3 Reinforced Concrete Design

Strength of Rectangular Section in Bending

Floor Framing System

Load Transferred to Beam from Slab

Continuous Beams and One-way Slabs

Bending Moment Envelopes

ACI Moment and Shear Coefficients

Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Floor Framing System
To transfer vertical loads on the floor to the beams and columns in a
most efficient and economical way
Columns

Layout of Beams and Columns

Joist
- Occupancy requirements
Spandrel
- Commonly used beam size

- Ceiling and services requirements

Stair

Stringer
Floor beam or Girder
 Loading on Beams
Tributary area = Area for which the beam is supporting

One-way Floor System (m =S/L < 0.5)

wS kg/m
C1
B2

S B1 Loading
L
Tributary area
B3
B1 Load from B1
Floor load w kg/m2

B3 Loading

B1 = Secondary Beam
B3 = Primary Beam

If span of B3 is too large, more secondary beam may be used.

Precast Concrete Slab

C1
B2

Floor load = w kg/sq.m

Tributary area = 0.5SL sq.m

B3 S
Load on beam = 0.5wSL kg/m

L
Two-way Slab Span ratio m = S/L

D C Short span (BC):

45o 45o Floor load = w kg/sq.m

S Tributary area = S2/4 sq.m

Load on beam = wS/4 wS/3 kg/m
45o 45o
A B
B C B C
L

Long span (AB):

Floor load = w kg/sq.m
 2 − m  sq.m
2
S2/4 S
Tributary area = SL/2 - =  
4  m 

Load on beam wS  3 − m 2  kg/m

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CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS

w w w w

L L L L

SHEAR:

MOMENT:

Methods of Analysis:
- Exact analysis: slope-deflection, moment distribution
- Approximate analysis: ACI shears and moments coefficients
- Computer: MicroFEAP, Grasp, SUTStructor, STAAD.Pro, SAP2000
LOAD PATTERNS (Live Load)
Use influence lines for determining load patterns that will give
the maximum shear force and bending moment
A

Influence line for moment at A

Load pattern for max. positive moment at A

Influence line for moment at B

Load pattern for max. negative moment at B

LOAD PATTERN IN FRAME

Frame Example:
• Maximum +M at point B
• Draw qualitative
influence lines

• Resulting pattern load:

“checkerboard pattern”
Arrangement of Live Loads

ACI 318-05 Sec. 8.9.2:

It shall be permitted to assume that the arrangement of live load is limited

to combinations of:

• Factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load on

two adjacent spans.

• Factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load on

alternate spans.
Moment Envelopes
The moment envelope curve
defines the extreme boundary
values of bending moment
along the beam due to critical
placements of design live
loading.
Moment Envelopes

LL
DL
Moment Envelopes Example

Given following beam with a dead load of 1 t/m and

live load 2 t/m obtain the shear and bending moment
envelopes

A B
C
6m 6m
Moment Envelopes Example
CASE 1 : DL(full) + LL(full)

LL
DL

A B
C
6m 6m

20 40
15
20
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
kips

k-ft
0 -20
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-40
-10
-15 -60

-20 -80
ft ft

Shear Diagram Moment Diagram

Moment Envelopes Example
CASE 2 : DL(full) + LL(half)

LL
DL

A B
C
6m 6m

50 200
40
150
30
20 100
10 50
0
kips

k-ft
0
-10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-20 -50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

-30 -100
-40
-150
-50
-60 -200
ft ft

Shear Diagram Moment Diagram

Moment Envelopes Example

The shear envelope

Shear Envelope

80
Minimum Shear
60
Maximum Shear
40
20
kips

0
-20 0 10 20 30 40
-40
-60
-80
ft
Moment Envelopes Example

The moment envelope

Moment Envelope

200

100

0
k-ft

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-100

-200

-300
ft

Minimum Moment Maximum Moment

ACI Approximated Coefficients for Moments and Shears


 

 

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Ex3.1: A two span beam is supported by spandrel beams at the outer edges and by
a column in the center. Dead load (including beam weight) is 1.5 t/m and live load is
3 t/m on both beams. Calculate all critical service-load shear forces and bending
moments for the beams. The torsional resistance of the spandrel beam is not
sufficient to cause restraint of beam ABC at the masonry walls.
Masonry Masonry
Wall
D CL E CL Wall

B’ B’’
6m 6.5 m
A B C
Check conditions (a) Loads are uniformly distributed,
(b) LL/DL = 3/1.5 = 2 < 3,
(c) (L2 – L1)/L1 = (6.5 – 6)/6 = 0.083 < 0.2

Bending Moments MAB = -4.5(6)2/24 = -6.75 t-m, MBA = -4.5(6.25)2/9 = -19.5 t-m,

MCB = -4.5(6.5)2/24 = -7.92 t-m, MBC = -4.5(6.25)2/9 = -19.5 t-m,

MD = 4.5(6)2/11 = 14.7 t-m, ME = 4.5(6.5)2/11 = 17.3 t-m

 Masonry Masonry
Wall
D CL E CL Wall

B’ B’’
6m 6.5 m
A B C

Shear Forces
VA = 4.5(6)/2 = 13.5 tons, VB’ = 1.15(4.5)(6)/2 = 15.5 tons,

VC = 4.5(6.5)/2 = 14.6 tons, VB’’ = 1.15(4.5)(6.5)/2 = 16.8 t-m

Reactions
RA = VA = 13.5 tons,

RB = VB’ + VB’’ = 15.5 + 16.8 = 32.3 tons,

RC = VC = 14.6 tons
Gravity & Lateral loads on Portal Frame
W

Portal frame subjected to gravity loads:

L R
L R

Portal frame subjected to lateral loads:

L R R
L
Rigid frame deflections
forces and deformations caused by external shear
Bending Moment in Column & Beam