Jonathan Khan May 22, 2011

Ms. Crowley Bottle Set One Lab

Procedure:
1. One of the solutions in the lab, is not a clear solution, it is a milky white, cloudy color. This indicates

that the substance present is a suspension; the only substance in the lab that will produce a suspension is

Silver Sulfate (Ag2SO4 (s)) because it is an insoluble salt. In the lab, this is solution number 1

2. One solution is pink in color, immediately; this can be identified as the Cobalt II Chloride (CoCl2 (aq))

solution. Of all of the solutions present, this is the only which contains a transition metal, therefore it is

the only one that possesses a color. In the lab, this is solution number 2.

3. Solution number three is clear in color, however when tested with universal indicator paper, the test is

positive for a basic solution. The solution also possessed the odor of ammonia. This indicates that

solution number 3 is ammonia (NH3 (aq)).

4. To identify the rest of the unknown solutions, a litmus test was used to identify acidic, basic, and neutral

solutions.

a. The unknown solution that tested positive for acid was solution number 10. This meant that

solution number 10 was sulfuric acid (H2SO4 (aq)).

b. Unknown solutions that tested (indicator paper) positive for base were solutions 5,7, and 11

c. The unknown solutions which tested neutral were 4, 6, 8, 9, 12.

5. To further identify the basic solutions that were present, small amounts of the known solutions were

added.
 a. To solution numbers 5, 7, and 11 a small amount of solution number 10 (H2SO4 (aq)) was added.

i. The addition of acid (H+) to solution number 7 yielded bubbles. This meant that solution

number 7 was the Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3 (aq)), because adding an acid to a carbonate

containing compound will produce carbon dioxide gas (CO2 (g)).

ii. The addition of acid (H+) to solution number 11 yielded a distinct odor of rotten eggs.

This meant that solution number 11 was the Sodium sulfide (Na2S (aq)), because adding an

acid to a sulfide will produce hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S(g)) which smells like rotten eggs.

iii. These tests left a remainder of solution 5, and a choice of a sodium hydroxide solution

(NaOH(aq)). Therefore, solution number 5 was the sodium hydroxide solution.

6. To identify the neutral solutions, a flame test was used to identify the metal present in (ionic form) the

solution.

a. Solution 9 was flame tested first, and resulted in a blue colored flame. This meant that solution 9

contained a lead ion. In the lab, the only lead containing compound was Pb(NO3)2 (aq). Therefore

solution 9 was Pb(NO3)2 (aq).

b. Solution 12 was then flam e tested, and produced a bluish green color flame indicating the

presence of zinc. The only zinc containing compound in the lab is Zn(NO3)2 (aq). Therefore

solution 12 was Zn(NO3)2 (aq).

7. This left solutions 4, 6, and 8 to be identified

a. Solution 9 (Pb(NO3)2 (aq)) was added to small amounts of each of the solutions listed above. A

precipitate was expected to be formed with whichever solution contained barium chloride (BaCl2

(aq)) and whichever solution contained cadmium chloride (CdCl2 (aq)). When solution containing
 the lead (Pbx+) ion is combined with a solution containing the chloride ion (Cl-), insoluble lead

chloride is formed, in this case PbCl2(s) is formed. This test will eliminate 2 compounds leaving

one solution of known identity. In this case the solution left behind is number 6, pure water.

8. The unknown solutions left which were solutions 4 and 8 were then flame tested. One of them contained

barium chloride (BaCl2 (aq)), and the other contained cadmium chloride (CdCl2 (aq)).

a. When solution 4 was flame tested, the resulting flame had a greenish color, which indicated the

presence of barium in the solution. This indicated that solution 4 contained the barium chloride

(BaCl2 (aq)).

b. With solution 4 known, it meant that the remaining solution was cadmium chloride (CdCl2 (aq)).

Therefore, solution 8 contained cadmium chloride (CdCl2 (aq)).