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Introduction to Optimization
1
Books
Recommended Books:
1. Kalyanmoy Deb, optimization for engineering design,
algorithms and examples, Prentice Hall (2005).
2. M. Asghar Bhatti Practical Optimization Methods With
Mathematics Applications, Springer-Verlag N.Y, Inc., 2000.
"Operational
"Operational research
research isis the
the application
application ofof the
the methods
methods of of science
science
to
to complex
complex problems
problems arising
arising inin the
the direction
direction and
and management
management of of
large
large systems
systems of of men,
men, machines,
machines, materials
materials andand money
money inin
industry,
industry, business,
business, government,
government, and and defense.
defense. The The distinctive
distinctive
approach
approach isis toto develop
develop aa scientific
scientific model
model of of the
the system,
system,
incorporating
incorporating measurements
measurements of of factors
factors such
such asas chance
chance and
and risk,
risk,
with
with which
which to
to predict
predict and
and compare
compare thethe outcomes
outcomes of of alternative
alternative
decisions,
decisions, strategies
strategies or or controls.
controls. The The purpose
purpose isis toto help
help
management
managementdetermine
determineits itspolicy
policyand
andactions
actionsscientifically."
scientifically."
A = xy (Objective Equation)
2y = 300 – 2 ; y = 150 – x
Now we substitute 150 – x for y in the objective equation so
that the objective equation will have only one independent
variable.
nasir m mirza Slide 16
Maximizing Area -CONTINUED
5000
4000
Area (A)
3000
2000
1000
0
0 50 100 150
x
SOLUTION
Below is a picture of the garden. The red side represents the side that is fenced.
y
x x
y
Now we will determine the constraint equation. The only piece of information
we have not yet used in some way is that the area is 75 square feet. Using this,
we create a constraint equation as follows.
75 = xy (Constraint Equation)
Now we rewrite the constraint equation, isolating one of the variables therein.
75 = xy
75/y = x
Now we rewrite the objective equation using the substitution we just acquired
from the constraint equation.
The objective equation is: C = 20x + 15y
1200
1000
Now we use this 800
equation to 600
sketch a graph of 400
the function. 200
0
0 50 100 150
y
nasir m mirza Slide 21
Minimizing Cost EXAMPLE 2: -CONTINUED
(Volume) A canvas wind shelter for the beach has a back, two
square sides, and a top. Find the dimensions for which the
volume will be 250 cubic feet and that requires the least possible
amount of canvas.
x
y
x
The quantity that we will be maximizing is ‘surface area’.
Therefore, our objective equation will contain a variable
representing surface area, A.
nasir m mirza Slide 24
Minimizing Surface Area
EXAMPLE 3: -CONTINUED
Simplify. 4000
3500
A= 2x2 + 500/x 3000
2500
Area (A)
4x = 500/x2
4x3 = 500
x3 = 125
x=5
250 = (5)2y; y = 10