–going programme of research,
development, and testing. This is supported by in–house fire,
acoustic, and system test facilities which are unique among
building manufacturers, and match the best available
anywhere in the U.K.
Timber & Brick
The Timber & Brick Quality Mark is a Quality Management
and Product Conformity Scheme, which establishes a
benchmark of good practice for designers and manufacturers
of timber framed buildings. It is based upon the system
requirements of ISO 9000, and the technical requirements of
Building Regulations together with relevant British, European
and Warrantors' Standards. There are two parts to the
scheme covering both design and manufacture.
Specifiers can now procure timber framed buildings safe in
the knowledge that the companies they are approaching
have all been through a rigorous third party certification
process before being awarded their Certificate of
Registration. In addition they are assured that on–going
surveillance is taking place to make sure that the high
standards established at the initial registration stage are
being maintained.
The benefits of the Timber & Brick Quality Mark are only
available from timber frame design and manufacturer
members of Timber & Brick. A full list of members is available
from The Timber & Brick Information Council on
01923 778136
 Timber Frame Construction

Components Gyproc and Glasroc boards – description

Gyproc and Glasroc boards – data Wallboard / Wallboard Duplex

Standard board product suitable for direct
Table 1 Dimensions decoration or gypsum plaster finish.

Type of board Thickness Width Wallboard Duplex is backed with a vapour control
mm mm
..................................................................................... membrane for use where a vapour control layer is
specified.
Wallboard, Wallboard Duplex 9.5, 12.5, 15 900, 1200
Plank 19 600
Plank
Moisture Resistant Board 9.5, 12.5, 15 1200
19mm thick version of Wallboard which provides
Duraline 12.5 1200
SoundBloc 12.5, 15 1200
additional mass
Fireline 12.5, 15 900, 1200
Fireline Duplex 12.5 1200
Multi-Board 6, 10, 12.5 1200 Moisture Resistant Board
Baseboard / Baseboard Duplex 9.5 900 Silicone treated core and water repellent green
Lath 9.5, 12.5 400 paper liner. Suitable as a base for ceramic tiling in
..................................................................................... wet–use areas, and for external soffits in sheltered
Gyproc Nails - 30, 40, 50, and 65mm, fixing boards to framing. positions.

Gyproc Drywall Screws - 32, 36, 42, 50, and 60mm, fixing Duraline
boards to framing as an alternative to nail-fixing. Modified higher mass core with a heavy duty
mustard coloured liner. Provides a high impact
Isowool General Purpose Roll (1000) or
resistance wall and partition lining.
Isowool Acoustic Partition Roll (1200) - providing acoustic
and thermal insulation in partitions, walls, roofs, and floors.
SoundBloc
Isowool Timber Frame Batts (1005) - providing thermal
High density core with a pale blue liner. Suitable for
and acoustic insulation in external walls.
wall linings and partitions where greater levels of
Isowool Sound Deadening Floor Slabs (6405) - providing sound insulation are required.
sound deadening in timber-base intermediate separating
floors.
Fireline / Fireline Duplex
Isowool Flanged Rolls (1012) and (1022) - paper-faced and Pink coloured liner. Glass fibre and other additives in
aluminium-faced products respectively for specialist the core to provide increased fire protection.
applications.
Fireline Duplex is backed with a vapour control
Isowool Sleeved Cavity Fire Barrier - fire stopping. membrane for use where a vapour control layer is
specified.
Gyproc Resilient Bar - for partially isolating the lining from
the framing for improved sound insulation. Glasroc Multi–Board
Non–combustible glass reinforced gypsum board.
Gyproc Sealant (optional) - sealing airpaths.
Combines excellent fire protection properties and
high impact resistance. Ideal for curved linings.
Gyproc jointing materials - for a seamless finish, including:

Joint Tape - perforated paper tape for joint reinforcement. Baseboard / Baseboard Duplex
Fibatape - self-adhesive glass fibre mesh tape. Grey faced board suitable for lining timber joists,
Joint Filler - tape bedding and filling joints. studs, and battens as a base for gypsum plasters.
Easi-Fill - tape bedding, bulk filling, and finishing.
Joint Cement - joint finishing (hand or mechanical). Baseboard Duplex is backed with a vapour control
Glasroc Filler - bulk filling joints in Glasroc Multi-Board. membrane for use where a vapour control layer is
Drywall Primer - priming the lining surface ready for specified.
decoration.
Drywall Sealer - priming and sealing the lining surface Lath
to provide vapour control. Grey faced ceiling board suitable for gypsum plaster
application.
Thistle Multi-Finish or Thistle Board Finish - providing a
plaster finish to the decorative face as an alternative to jointing.
5
 Timber Frame Construction

Applications

Internal partitions and walls

Timber stud partitions and walls are used in both new-build
and general refurbishment. Timber stud separating and
compartment walls are primarily specified as sound resisting
walls in residential units such as flats and apartments to meet
the sound insulation requirements of national Building
Regulations. The partitions and walls are constructed from
timber sections nail-fixed to provide a suitable single stud or
twin stud framework. Gyproc or Glasroc boards are nail or
screw-fixed to each side to form the lining. Isowool insulation
will improve sound insulation if included in the stud cavity.
Refer to Tables 2 and 3.

External walls
Gyproc plasterboards are used as the internal lining to structural
timber frame walls. The external wall is based on a structural
timber frame comprising factory-produced timber units to
which sheathing board and a breather membrane is attached.
The frame is tied to the external brick leaf using flexible wall
ties. Alternative claddings, such as tile hanging and timber
cladding, are fixed directly to the timber frame. Isowool glass
mineral wool insulation is included in the stud cavity, and
Gyproc plasterboard forms the internal lining. Refer to
Table 4.

Floors and ceilings

Gyproc plasterboards are fixed to timber joists to form ceiling
linings in both new-build and general refurbishment. They
comprise one or two layers of board which are nail or
screw-fixed to the timber joist supports. Isowool glass mineral
wool insulation will improve the thermal and sound
insulation. Compartment floors are primarily specified as
sound resisting floors in residential units such as flats and
apartments to meet the sound insulation requirements of
national Building Regulations. They combine a plasterboard
ceiling lining, Isowool insulation in the floor cavity, and a
platform or Gyproc SI Floor to give the required airborne and
impact sound performance. Refer to Tables 5 and 6.

Roofs
Gyproc plasterboard is used to line the underside of
traditional or trussed roof rafters to provide a ceiling
membrane with Isowool glass mineral wool insulation laid Typical interiors
over the membrane to provide sound / thermal insulation.
Gyproc Gyplyner or Gyproc MF Suspended Ceiling can be used
where a reduced height ceiling is required. Refer to Table 7.

Cavity barriers
National Building Regulations require that concealed spaces
in the structure or fabric of a building are sub-divided or
sealed by means of cavity barriers or fire stopping. Suitable
cavity barriers can be formed using Gyproc Fireline or Glasroc
Multi-Board of appropriate thickness. Isowool Sleeved Cavity
Fire Barrier can provide fire stopping. Refer to Table 8.

6
 Timber Frame Construction

Energy efficient private housing

Community housing for the elderly

Period style private housing Private flats development

Stone-faced environmentally conscious development

7
 Timber Frame Construction

Performance

Fire protection
Plasterboard is designated a 'material of limited
combustibility' within the Building Regulations 1991. The
plasterboard surfaces achieve a Class 0 rating as a result of
their performance when tested to BS 476: Parts 6 and 7.
Glasroc Multi-Board is non-combustible when tested to
BS 476: Part 4: 1970.

Fire resistance
The fire resistances given in Tables 2 - 8 are for imperforate
constructions tested to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, or BS 476:
Part 22: 1987, or are assessments based on these tests.

Sound insulation
The Rw ratings given in Tables 2 – 8 are for imperforate
constructions and have been calculated in accordance with
BS 5821: Part 1: 1984, using measurements from laboratory
tests to BS 2750: Part 3 : 1980, or estimates where direct test
data is not available.

Airtightness is essential for optimum sound insulation. While

most junctions will be sealed by standard jointing materials,
gaps at the base of the partition or lining, at the perimeter of
the floor / ceiling, and other small airpaths, can be sealed
using Gyproc Sealant.

The laboratory sound insulation data quoted was measured in

the absence of flanking transmission. The actual performance
of the building element will generally be governed by
flanking transmission.

Water vapour control

Where there is a requirement for a vapour control layer,
Duplex grade boards should be specified as the face layer (i.e.
the outer layer in double layer linings). The application of
two coats of Gyproc Drywall Sealer to the face lining will also
provide vapour control.

Thermal properties
Isowool glass mineral wool insulation is positioned between
joists or wall studs to provide the required level of thermal
insulation. The U values given in Table 4 for external wall
constructions are based on a non-combustible glass mineral
wool quilt being provided in the stud cavity. The use of 90mm
Isowool Timber Frame Batts 1005 in conjunction with a
standard 89mm stud framework can provide a U value down
to 0.38W/m2K. The use of 140mm studs with the same
thickness of Isowool 1005 can provide a U value down to
0.27W/m2K.

Roof designs

8
 Timber Frame Construction

Performance

Table 2 Timber stud partitions and walls with Gyproc linings

1 2 3 4

One layer of board each side One layer of board each Two layers of board each side Remedial treatment on one
of timber studs at 600mm side of timber studs at of timber studs at 600mm side of existing plasterboard
centres. 600mm centres with one layer centres. partition using 50 x 50mm
fixed to Gyproc Resilient Bars timber battens at 400mm
to one side plus 25mm centres with 50mm Isowool
Isowool 1200 in the cavity. 1200 between Gyproc
Resilient Bar fixed horizontally
and two layers of board.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail Board type Board Nominal Approx. Fire Laboratory sound insulation Performance
thickness partition weight resistance 100 — 3150Hz substantiation
thickness No insulation 25mm report
Isowool 1200 ø
mm mm kg/m2 hours Rw dB Rw dB
...............................................................................................................................................................................
1 Multi–Board 6 87 15 ½ 34 – G106001

1 Wallboard 12.5 100 19 ½ 35 36 A026001 / 005

1 Duraline 12.5 100 28 ½ 36 – Q026021

1 Wallboard 15 105 23 ½ 37 40 A026002 / 006

2 SoundBloc 12.5 116 24 ½ 37 41 A046013 / 021

1 SoundBloc 12.5 100 23 ½ 38 40 A026011 / 016

2 Wallboard 12.5 116 20 ½ – 42 A046009 / 017

1 SoundBloc 15 105 27 ½ 40 43 A026014 / 017

........................................................................................
1 Fireline 15 130 30 1¶ 38 – A026023

3 Wallboard 12.5 125 36 1 38 42 A026003 / 007

3 SoundBloc 12.5 125 44 1 44 46 A026015 / 018

4 SoundBloc 15 196 48 1 – 52 § A05402

........................................................................................
3 Fireline 15 160 54 2¶ 41 – A026025
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 2
The fire resistance and sound insulation performances are for partitions and walls incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and
filled according to British Gypsum’s recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used
throughout, and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with
British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailed-fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to board fixing on site, Table 12.
Minimum dimensions of timber studs 75 x 38mm unless otherwise stated. Larger stud sizes will enhance performance.
¶ Loadbearing partitions at 100% load ratio, with minimum dimensions of timber studs nominal thickness 100 x 50mm.
§ 50mm Isowool 1200.
ø An equivalent sound insulation improvement can be achieved using 60mm Isowool 1000.
9
 Timber Frame Construction

Table 3 Timber stud separating and compartment walls with Gyproc linings

Separating / compartment walls Compartment walls

100% load ratio

1 2 3 4

Two separate timber frames
spaced 50mm apart, consisting
of 89 x 38mm timber studs at
600mm centres with mid–height
noggings. Two layers of board each
side. Min. 25mm Isowool 1200
between the studs on one side.
Two separate timber frames
consisting of 89 x 38mm timber
studs at 600mm centres with
mid–height noggings. Two layers
of board each side. Min. 80mm
Isowool 1000 between the studs
on one side.
Two layers of board each side
of 75 x 38mm timber studs at
600mm centres with Gyproc
Resilient Bars fixed horizontally
to one side at 600mm centres.
Min. 50mm Isowool 1200 in
the cavity.
Two layers of board each side
of 75 x 38mm timber studs at
600mm centres with Gyproc
Resilient Bars fixed horizontally
to both sides at 600mm centres.
Min. 50mm Isowool 1200 in the
cavity.

5 Separating / compartment wall in roof spaces

Minimum 37mm timber roof trusses with additional framing to back board joints.
One or two layers of board each side.
Isowool insulation installed if required.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail Board type Board Nominal Approx. Fire Laboratory sound insulation Performance
thickness partition weight resistance 100 — 3150Hz substantiation
thickness report
mm mm kg/m2 hours Rw dB
...............................................................................................................................................................................
5 Duraline 12.5 225 (min) 30 1 38 Q026024

5 Wallboard 25 (2 x 12.5) 250 (min) 40 1 38 A046025

3 SoundBloc 25 (2 x 12.5) 141 46 1 56 A046005

4 SoundBloc 25 (2 x 12.5) 157 47 1 59 A046006

2 SoundBloc 30 (2 x 15) 263 (min) 55 1 61 A036002 ¶

1 Wallboard / Plank 12.5 + 19 263 (min) 54 1 63 A046022 ¶

1 SoundBloc / Plank 12.5 + 19 263 (min) 58 1 64 A036001 ¶

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 SoundBloc 30 (2 x 15) 151 54 1½ 58 A046007

3 SoundBloc / Plank 12.5 + 19 154 57 1½ 58 A046023

4 SoundBloc 30 (2 x 15) 167 55 1½ 60 A046008

4 SoundBloc / Plank 12.5 + 19 170 58 1½ 60 A046024

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 3
The fire resistance and sound insulation performances are for walls incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled according
to British Gypsum’s recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used throughout, and the
Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailed-fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to board fixing on site, Table 12.
Detail 5 provides the 1 hour fire resistance between compartments as required by Building Regulations, subject to the suitability of the
surrounding structure. The combination of ceiling and truss cladding is essential to meet the acoustic requirements of Building Regulations (see
construction detail F). Where single layer Gyproc Duraline linings are used however, joints must be backed with timber. Alternatively, a min.
100mm wide strip of Duraline can be used. The actual fire and sound figures quoted are based on 100 x 35mm trusses at 600mm centres.
The terminology for Separating and Compartment walls and floors follows the conventions established in the Approved Documents to the
England and Wales Building Regulations. Part B refers to fire resisting constructions as "Compartment" walls, and Part E to sound resisting
constructions as "Separating" walls. Please note, however, that not all walls designated as "Compartment" under Part B will be required to
perform as "Separating" walls under Part E, although this is generally the case. If in doubt refer to the relevant Approved Document.
¶ Site sound test data is available on request. Contact British Gypsum Technical Service Department on 0990 456123.

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 Timber Frame Construction

Table 4 Timber frame external walls

1 2 3

283mm 265mm 215mm

Cladding of 100mm aggregate block § with Cladding of 103mm facing brick ø Cladding ‡ comprising vertical tile hanging
20mm render tied with stainless steel wall ties tied with stainless steel wall ties across on treated 25mm battens fixed through
across a nominal 50mm clear cavity through a nominal 50mm clear cavity through breather membrane and sheathing board
breather membrane and sheathing board breather membrane and sheathing board to minimum 89 x 38mm timber studs
to minimum 89 x 38mm timber studs to minimum 89 x 38mm timber studs at max 600mm centres. 90mm Isowool 1005
at max 600mm centres. at max 600mm centres. in stud cavity with internal linings as below.
90mm Isowool 1005 in stud cavity with 90mm Isowool 1005 in stud cavity with 100% load ratio.
internal linings as below. 100% load ratio. internal linings as below. 100% load ratio.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail Board Type Fire U value Estimated laboratory Performance
resistance sound insulation substantiation
hours ¶ W/m2K 100 — 3150Hz, Rw dB report
...............................................................................................................................................................................
1 One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex ½ 0.39 50 – 55 A066001

2 One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex ½ 0.41 50 – 55 A066002

3 One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex ½ 0.44 40 – 45 A066003

........................................................................................
1 Inner layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard and 1 0.38 50 – 55 A066007
outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex

2 Inner layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard and 1 0.40 50 – 55 A066008

outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex

3 Inner layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard and 1 0.43 40 – 45 A066009

outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 4
The fire resistances quoted are for loadbearing walls tested with fire exposure to the internal face. Performances are for walls incorporating
tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled according to British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved
only if British Gypsum components are used throughout, and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in
the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailed-fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to board fixing on site, Table 12.
Where higher standards of thermal insulation are required the use of 140mm studs with an equivalent thickness of Isowool 1005 will produce
lower U values. Contact British Gypsum Technical Service Department on 0990 456123 for guidance.
U values are calculated by the proportional area method. The proportion of timber to mineral wool used in the calculations is 15% timber to
85% mineral wool. This allows for framing, lintels, cripple studs, etc., and is the figure used by T.R.A.D.A. for over 10 years. The Thermal
Conductivity ( l )value used of 0.12W/mK for timber is based on that applicable to the Spruce / Pine / Fir groups from N. America and Europe
used in timber frame structures.
If standard wallboard is used in place of Duplex, a min. 500 gauge polyethylene film vapour control layer will be required directly behind the
plasterboard, fixed to the face of the timber frame.
¶ The fire resistance performances quoted are independent of any contribution from the external construction.
§ Conductivity ( λ ) of block taken as 0.51 W/mK (1400 kg/m 3)
ø Conductivity ( λ ) of brick taken as 0.84 W/mK
‡ Other lightweight claddings, such as timber sidings, cementitious render or lath, etc., can be used and will offer the same performance.

11
 Timber Frame Construction

Table 5 Timber joist floors with Gyproc ceiling linings

1 2 3 4

Standard timber floor Minimum 30mm Gyproc Alpha Floor Gyproc Gyplyner Ceiling Gyproc Resilient Bars at
with no insulation Screed on 1000 gauge polythene sheet framework to joists. 450mm centres to underside
(taped at joints) laid on Expamet wire of joists.
reinforced mesh with Gyproc Edge Strips
to perimeter on any suitable floor deck.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail Board type Flooring Joist Joist Fire Estimated laboratory Performance
board centres width resistance sound insulation § substantiation
type (min.) 100 — 3150Hz report
Airborne Impact
mm mm hours Rw dB Lnw dB
...............................................................................................................................................................................
1 One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard aø 600 38 ½ (modified) ø 38 79 C016001

2 One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard a 600 38 ½ (modified) ø 42 71 V106007

........................................................................................
1 One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard c 450 ¶ 38 ½ 37 82 C014003

1 One layer of 15mm Gyproc Wallboard a 600 ¶ 38 ½ 38 79 C016005

........................................................................................
1 Two layers of 15mm Gyproc Wallboard c 600 ¶ 47 1 40 76 C016006

1 Inner layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline a 600 38 1 40 76 C016008

and outer layer of 15mm Gyproc Fireline

1 Two layers of 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline b 600 38 1 40 76 C016009

2 Inner layer of Gyproc Plank and a 600 38 1 45 69 V106008

outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

4 Inner layer of Gyproc Plank and a 600 38 1 50 68 C206003

outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

3 Inner layer of Gyproc Plank and a 600 38 1 52 66 C206004

outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

........................................................................................
1 Two layers of 15mm Gyproc Fireline b 450 ¶ 47 1½ 40 78 C014011
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 5
The fire resistance and sound insulation performances are for ceilings incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled
according to British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used
throughout, and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with
British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nail–fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to Board fixing on site, Table 12.
Where joist width is less than that stated, nominal 50 x 25mm timber battens should be screw–fixed to the side of those joists where the ceiling
boards butt in order to maintain an adequate bearing surface.
Floor types
a Any structurally suitable wood board flooring.
b Wood board t & g flooring, not less than 15mm (finished) thickness.
c Wood board t & g flooring, not less than 21mm (finished) thickness.
¶ No noggings.
§ The acoustic ratings quoted above are based on 200mm deep joists and a walking surface of min. 9.6kg/m3.
ø 15 : 15 : 30 in accordance with Approved Document. If floor type c is used the fire resistance increases to a full ½ hour.

12
 Timber Frame Construction

Table 6 Compartment / separating floors

1 2 3

Platform floor. Platform floor. Gyproc Gyplyner Gyproc SI Floor with Gyproc Plank
100mm Isowool 1000 or Gyproc MF Suspended Ceiling ¶ hung on SIF Channels.
between the joists. underneath timber joists to give a 277mm cavity, 100mm Isowool 1000 in cavity.
with 80mm Isowool 1000 between joists. Gyproc Resilient Bars at 450mm centres.
4 5 6

Gyproc SI Floor with Gyproc Plank on Separating sub–joist floor comprising Minimum 30mm Alpha Gyproc Floor Screed on
SIF Channels. 100mm Isowool 1000 in cavity. platform floor. 1000 gauge polythene sheet (taped at joints)
Gyproc Gyplyner Ceiling framework to joists. 100mm Isowool 1000 in cavity laid on Expamet wire reinforced mesh with
Gyproc Edge Strips to perimeter on any
suitable floor deck. 100mm Isowool 1000 in cavity
Gyproc Gyplyner Ceiling framework to joists.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail Board type Flooring Joist Joist Fire Laboratory sound insulation Performance
board centres width resistance 100 — 3150Hz substantiation
type (min.) Airborne Impact report
mm mm hours Rw dB Lnw dB
...............................................................................................................................................................................
6 One layer of 15mm Gyproc Fireline ‡ a 600 47 1 60 56 V106005

3 Two layers of 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc b 450 44 1 61 56 C204006

1 Gyproc Plank with outer layer of c 600 44 1 62 56 C016038 §

12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc

3 One layer of Gyproc Plank and b 450 44 1 63 55 C204001 §

one layer of 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc

4 One layer of Gyproc Plank and b 450 44 1 63 55 C154008

one layer of 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc

2 Two layers of 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc c 600 44 1 66 50 C106011

5 Two layers of 15mm Gyproc SoundBloc c 600 47 1 66 ø 48 C106050

........................................................................................
3 Two layers of 15mm Gyproc Fireline b 450 44 1½ 60 57 C204002
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 6
The fire resistance and sound insulation performances are for ceilings incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled
according to British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used throughout,
and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailed-fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to board fixing on site, Table 12.
Where joist width is less than that stated, nominal 50 x 25mm timber battens should be screw–fixed to the side of those joists where the ceiling
boards butt in order to maintain an adequate bearing surface.
The terminology for Separating and Compartment walls and floors follows the conventions established in the Approved Documents to the
England and Wales Building Regulations. Part B refers to fire resisting constructions as "Compartment" walls, and Part E to sound resisting
construction as "Separating" walls. Please note, however, that not all walls designated as "Compartment" under Part B will be required to
perform as "Separating" walls under Part E, although this is generally the case. If in doubt refer to the relevant Approved Document.
Floor types a Any structurally suitable wood board flooring.
b Softwood floor boarding, not less than 21mm (finished) thickness.
c Walking surface of 18mm t & g wood board flooring, spot–bonded with Gyproc Sealant at 300mm centres to a substrate of
Gyproc Plank laid on 25mm Isowool 6405 (64kg/m3) laid on minimum 12mm wood based sheet sub-deck nailed to the joists.
§ Site sound insulation figures are available on request.
ø Under–estimate of airborne sound insulation performance due to laboratory constraints.
¶ Normal fixing centres for MF5s and MF7s (450 and 1200mm respectively).
‡ The example shown , using a combination of Gyproc Alpha Floor Screed and timber floor construction, has been the subject of acoustic
testing and fire resistance assessment. Before specifying this construction, advice should be sought from a suitably qualified timber or structural
engineer to determine the appropriate size, span, and spacing of joists able to withstand all imposed loads, including that of the floor screed.
At 30mm thickness, Gyproc Alpha Floor Screed has a mass of up to 63kg/m2. The 30N/mm2 grade of Gyproc Alpha Floor Screed has a flexural
strength of at least 6N/mm2.

13
 Timber Frame Construction

Table 7 Ceilings below roof spaces

1 2 3 4

Timber joists or bottom chord of trusses with suitable timber noggings between joists to Gyproc Gyplyner or MF Suspended
support board edges. Insulation laid between joists. Ceiling hung from joists.
Insulation laid over grid.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail Board type Joist / truss Min. joist / truss Insulation Insulation Fire Performance
centres width § type thickness resistance substantiation
mm mm mm hours report
...............................................................................................................................................................................
1 One layer 12.5mm Glasroc Multi–Board 600 38 Isowool 1000 150 ½ G106041

2 Two layers 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard 600 50 Isowool 1000 150 ½ C106049

1 One layer 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline 600 38 Isowool 1000 150 ½ C106047

4 Two layers 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard 600 35 Isowool 1000 150 ½ C106045
........................................................................................
2 Two layers 10mm Glasroc Multi–Board 600 35 Isowool 1000 150 1 G106042

3 Two layers 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline 600 38 Rock mineral 150 1 C106048
wool (24kg/m3)

4 Two layers 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline 600 35 Rock mineral 30 1 C106046

wool (45kg/m3)
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 7
The fire resistance performances are for imperforate ceilings incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled according to
British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used throughout, and the
Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nail–fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to Board fixing on site, Table 12.
§ Where timber bearing width is 35mm or less than the minimum stated, nominal 50 x 25mm timber battens should be fixed to the side of
timber supports where the ceiling boards butt in order to maintain an adequate bearing surface (refer to Board fixing on site, Fig 1).

Table 8 Cavity barriers

Detail Construction Fire resistance Performance

Integrity : Insulation substantiation
minutes report
...............................................................................................................................................................................
10mm Glasroc Multi–Board fixed to one side of a timber stud framework 30 15 G110002
or trusses at maximum 600mm centres using Gyproc Nails or Screws
at 230mm centres. Fire–stopping to the perimeter as necessary.

As above but with 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline 30 15 E106002

Isowool Sleeved Cavity Fire Barrier sealing the cavity between the outer brick wall 30 30 ¶ E106004
and the internal timber frame leaf.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 8
The fire resistances are for barriers with all joints taped and filled according to British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances
are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used throughout, and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any
variations in the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
¶ Joints between sleeved cavity barriers must be compressed in accordance with Isowool recommendations in order to achieve 30 minutes
insulation.

14

Specification clauses
For details of Specification Clauses contact British Gypsum
Technical Service Department on 0990 456123.
Design
When designing timber frame buildings, the designer should
take account of relevant British Standards, Documents, and
associated literature. General guidance can be obtained by
contacting the Timber and Brick Information Council on
01923 778136. For further guidance on British Gypsum
products and systems, refer to The White Book, or contact
British Gypsum Technical Service Department on 0990 456123.
General considerations
• Ensure that fixing recommendations are followed for the
specific board to be installed – refer to current British
Gypsum literature.
• Consider using Gyproc Drywall Screws to eliminate the risk
of nail popping.
• Consider using Gyproc Duplex grade board where there is a
need for vapour control.
• Site conditions must be suitable for the installation of
plasterboard, e.g. building sealed against the elements, wet
trades finished (floor screeds etc.).
• Timber must be aligned and levelled, and should satisfy the
requirements of BS 5268: Part 2: 1991.
• When textured coatings are specified the manufacturer's
recommendations must be followed.
• Ensure that the floor construction is suitable to support any
imposed loads, such as the inclusion of thermal insulation in
the cavity.
• If ceiling heating is specified for use with plasterboard, the
manufacturer's recommendations must be followed.
• Ensure that cavity barriers are installed where required in
order to satisfy national Building Regulations, particularly in
perimeter walls in roof spaces and at roof / separating wall
junctions.
Racking resistance
Plasterboard products contribute to the racking resistance of
timber frames in accordance with BS 5268: Section 6.1: 1988
Strength and robustness
The dimensions and assembly of timber supports should be
sufficient to allow positive fixing of boards without bounce
or undue deflection because of nailing, screwing, or other
applied force. When the above fixing conditions cannot be
met, a timber batten should be securely fixed to the side of
the timber support to increase the bearing surface.
Where boards are fixed at maximum centres in adverse
conditions, the standard of lining can be affected. Adverse
conditions can generally be described as conditions where
high humidity occurs, principally in the cold, damp autumn /
winter period. They also refer to buildings under construction
during this period where both the structure and wet
Timber Frame Construction
applications such as plastering and screeding are subject to
slow drying conditions.
In small flat–roof areas, where a polythene vapour control
layer is included in the ceiling construction, condensation can
form on the polythene surface. This can result in plasterboard
becoming unduly damp, and affecting the standard of
acceptability of the lining, and any applied plaster or
textured coating.
Sound insulation
In designing for sound insulation it is important to set targets
which are correct in terms of the uses of spaces separated by
partitions and walls. The table below can be used for guidance.
Table 9 Degree of acoustic privacy
Rw Speech level
.....................................................................................
25 dB Normal speech can be easily overheard
30 dB Loud speech can be heard clearly
35 dB Loud speech can be distinguished under normal
conditions
40 dB Loud speech can be heard but not distinguished
45 dB Loud speech can be heard faintly but not distinguished
> 50 dB Loud speech or shouting can only be heard with great
difficulty
.....................................................................................
Service penetrations
Suitable detailing will be required at service penetrations if
specified levels of fire resistance and sound insulation are to
be achieved. Refer to construction details F and M, which
have been shown by tests to maintain integrity.
Room in a roof
Where Gyproc plasterboard is used to line a room in a roof
for the purposes of fire resistance, a surface sloping more
than 70º from vertical is treated as a ceiling, and less than 70º
from vertical as a wall lining.
Timber noggings
Perimeter support, using either min. 38 x 38mm timber
noggings or plasterboard clips, may be required between
ceiling joists to support board edges. The provision of
noggings depends on the thickness of boards used, and the
spacing of timber joists. Timber noggings / clips should always
be provided at the room perimeter with the exception that
they are not required when using 15mm Gyproc Wallboard.
Nail popping
Loosening of nails in timber can occur through timber
shrinkage, or as a result of fixing boards to misaligned or
twisted framing. To reduce the risk, boards should be fixed
tight to framing members. Where the risk of nail popping is
unacceptable, consideration should be given to fixing using
Gyproc Drywall Screws. For further advice contact British
Gypsum Technical Service department on 0990 456123.
15
 Timber Frame Construction

Partition junctions should be specified as the lining. For small areas such as
Where partition junctions occur, additional studs can be splashbacks, however, standard wallboard can be used,
specified within the factory–produced wall panels, and can be provided that the surface is protected by applying two coats
incorporated either during manufacture or on–site. of Gyproc Drywall Sealer prior to tiling.
Alternatively, a suitable ladder frame can be installed
between vertical studs during site construction, with Finishing
horizontal members at 600mm centres (see Construction Plasterboards (excluding Moisture Resistant Board)
detail W for typical example). Tapered edge boards are used for the vast majority of dry
lining work. For jointing, Gyproc Joint Tape is used to
Services reinforce board joints to minimise any risk of cracking.
Electrical and other small service runs can be routed within Gyproc Fibatape provides an alternative method but is not a
the timber stud / floor cavity. direct substitute in its resistance to cracking. Tape is bedded,
(or in the case of Fibatape , which is self–adhesive, stuck over
The installation of electrical services should be carried out to the joint), and the joint filled, using Gyproc Joint Filler or
BS 7671, following the recommendations of the Institution of Gyproc Easi–Fill. Gyproc Joint Cement is used as the finishing
Electrical Engineers. Concealed cables may need earthed compound. If Gyproc Easi–Fill is used, it can be also be used
metallic covering, or be enclosed in earthed conduit, for finishing. Once the joint treatment is set and dry, the
trunking, or ducting to satisfy BS 7671. Cables located within entire plasterboard surface is treated with one coat of Gyproc
thermal insulation may need to be up–rated to counter the Drywall Primer. This primes the board ready for direct
effect of overheating (IEE Regulations refer). decoration, and allows wall coverings to be wet–stripped in the
future. Where vapour control is specified, two coats of Gyproc
Fixtures Drywall Sealer are applied to prime and seal the board surface.
The selection of the most appropriate fixing depends on the Drywall Sealer, however, should not be used in conjunction
weight of fixtures to be installed, the particular Gyproc with vinyl or other low permeability wall coverings.
system used, and whether the fixing has to bridge a cavity.
Table 10 gives general guidance. A gypsum plaster finish can be specified as an alternative to
jointing and primer application. Thistle Multi–Finish or Thistle
Table 10 Fixtures to plasterboard Board Finish plaster can be applied to the decorative face of
the board to a nominal 2mm thickness after joint treatment.
Fixture Example Solution
.....................................................................................
Gyproc Moisture Resistant Board
Heavy Lavatory cisterns; Framing to be incorporated in
wash hand basins; partitions. In lining systems
Gyproc Moisture Resistant Board can be used as a ceramic tile
storage heating the fixing to be made back to the backer board, and is available with tapered or square edges.
units; structure using a proprietary This product can only be plastered provided the surface is
central heating fixing. The cavity may need to be
boilers. blocked.
pre–treated with a proprietary PVAC bonding agent applied
..................................................................................... in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Gyproc
Medium to Wall cupboards; Mushroom plugs, proprietary Easi–Fill is recommended for jointing.
heavyweight radiators. anchors, cavity fixings.
.....................................................................................
Medium Floor cupboards; Proprietary anchors, cavity Glasroc Multi–Board
light fittings. fixings. Glasroc Multi–Board is jointed using Glasroc Filler as a taped
.....................................................................................
Lightweight Pictures. Steel pin and hook.
or tapeless joining method, or Gyproc Joint Cement where
..................................................................................... the joint is to be reinforced with Gyproc Joint Tape.
Note :
Detailed recommendations and guidance on suitable proprietary Textured finishes
fixings are given in the British Gypsum White Book, or Technical
Information leaflet – 'Fixtures to plasterboard', and in the Timber and
If a textured finish is to be applied, nail heads should be
Brick Information Council publications 'Living in a Timber and Brick spotted using Gyproc jointing material. Gyproc Drywall
Home', and the Timber and Brick Homes Handbook. Primer should be applied as soon as possible after board
fixing. Joint treatment and texturing should be carried out in
Ceramic tiling accordance with the texture manufacturer's instructions.
Ceramic tiles up to 12.5mm thick with a maximum weight of
32kg/m2 can be applied using thin–bed adhesives (usually Ornate / decorative features
3mm thick). Stud support centres should be closed down to Other decorative products from British Gypsum and
400mm, or alternatively, timber noggings (50 x 38mm) should Artex-Blue Hawk include Gyproc Cove and Cornice profiles,
be installed horizontally between studs at 600mm centres Gyproc Styletrims, Artex Ceiling Roses and Artex Dado Panels.
within the area to be tiled. Gyproc Moisture Resistant Board

16

Construction – key drawings
The construction details that follow are generic and represent
good practice. Individual practitioners will have their own
preferred details, but these should follow the principles set
out herein.
Particular attention is drawn to the junctions between
external walls and separating / compartment floors, where
the principles of separation to avoid flanking sound
transmission must be followed if the quoted acoustic
Key Drawings - Housing
Cross section
Plan
Key Drawings - Flats / Commercial buildings
Cross section
Timber Frame Construction
performance of individual elements is to be achieved.
The terminology for Separating and Compartment walls and
floors follows the conventions established in the Approved
Documents to the England and Wales Building Regulations.
Part B refers to fire resisting constructions as "Compartment"
walls, and Part E to sound resisting construction as
"Separating" walls. Please note, however, that not all walls
designated as "Compartment" under Part B will be required
to perform as "Separating" walls under Part E, although this
is generally the case. If in doubt refer to the relevant
Approved Document.
Longitudinal
section
Longitudinal
section
17
 Timber Frame Construction

Construction – individual details

A C

B D

18
 Timber Frame Construction

Construction – individual details

E F

G H

19
 Timber Frame Construction

Construction – individual details

J L

K M

20
 Timber Frame Construction

Construction – individual details

N Q

P R

21
 Timber Frame Construction

Construction – individual details

S U

T V

22
 Timber Frame Construction

Construction – individual details

W Y

X Z

23
Timber Frame Construction
 Timber Frame Construction

List of details by reference letter

Detail Reference Title

A Typical Eaves detail

B External wall/ground floor

C Non loadbearing partition/upper floor ceiling

D Non loadbearing partition/ground floor

E External wall to verge

F Compartment (Separating) wall to underside of tiled roof

G External wall/timber joist floor

H Compartment (Separating) wall junction with timber joist floor. (Small electrical outlet box detail

also shown)

J External wall/Compartment (Separating) floor with typical window head

K External wall with typical window cill

L Compartment (Separating) floor junction with Compartment (Separating) wall

M Compartment (Separating) wall with larger electrical outlet box

N Non-loadbearing partition on Compartment (Separating) floor

P Compartment (Separating) floor junction with loadbearing partition under

Q Compartment (Separating) floor with loadbearing partition under and non loadbearing partition over

R Compartment (Separating) floor junction with loadbearing partition top and bottom

S Non loadbearing partition on timber joist floor

T Loadbearing partition/ground floor

U Loadbearing or non-loadbearing partition under timber joist floor

V Compartment (Separating) wall/ground floor

W Compartment (Separating) wall junction with internal partition on plan

X External wall with internal partition junction and typical door jamb on plan

Y Compartment (Separating) wall junction with external wall showing typical window jamb on plan

Z External wall at corner showing typical window jamb on plan.

Note
These details relate to buildings constructed in England &
Wales. Some minor modifications will be required to comply
with the Scottish and Northern Ireland Building Regulations.

24
Timber Frame Construction
 Timber Frame Construction

Annotation notes to Construction details

1. Brickwork. 22. 40m x 3m metal straps at minimum 1200mm centres

located just above or below floor level.
2. External wall cavity.
23. Damp proof course.
3. Stainless steel wall ties.
24. Damp proof membrane.
4. Breather membrane.
25. Differential movement gap. Minimum gaps to be as in
5. Wood based sheathing board.
the table below.
6. Structural timber frame.
Differential movement gap table
7. Vapour control layer (minimum 500 gauge or
Gyproc Wallboard Duplex). Suspended timber ground floor Other ground floor
when panels are supported construction
8. Gyproc Wallboard 12.5mm thick. on ground floor joists
or perimeter joists
9. Gyproc Plank (19mm thick). ......................................................................................................
Allowances for :

10. Gyproc SoundBloc 12.5mm thick.

ground floor openings 5mm 3mm

11. 3
Mineral wool insulation minimum 10kg/m (Isowool first floor openings 12mm 9mm
second floor openings 18mm 15mm
Timber Frame Batts - 1005).

12. 25mm glass wool 60 - 100 kg/m3 (Isowool Sound Eaves and verges Add 3mm to the allowance for openings
Deadening Floor Slabs 25mm thick - 6405). on the uppermost floor
......................................................................................................
13. 100mm mineral wool minimum 10kg/m3 (Isowool
General Purpose Roll - 1000). 26. Roof space ventilation.

14. Isowool Sleeved Cavity Fire Barrier 27. Maximum 65mm long annular ring shank nails or screws.

15. Fire stop. (50mm thick wire reinforced rock mineral 28. Additional layer of Gyproc Wallboard 12.5mm thick
wool). required in buildings of 1hr fire resistance (for example
flats 3 storeys and over).
16. Wood based sheet walking surface (minimum 18mm
thick). 29. Window frame (typical).

17. Walking surface spot bonded to Gyproc Plank with 30. Door frame (typical).
Gyproc Sealant at 300mm centres.
31. Small electrical outlet box viz. switch or 13amp socket.
18. Wood based sheet sub-deck (minimum 12mm thick).
32. Larger electrical outlet box for example, cooker point.
19. Isowool General Purpose Roll (1000) 50mm thick in one
33. Minimum 38mm thick s.w. nogging.
leaf of separating wall.
34. Electricity cable tight fit through hole in nogging.
Alternatively, 25mm of mineral wool (paper faced on
one side) may be suspended in the cavity for the full 35. Proprietary mild steel lintel to support outer leaf of
storey height. brickwork.

20. Resilient upstand (strips of EPS or Extruded Polystyrene). 36. Weephole in perpend joint, min. two per opening and at
900mm max. centres.
21. Gap: A 3mm gap must be retained between the wall
lining, skirting and walking surface to maintain the 37. Flexible and compressible mastic sealant.
correct isolation so as to prevent flanking transmission
38. Semi rigid slab insulation.
of impact sound. This may, if desired, be ‘pugged’ with
loose mineral wool or sealed with polysulphide mastic. 39. Trussed rafter.

40. Gable ladder.

25
 Timber Frame Construction

Board fixing on site Run of ceiling – Lath and Baseboard

Boards are installed as for Wallboards, except that the
rounded edge of Gyproc Lath and the square edge of Gyproc
The following gives an appreciation of installation
Baseboard only require to be supported by noggings at the
procedures. For full fixing details contact British Gypsum
perimeter.
Technical Service Department on 0990 456123.

Services
Timber frame external walls
Electrical and other services are installed within the stud or
Factory–produced timber wall panels of the required
floor cavity prior to fitting insulation. Timber noggings are
dimension are installed to form the structural building frame.
installed to support recessed switch boxes / socket outlets.
Studs are uniformly spaced at max. 600mm intervals, with
Additional linings may be required to maintain fire resistance
additional framing installed as required to support heavy
and acoustic performance.
fixtures or adjoining partitions. Isowool Timber Frame Batts
1005 are fitted into the stud cavity. Alternatively, if an
Isowool roll is used, it should be suspended between studs.
Table 11 Provision of timber noggings in floors
Gyproc Wallboard Duplex is nail–fixed to all framing
members at 150mm centres, or screw–fixed at 300mm centres,
Board thickness ¶ Max. joist centres
to form the lining. Where door or window openings occur, with noggings without noggings
lintels and additional vertical studs are normally incorporated mm mm mm
.....................................................................................
within wall units during factory construction.
9.5 450 400

Timber stud partitions and walls 12.5 600 450

Timber of the required dimensions is installed to the 15 — 600

perimeter, abutments, and to frame any openings. Additional 19 — 750

.....................................................................................
framing is installed as required to support heavy fixtures.
¶ Noggings are recommended for Fireline board and Duplex grade
Isowool insulation is suspended in the cavity where required.
boards, regardless of joist spacing, to ensure that fire and/or vapour
Where Gyproc Resilient Bars are specified, these are fixed control integrity is maintained. When fixing Gyproc Lath or
across studs, at 600mm centres, with one fixing per stud Baseboard, noggings are not required in the field of the boards.
position. Gyproc plasterboard is nail–fixed to all framing
members at 150mm centres, or screw–fixed at 300mm centres,
to form the lining. Additional boarding is nail or screw–fixed
as specified. At door openings, full–height studs are located
both sides of the opening together with a timber head piece.
Door facings are then fixed to the timber ground. Fig 1 Fixing boards to trussed rafters

Timber joist ceilings and compartment floors

35mm 25mm
Run of ceiling – Wallboard linings
Boards should be fixed to form the ceiling with the long
edges at right angles to the joists. Cut ends must be located
over a joist or timber nogging support. Unless 15mm Gyproc
Wallboard is used, timber noggings should be provided
between joists at the perimeter to support board edges in the
field of the boards (see Table 11). Boards are fixed using
Gyproc Nails inserted at 150mm centres, or Gyproc Drywall
Screws inserted at 230mm centres. For double layer ceilings,
noggings are set out to suit the second layer to provide fixing
and support for board edges. All joints are staggered in
relation to the first layer.

In trussed rafter situations, it is possible that the bottom

chord of the truss can be as little as 35mm thick. Where board
ends butt and fire resistance is a requirement, it is important
that additional timber is planted on the side of the truss to
give an adequate bearing surface, (see Fig 1).

26
 Timber Frame Construction

Nail / screw–fixing
Table 12 gives the recommended length of fixings. Where
there is a risk of nail popping the use of Gyproc Drywall
Screws should be considered. Fixing tolerances are given in
Fig 2.

Table 12 Fixing plasterboard to timber supports

Plasterboard Gyproc Drywall Screws Gyproc Nails to fix

thickness to fix plasterboard for plasterboard for direct
direct decoration decoration or plastering
to timber
mm mm mm
.....................................................................................
9.5 32 30
12.5 36 40
15 36 40
19 42 50
12.5 over 12.5 50 50
15 over 15 60 65
12.5 over 19 60 65
15 over 19 60 65
.....................................................................................
Note:
Nail fixing to timber supports.
Drive the nails into the timber straight – not skewed and not closer
than 6mm from the timber edge (see Fig 2). If the timber support has
insufficient bearing surface, fix a further timber support to it, or, in
the case of joists and trusses, consider using suitable
5.65m high structural elements
counter–battens. Drive the nails firmly home without fracturing the
paper surface, but leaving a shallow depression to facilitate spotting.

Fig 2 Fixing tolerances

6mm
min

Boards should be lightly butted with a max. separation of 3mm.

Where a cut edge occurs dimension A is 13mm min; where a bound
edge occurs dimension A is 10mm min. Built-up elements

27
 Timber Frame Construction

Prefabrication

Structural elements

Internal structure Typical Dormer window

28
 Timber Frame Construction

Acknowledgements

British Gypsum would like to thank

the Timber and Brick Information
Council, together with Laing Homes,
for their assistance and support
in preparation of this brochure.

The Timber and Brick Information Council is the recognised

trade association representing manufacturers and designers of
timber frame buildings in England and Wales.

Technical support

For technical guidance or specification For technical information and guidance on structural
support on British Gypsum products, elements, construction details, cladding options, and the
contact : Timber and Brick Q–mark, contact :

British Gypsum Limited The Timber and Brick Information Council

Technical Service Department Gable House
East Leake 40 High Street
Loughborough Rickmansworth
Leics. Herts.
LE12 6JT WD3 1ES

Tel : 0990 456123 Tel : 01923 778136

Fax : 0990 456356 Fax : 01923 720724
email hsd_timber@msn.com

29
 British Gypsum
..................................................................................................................................................................................

UK market leader in gypsum plaster and plasterboard

systems, British Gypsum markets its products under the
Gyproc, Glasroc, Carlite, Thistle and Isowool brand names.
Isowool is a registered trade name of British Gypsum–Isover Ltd.

British Gypsum operates quality assurance procedures to

BS EN ISO 9002 and maintains the quality and leading edge
performance of its products and systems through an
extensive and on-going programme of research,
development and testing, supported by in-house fire,
acoustic and system test facilities which are unique amongst
building product manufacturers and match the best available
anywhere in the UK.

British Gypsum quality does not stop at the products

themselves. CAD and technical support for specifiers;
comprehensive on-site support and off-site training through
three dedicated product training centres at East Leake near
Nottingham, Kirkby Thore in Cumbria, and Erith in Kent, and
ex-stock or next day availability through more than 4000
builder's merchants nationwide are just a part of a customer
support package that has, for many years, set British Gypsum
apart in the market place.

British Gypsum further benefits from being a member of

Europe's leading gypsum company, BPB plc, which has
interests in a wide range of associated building products and
provides an extensive pool of knowledge and experience to
the benefit of all its member companies.

Written enquiries Technical service Price £15

..................................................................................................................................................................................

Written enquiries should be British Gypsum technical staff are available for discussion and to
addressed to:- render technical advice when the Company's products are being
specified or used. These services are available nationally
British Gypsum Limited through the numbers listed below.
Technical Service Dept.
East Leake Telephone 0990 456123
Loughborough
Leicestershire LE12 6JT Fax 0990 456356 © British Gypsum March 1998 TFC–V1
..................................................................................................................................................................................

A BPB group company

Q.5978