ISIPATHANA COLLEGE COLOMBO -05

Physics
Structured essay M.M.FAZEEL B.Sc Dip.in edu M.Sc

g = 10 Nkg-1

(01) To measure the mass (m) of a piece of iron, a meter ruler, weight (w) and some strings are provided to the two
students P and Q

The student P stated that suspending the piece of iron at the one end of the ruler and the weight at the other
end of the ruler and thereafter placing the middle of the ruler on a knife edge.

The student B has placed the ruler on the knife edge and balanced it at the beginning. Thereafter the piece of
iron and the weight suspended at the two ends and balanced the system.

(a) The teacher said Q’s method is correct from the above two methods.
Do you agree with this ? if so give reason for your answer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) (i) Draw the arrangement for Q’s method and mark the forces acting on the rod, the distance from the knife to the
piece of iron is ℓ1 and to the weight is ℓ2.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) write down the relationship between ℓ1 , ℓ2 , w and m.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Student P says that “ the weight using in this experiment should be approximately equal to the weight of the
piece of the iron” what is the reason for this ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(d) If you have to extend this experiment to measure the relative density of the iron, what is the extra
measurement (ᵡ) you have to take in addition to the measurements ℓ1 and ℓ2

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(e) Write down and expression for the relative density of iron , in terms of ℓ1 , ℓ2 and ᵡ .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1
(02) The diagram shows a plane wavefront produced by a ripple tank. The base of the tank is made of glass.
Assume that no reflections of wave at the edges of the tank. The vibrator oscillates with a frequency of 20 Hz.
The diagram drawn to scales.

tank
Vibrator attached to
the frame water

Wooden bar Plane wavefront

(a) (i) What is wavefront ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Measure and write the wave length of the wave produced
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) How do you obtain circular wavefronts and the plane wavefronts from the ripple tank.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) What arrangements made to minimize the reflections of the wave in the ripple tank

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Calculate the wave length of the wave ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(e) Wave speed is given by V = (g h )1/2, g is acceleration due to gravity and h is depth of water. Determine the
depth of water in the tank.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(f) In circular wavefront the distance between first and the ninth wavefront is 40 cm. find the wavelength of
the wave
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2
 (g) (i) How do you prepare two regions in the ripple tank to demonstrate the refraction.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Draw the pattern of the wave front from deeper to shallower and deeper in the following box.

deeper

(03) An experimental set up to study the variation of pressure with

temperature of a gas at constant volume is shown in the diagram.

(a) Two of the essential items are not shown in the diagrams.
Draw them on the diagram.

(b) What type of tube is used as connecting tube X ?

Give a reason
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..

(c) Name the variables you maintain in this experiment.

(i) Independent variable :……………………………….

(ii) Dependent variable :……………………………….

(iii) Controlling variable :……………………………….

(d) What is the method you used to obtain the thermal equilibrium state of gas in the bulb and water in the
water bath
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3
(e) The graph shown is plotted using the measurement is this experiment.

P (Hg cm)

87.5

77.5

310 320 330 340 350 360 T (K)

(i) Obtain a relationship between temperature and pressure by using the graph.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) At 37 ᵒC, the difference of heights of the mercury columns is 1.5 cm. Calculate the difference in
heights of mercury columns at 77 ᵒC

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(f) A student suggests to use a spherical bulb of same volume instead of bulb Y to obtain higher accuracy.
Do you agree with the suggestion ? explain why ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4
(04) The Current Balance consists of a rectangular conducting frame. The rectangular frame is counter-
balanced by a long beam having a movable counter-balance mass on it and a magnetically damped vane
on its end. The vane also serves as a zero-position indicator.
Directly below the long side of the rectangular frame is a parallel conductor carrying the same current in
the oppo- site direction. The height of this conductor is adjustable to allow different separations between
the conductors. Also either end can be lowered or raised independently of the other to make the two
conductors parallel.

(a) State the fleming’s left hand rule which is related to this

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) When the magnetic poles are existed as shown what is the direction of current should be? State whether it is
from P to Q or Q to P ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) If you are provided the necessary pieces of wires complete the above circuit diagram to start the practical.

(d) At the beginning of the experiment the variable resistance has to be maintained in a mean value.
What is the reason for this ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) At the beginning of the experiment the insulated frame PQRS is brought to the horizontal position by
moving the weight M along its axis. Then the pointer of the frame shown the zero reading when the
switch K is on a current I flows through PQ. Write down an expression for the force on PQ if the
length is ℓ and the magnetic field strength is B.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5
(f) Draw the graph to show the variation of force (F) with length (ℓ)

(g) Explain how do you find the magnetic field strength B, if the weight of the magnet is known.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(h) Can you observe the variation of ammeter reading If PQ oscillate up and down.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Give reason for your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(i) Instead of the PQ wire if a metallic plate is placed between the poles of the horse shoe magnet as shown the
time period of the oscillation of PQRS frame is decreased. Explain the reason for this
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6
 Physics Isipathana College Two hours

Grade 13 Section B - Essay

g = 10 Nkg-1
Answer all four questions

(05)

h0
h

A water bottle of area A = 3.8 X 10-3 m2 containing water at atmospheric pressure is sealed shut with an initial
volume of air V0 = 1.5 X 10-4 m3 and brought to top mount where the pressure is 0.88 atm. A hole is punched
in the side of the bottle a distance h0 = 10.0 cm below the water level. Assume the flow is steady out of the
hole, and ignore any effects due to the hole. 1 atm = 1.0 X 105 Nm-2.

(i) What is the magnitude of the velocity of the efflux through the hole immediately after the hole is punched ?

(ii) Assume the air is an ideal gas, what is the air pressure in the bottle as a function of the height h of the water
level above the hole ?

(iii) What is the magnitude of the velocity of the efflux through the hole as a function of height h of the water level
above the hole ?

(06) An object of height 1 cm is placed in front of a thin convex lens of focal length
10 cm. its image observed at 25 cm from the eye lens as shown in the diagram.

(a) (i) Find the object distance

(ii) Calculate the angle subtended by the image at the eye

(b) Another convex lens of focal 5 cm is placed in front of this lens and
Object is placed 6 cm front of the new lens.
Image is observed at 25 cm from the eye lens as above.

(i) Find the separation between the lenses

(ii) Angle subtended by the final image at the eye

(c) Now the lens of focal length 5 cm is replaced by another convex lens of focal length 50 cm and now the object
is placed at a distance of 100 cm in front of it, the final image is observed at a distance of 25 cm from the eye.

(i) Find the separation between lenses

(ii) Calculate the magnifying power of the instrument.

7
(07)
(i) Define thermal conductivity.

(ii) Write down the equation of thermal conduction at steady state and name the terms.

A B C D

100ᵒC K1 K2 K3 0 ᵒC

(iii) Consider the compound bar consisting three bars AB , BC , and CD of identical dimensions,
connected in series. But all three are made of different materials. The ends A and B are at steady
temperatures 100ᵒ C and 0ᵒ C respectively. Sketch the graphs for the variation of temperature ɵ with
the distance X measured from end A, at steady state for the for the following situations.(K1, K2 and K3
are the thermal conductivities of lagged bars AB , BC and CD respectively.)

(1) K1=K3˃K2
(2) K1˂K2˂K3
(3) K1=K3 and CD is an ideal thermal conductor.
(4) AB and CD are ideal thermal conductors.

(a) In a house with brick walls the temperature inside is 25ᵒ C and the temperature outside is 35ᵒ C.
If the thickness the wall is 12 cm, what amount of heat will conduct through an area of 1 m2 of this
wall in an hour ?

(b) Now the either side of brick wall is parallel with wood of thickness 3 cm. Now what amount of heat
will conduct through an area of 1m2 of this wall in one minute. The heat conductivities of brick and wood
are 0.48 Wm-1K-1 and 0.15 Wm-1K-1 respectively.

(08) Distinguish the difference between electro motive force (emf) and potential difference.

Electric energy can be stored in an emf source from other energy sources.
Name three different sources of emf and state the energy transformation. 2V

r=1Ώ
A wire AB of length 1 m and resistance 3 Ώ is connected in series
across a cell of emf 2 V and internal resistance 1 Ώ as shown in
the diagram. Find the potential difference across the wire. A B

The potential difference across XY is balanced across the wire AB 5Ώ 3Ώ 3Ώ X

at 80 cm length.
E
(j) Find the current through 4 Ώ resistor ? 10 Ώ 10 Ώ 4Ώ

(ii) what is the difference between the current through 5 Ώ

and 4 Ώ resistor. 4Ώ 2Ώ 3Ώ Y

(iii) If the internal resistance 1 Ώ find emf E of the source

Prepared by Mr. M.M.Fazeel B.Sc Dip.in edu M.Sc

8