You are on page 1of 11

!"#$!%"&'($)*++',(-$./%'"$%(0$!*12*"+$,3$&/*$45*67&'8*$9,%"0$ F./$%&'(G%7%8/-%.(H/.

"5(I'9=(
FPP$;*V$9"'0A*$=&"**&$
:;<...$=*6"*&%"'%&$ :@$?,(0,($4._T$N^R$
!%"&'(>?7&/*">@'(A>=&"%++*$B$ $
C$DEFDE$9,(($ J1'%.10'*/108(K5*22*/12(L.09*1@(
,22/&*0'*/1(
G*"1%(H$ O_-$"7*$!*"L*$0`R72'A(a$
$ .)>FOPb$G*(*8*$$
$ =V'&c*"L%(0

$
I,$ $ 601>'(3,J7(3666#'(&$
<",1$ $ @'1.%"(%/%(J'*&%#,"A$%(0$K%6/*L#./'L0JM0>3,"71#(*&$$
C%&*$ $ FN$!%H$OPFF$
$
!"#$%&'( .%LL$3,"$M72L'6$'(M7&+Q$45M%(+',($,3$&/*$7+%2'L'&H$,3$&/*$+1%LL$+6%L*$1*&/,0,L,AH$
R!=>SSS#RT$U?,V$A"**(/,7+*$A%+$*1'&&'(A$V%&*"$M7"'3'6%&',($+H+&*1+U$
(
$
$
C*%"$!"#$)*++',(-$$
$
S4IR$%(0$WC<$/%8*$6,12'(*0$,7"$6,11*(&+$3,"$&/'+$6%LL$3,"$'(M7&$'($&/'+$0,671*(&#$$X*$V*L6,1*$
&/*$0*8*L,M1*(&$,3$&/'+$1*&/,0,L,AH$%(0$L,,Y$3,"V%"0$&,$'&+$%MM",8%L#$I/*$M"'(6'ML*$,3$"%'+'(A$
37&7"*$*1'++',(+$'+$%6Y(,VL*0A*0-$0*3%7L&$8%L7*+$%"*$M",8'0*0-$6/,'6*+$3,"$0%&%Z*8'0*(6*$M",8'+',($
%"*$A'8*($%(0$*(8'",(1*(&%L$'(&*A"'&H$'+$M"*+*"8*0#$WL*%+*$3'(0$/*"*%3&*"$37"&/*"$+7AA*+&',(+$3,"$
'1M",8*1*(&$2%+*0$,($&/*$*5M*"'*(6*$,3$,7"$6,LL*6&'8*$1*12*"+/'M#$WL*%+*$(,&*$&/%&$V*$%"*$(,&$
%2L*$&,$+72+&%(&'%&*$,7"$%"A71*(&+$%+$176/$%+$V*$V,7L0$L'Y*$+'(6*$%$L%6Y$,3$0%&%Z*8'0*(6*$'+$&/*$
8*"H$"*%+,($3,"$&/*$(**0$3,"$+76/$&,M>0,V($1*&/,0,L,A'*+$'($&/*+*$7(0*""*M"*+*(&*0$6,7(&"'*+#$
I/'+$1*&/,0,L,AH$6,(+&'&7&*+$%$A,,0$6,1M",1'+*$2*&V**($*33'6'*(6H$%(0$*(8'",(1*(&%L$'(&*A"'&H$
%(0$V*$%"*$+7"*$'&$V'LL$+,,($L*%0$&,$&/*$'++7%(6*$,3$.4K+#$
$
)*+ ,--./-.*0'%1%22(/3('4%(506*5"5(7/8"5%(/3(-".*3*%9(:0'%.(-%.(-%.2/1(-%.(90;(2%'(0'(
<=<(8*'%.2(*1(%>"0'*/1(?(/3('4%(5%'4/9/8/@;('0A*1@(*1'/(0&&/"1'('4%(#02%8*1%(9%3*1%9(
*1('4%(5%'4/9/8/@;B(*=%=("2%(/3(3/22*8(3"%8(/.(1/1C.%1%:0#8%(#*/5022(3/.(#/*8*1@(:0'%.D(
(
I/*$7+*$,3$&/*$D#D$L'&*"+$M*"$M*"+,($M*"$0%H$6%M$3,"$.%+*$O$M",[*6&+$'+$7("*%+,(%2L*#$I/*$+%1*-$
7(6%MM*0$%1,7(&$,3$&"*%&*0$V%&*"$(**0+$&,$2*$%LL,V*0$&,$A*&$.4K+$'($%LL$6,7(&"'*+$%(0$L,6%&',(+$
V/*"*$&/*"*$'+$%$M",8*($L%6Y$,3$%66*++$&,$'1M",8*0$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$+,7"6*+-$'#*#$'($2,&/$.%+*$F$%(0$
.%+*$O$+'&7%&',(+#$
$
<,"$M",[*6&+$3%LL'(A$7(0*"$6%+*$F-$&/*$L%6Y$,3$%66*++$&,$+%3*$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$'+$M",8*($2H$\']$^!W$0%&%-$
\'']$,&/*"$,33'6'%L$0%&%$3",1$A,8*"(1*(&$%A*(6'*+$,"$'(0*M*(0*(&$+&70'*+$,"$\''']$+7"8*H$1*&/,0+#$
.%+*$O$,(LH$%LL,V+$6"*0'&'(A$,3$M",[*6&$M,M7L%&',($3,"$V/'6/$'&$6%($2*$0*1,(+&"%&*0$&/",7A/$
0,671*(&%&',($&/%&$&/*$6,11,($M"%6&'6*$,3$V%&*"$M7"'3'6%&',($'+$,"$V,7L0$/%8*$2**($V%&*"$2,'L'(A#$
S($2,&/$6%+*+-$'&$'+$%++71*0$\6%+*$F]$,"$M",8*($\6%+*$O]$&/%&$&/*$V%&*"$V,7L0$2*$2,'L*0$'($&/*$
2%+*L'(*#$=,$&/*"*$(**0$(,&$2*$%(H$0'33*"*(&'%&',($'($&/*$%1,7(&$,3$V%&*"$%LL,V*0$&,$"*6*'8*$6"*0'&+$
2*&V**($&/*$&V,$+6*(%"',+#$I/7+$&/*$6%M$'($6%+*$O$(**0+$&,$2*$*L'1'(%&*0#$
$
)**+ ,--./-.*0'%1%22(/3('4%('4.%24/89(-./-/.'*/1(/3(.".08(-/-"80'*/1("2*1@(01(*5-./7%9(
9.*1A*1@(2/".&%(2-%&*3*%9(*1(-0.0@.0-4(E(/3('4*2(5%'4/9/8/@;=(
(
Date 16 May 2011
Subject .%LL$3,"$M72L'6$'(M7&+Q$45M%(+',($,3$&/*$7+%2'L'&H$,3$&/*$+1%LL$+6%L*$1*&/,0,L,AH$
R!=>SSS#RT$U?,V$A"**(/,7+*$A%+$*1'&&'(A$V%&*"$M7"'3'6%&',($+H+&*1+U

I/*$M",M,+*0$&/"*+/,L0$,3$DPd$,3$&/*$"7"%L$M,M7L%&',($7+'(A$%($'1M",8*0$0"'(Y'(A>V%&*"$+,7"6*$'+$
7((*6*++%"'LH$6,(+*"8%&'8*#$X'&/$&/'+$&/"*+/,L0-$&/*$67""*(&$L'+&$,3$6,7(&"'*+$&/%&$3%LL$7(0*"$.%+*$F-$
%66,"0'(A$&,$&/*$^!W$0%&%$\,M&',($']$'+$L'1'&*0$&,$,(LH$OP$6,7(&"'*+$\I%2L*$F]#$!%(H$,&/*"$6,7(&"'*+$
V/*"*$&/*"*$'+$%$V*LL$Y(,V($M",2L*1$,3$%66*++$&,$'1M",8*0$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$+,7"6*+$%"*$(,&$,($&/'+$
L'+&#$$
$
L0#8%(?(M/"1'.*%2(:4%.%(<NO(/.(8%22(/3(.".08(-/-"80'*/1(*2(2%.7%9(:*'4(*5-./7%9(:0'%.(
2/".&%2B(0&&/.9*1@('/(PQF(90'0(3./5(RNNS(

F./-/.'*/1(/3(T".08(
M/"1'.;( -/-"80'*/1(2%.7%9(:*'4(
J5-./7%9(U0'%.()O+(
R3A/%('+&%($ Ee#PP$
R(A,L%$ EB#PP$
C*1,6"%&'6$K*M72L'6$,3$&/*$.,(A,$ OB#PP$
.,(A,$ E_#PP$
4&/',M'%$ ON#PP$
G%2,($ _F#PP$
!%0%A%+6%"$ Oe#PP$
!%L'$ __#PP$
!,(A,L'%$ _e#PP$
!,c%12'f7*$ Oe#PP$
!%7"'&%('%$ _b#PP$
;'A*"$ Ee#PP$
;'A*"'%$ _O#PP$
W%M7%$;*V$G7'(*%$ EE#PP$
='*""%$?*,(*$ ON#PP$
=,1%L'%$ e#PP$
./%0$ __#PP$
I,A,$ _F#PP$
:('&*0$K*M72L'6$,3$I%(c%('%$ _D#PP$
g%12'%$ _N#PP$
$
X*$V,7L0$L'Y*$&,$+7AA*+&$'(6"*%+'(A$&/*$&/"*+/,L0$&,$NPd-$%+$'&$V%+$M",M,+*0$'($&/*$3'"+&$0"%3&$,3$&/*$
1*&/,0,L,AH#$I/'+$V'LL$*(%2L*$&/*$'(6L7+',($'($6%+*$F$,3$3'3&**($1,"*$6,7(&"'*+-$1,+&LH$?C.+$\+**$
&%2L*$O$2*L,V]-$V'&/$%$"*6,A('c*0$M",2L*1$,3$%66*++$&,$+%3*$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"#$I/*$*5M%(+',($,3$&/'+$
L'+&$V'LL$A'8*$A"*%&*"$6,(3'0*(6*$&,$'(8*+&,"+$%+$8%L'0%&',(Z"*A'+&"%&',($"'+Y+$%"*$+'A('3'6%(&LH$
L,V*"*0#$h(*$M,++'2'L'&H$1%H$%L+,$2*$&,$M"*>%MM",8*$%LL$?C.+$,($&,M$,3$&/'+$L'+&#$
<7"&/*"-$V*$M",M,+*$&,$0*L*&*$&/*$V,"0$"7"%L$3",1$&/*$1*&/,0,L,AH$%+$&/*"*$%"*$1%(H$6%+*+$V/*"*$
7"2%($%"*%+$2,'L$V%&*"$&,,$*#A#$@%&/1%(07$\V/*"*$&/*"*$%6&7%LLH$'+$%$M72L'6$0'+&"'27&',($+H+&*1$27&$
&/*$f7%L'&H$'+$M*"6*'8*0$%+$'(+733'6'*(&]-$<%8*L%+$*&6#$
;,&*Q$WL*%+*$0,$(,&$6,(37+*$%66*++$&,$i'1M",8*0$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$+,7"6*j$V'&/$%66*++$&,$i+%3*$
0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$'($6,1ML'%(6*$V'&/$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$f7%L'&H$+M*6'3'*0$'($%$"*L*8%(&$(%&',(%L$+&%(0%"0$

2
Date 16 May 2011
Subject .%LL$3,"$M72L'6$'(M7&+Q$45M%(+',($,3$&/*$7+%2'L'&H$,3$&/*$+1%LL$+6%L*$1*&/,0,L,AH$
R!=>SSS#RT$U?,V$A"**(/,7+*$A%+$*1'&&'(A$V%&*"$M7"'3'6%&',($+H+&*1+U

,"$A7'0*L'(*+jQ$%+$%($*5%1ML*-$"%'($V%&*"$'+$%($'1M",8*0$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$+,7"6*F#$I/'+$'+$2H$(,$
1*%(+$%$A7%"%(&**$&,$*"%0'6%&*$V%&*">2,"(*$0'+*%+*+-$V/*"*%+$&/*$M",[*6&$&*6/(,L,AH$0,*+$*5%6&LH$
&/%&$\+**$M%"%A"%M/$E#2]#$S&$'+$&/7+$M",M,+*0$&,$"*>V"'&*$M%"%$_#%]$%+$3,LL,V+Q$i.%+*$FQ$W",[*6&$
%6&'8'&'*+$'1ML*1*(&*0$'($?C.+$,"$6,7(&"'*+Z"*A',(+$V'&/$M",M,"&',($,3$M,M7L%&',($7+'(A$V%&*"$'($
6,1ML'%(6*$V'&/$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$f7%L'&H$+M*6'3'*0$'($%$"*L*8%(&$(%&',(%L$+&%(0%"0$,"$A7'0*L'(*+$
*f7%L$&,$,"$L*++$&/%($NPd$6,(3'"1*0$2H$,(*$,3$&/*$&/"**$,M&',(+$2*L,VQj$
$
L0#8%(R(M/"1'.*%2(:4%.%(<?CVNO(/3(.".08(-/-"80'*/1(*2(2%.7%9(:*'4(*5-./7%9(:0'%.(2/".&%B(
0&&/.9*1@('/(PQF(90'0(3./5(RNNS(

F./-/.'*/1(/3(T".08(
M/"1'.;( -/-"80'*/1(2%.7%9(:*'4(
J5-./7%9(U0'%.()O+(
.*(&"%L$R3"'6%($K*M72L'6k$ DF#PP$
.%1*",,($ DF#PP$
C['2,7&'k$ DO#PP$
4"'&"*%k$ Db#PP$
G7'(*%>9'++%7k$ DF#PP$
)%'&'k$ DD#PP$
S"%f$ DD#PP$
@*(H%$ DO#PP$
.%12,0'%k$ DN#PP$
?%,$W*,ML*l+$C*1,6"%&'6$
DF#PP$
K*M72L'6k$
?'2*"'%k$ DF#PP$
!,",66,$ NP#PP$
=70%(k$ DO#PP$
=*(*A%Lk$ DO#PP$
m*1*(k$ Db#PP$
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnn$
k$?C.+$
(
(
)***+ W'4%.(*22"%2X(
(
!"#$%#&%'(#"')$*)+*%,+'$'"')$-*#$%*".,*#//0'1#2'0'"3*1)$%'"')$-*
*
! I/*$%MML'6%2'L'&H$6,(0'&',($E$\%]$"*f7'"*+$&/%&$iM"',"$&,$&/*$'1ML*1*(&%&',($,3$&/*$M",[*6&$
%6&'8'&H-$%$M72L'6$0'+&"'27&',($(*&V,"Y$,3$+%3*$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$0,*+$(,&$*5'+&$V'&/'($&/*$&,&%L$
M",[*6&$%"*%j#$),V$&,$0*3'(*$M",[*6&$%"*%o$),V$&,$0*3'(*$%66*++'2'L'&Ho$\S($6*"&%'($%"*%+$
&/*"*$'+$+,1*$3,"1$,3$0'+&"'27&',($(*&V,"Y$27&$(,&$&,$*8*"H$/,7+*/,L0]#$<7"&/*"-$&/'+$

1
In other words, the current definition reads: “An improved drinking-water source is defined as one that, by nature
of its construction or through active intervention, is protected from outside contamination, in particular from
contamination with faecal matter » (see http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/introduction/ and
http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/.

3
Date 16 May 2011
Subject .%LL$3,"$M72L'6$'(M7&+Q$45M%(+',($,3$&/*$7+%2'L'&H$,3$&/*$+1%LL$+6%L*$1*&/,0,L,AH$
R!=>SSS#RT$U?,V$A"**(/,7+*$A%+$*1'&&'(A$V%&*"$M7"'3'6%&',($+H+&*1+U

6,(0'&',($6,(&"%0'6&+$&/*$6,(0'&',($_$\%]-$V/'6/$%LL,V+$&/*$7+*$,3$%($'1M",8*0$0"'(Y'(A>
V%&*"$+,7"6*$2H$7M$&,$DPd$,3$&/*$"7"%L$M,M7L%&',($,3$%$6,7(&"H#$<'(%LLH-$/,V$&,$0*3'(*$+%3*$
0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"o$\h3&*(-$&/*$%7&/,"'&'*+$6L%'1$&/*$V%&*"$'+$+%3*$&,$0"'(Y$27&$*33*6&'8*LH-$
M*,ML*$+&'LL$2,'L#$I/'+$'+$0'33'67L&$&,$M",8*#]$I/*"*3,"*-$&/*$6,(0'&',($E$\%]$(**0+$&,$2*$0*L*&*0#$
4(8'",(1*(&%L$'(&*A"'&H$'+$(,&$/%"1*0$2*6%7+*$p$%3&*"$%LL$p$M*,ML*$,(LH$7+*$&/*$.C!$
M",[*6&`+$*f7'M1*(&$'3$&/*$%L&*"(%&'8*+$%"*$M*"6*'8*0$&,$2*$V,"+*-$*'&/*"$'($&*"1+$,3$&'1*-$
1,(*H$,"$V%&*"$f7%L'&H#$R+$%($*5%1ML*-$%L&/,7A/$@%&/1%(07$/%+$%$M72L'6$0'+&"'27&',($
+H+&*1-$M*,ML*$+&'LL$2,'L$&/*$V%&*"$,"$27H$2,&&L*0$V%&*"$'3$&/*H$6%($%33,"0$&,#$S3$L*3&$'(-$'&$
V,7L0$(**0$&,$2*$6L%"'3'*0$&/%&$&/*$+%3*$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$0'+&"'27&',($(*&V,"Y$'+$'($
6,1ML'%(6*$V'&/$0"'(Y'(A$V%&*"$f7%L'&H$+M*6'3'*0$'($%$"*L*8%(&$(%&',(%L$+&%(0%"0$,"$
A7'0*L'(*+$%(0$&/*$%66*++$&,$'&$'+$M,++'2L*Z%66*M&%2L*$%(0$&/*$M"'6*$'+$%33,"0%2L*#$
$
! I/*$%MML'6%2'L'&H$6,(0'&',($E$\6]$(**0+$&,$2*$0*L*&*0$%+$&/*"*$V'LL$(,&$2*$%(H$1,"*$.4K+$'3$%$
M",[*6&$0*6'0*+$(,&$&,$"*ML%6*$&/*$*f7'M1*(&$2*3,"*$&/*$*(0$,3$&/*$6"*0'&'(A$M*"',0$'#*#$&/*$
*(8'",(1*(&%L$'(&*A"'&H$'+$M"*+*"8*0#$
! R+$1*(&',(*0-$V*$M",M,+*$&,$0*L*&*$i"7"%Lj$3",1$&/*$1*&/,0,L,AH#$),V*8*"-$'3$L*3&$'(-$&/*$
0*3'('&',($,3$"7"%L$%"*%+$'($6%+*$F$"*3*"+$&,$X)hZ:;S.4<$^,'(&$!,('&,"'(A$W",A"%11*$3,"$
V%&*"$+7MMLH$%(0$+%('&%&',($0*3'('&',(+$\3,,&(,&*$E]#$<'"+&LH-$'&$'+$(,&$6L*%"$V/*"*$&,$3'(0$&/'+$
0*3'('&',(#$=*6,(0LH-$%$0*3'('&',($2H$%$"*L*8%(&$(%&',(%L$%A*(6H$/%+$&,$2*$%L+,$%66*M&*0$'($
,M&',(+$\'']$%(0$\''']$&,$*(%2L*$&/*$7+*$,3$*5'+&'(A$+&%&'+&'6+$%(0$+&70'*+#$

4,+#50"*+#1")&-*+)&*/#&#6,",&*+*789:*3*#$%* !wb
$
$
X*$V,7L0$L'Y*$&,$*(6,7"%A*$&/*$+*6"*&%"'%&$&,$0*8*L,MZ6,11'++',($&/*$0*8*L,M1*(&$,3$0*3%7L&$
8%L7*+$3,"$%+$1%(H$6,7(&"'*+$%+$M,++'2L*#$X/*(*8*"$+7"8*H+$(**0$&,$2*$6,(076&*0-$&"%(+%6&',($6,+&+$
%(0$8%L'0%&',(Z"*A'+&"%&',($7(6*"&%'(&'*+$3,"$'(8*+&,"+$'(6"*%+*-$*+M*6'%LLH$'($&/*+*$6,7(&"'*+$V/*"*$
0%&%$%8%'L%2'L'&H$'+$%$/7A*$6/%LL*(A*#$$
$
R+$%($*5%1ML*-$ !wb 6,7L0$2*$+*&$%&$P#OD$3,"$6%+*$F$\2%+*0$,($X,"L0$9%(Y$*33'6'*(&$6,,Y$+&,8*$
M",A"%1+]$%(0$&/'+$8%L7*$6%($2*$"*8'+'&*0$2H$&/*$+1%LL>+6%L*$M%(*L$*8*"H$E$&,$D$H*%"+#$
$
C*3%7L&$8%L7*+$3,"$3$;K9-$H$6%($2*$0*8*L,M*0$3,"$*5%1ML*-$2%+*0$,($&/*$(%&',(%L$+&%&'+&'6+$6,LL*6&*0$
2H$<,,0$%(0$RA"'67L&7"*$h"A%('c%&',($,3$&/*$:('&*0$;%&',(+$\<Rh]$V'&/'($&/*$<,"*+&$K*+,7"6*+$
R++*++1*(&$W",A"%11*#$9%+*0$,($&/*$0*3'('&',($M",8'0*0$'($R!=>S#4#-$V,,0H$2',1%++$'+$
i"*(*V%2L*j$'3$,(*$,3$&/*$3,LL,V'(A$&V,$6,(0'&',(+$'+$+%&'+3'*0Q$

1. I/*$V,,0H$2',1%++$'+$,"'A'(%&'(A$3",1$L%(0$%"*%+$&/%&$%"*$3,"*+&+$V/*"*Q$

(a) I/*$L%(0$%"*%$"*1%'(+$%$3,"*+&q$$

(b) =7+&%'(%2L*$1%(%A*1*(&$M"%6&'6*+$%"*$7(0*"&%Y*($,($&/*+*$L%(0$%"*%+$&,$*(+7"*-$'($
M%"&'67L%"-$&/%&$&/*$L*8*L$,3$6%"2,($+&,6Y+$,($&/*+*$L%(0$%"*%+$0,*+$(,&$
+H+&*1%&'6%LLH$0*6"*%+*$,8*"$&'1*$\6%"2,($+&,6Y+$1%H$&*1M,"%"'LH$0*6"*%+*$07*$&,$
/%"8*+&'(A]q$%(0$

(c) R(H$(%&',(%L$,"$"*A',(%L$3,"*+&"H$%(0$(%&7"*$6,(+*"8%&',($"*A7L%&',(+$%"*$6,1ML'*0$
V'&/#$

4
Date 16 May 2011
Subject .%LL$3,"$M72L'6$'(M7&+Q$45M%(+',($,3$&/*$7+%2'L'&H$,3$&/*$+1%LL$+6%L*$1*&/,0,L,AH$
R!=>SSS#RT$U?,V$A"**(/,7+*$A%+$*1'&&'(A$V%&*"$M7"'3'6%&',($+H+&*1+U

2. I/*$2',1%++$'+$V,,0H$2',1%++$%(0$,"'A'(%&*+$3",1$(,(>3,"*+&$%"*%+$\*#A#$6",ML%(0+-$
A"%++L%(0+]$V/*"*Q$$

(a) I/*$L%(0$%"*%$"*1%'(+$6",ML%(0$%(0Z,"$A"%++L%(0+$,"$'+$"*8*"&*0$&,$3,"*+&q$$

(b) =7+&%'(%2L*$1%(%A*1*(&$M"%6&'6*+$%"*$7(0*"&%Y*($,($&/*+*$L%(0$%"*%+$&,$*(+7"*$'($
M%"&'67L%"$&/%&$&/*$L*8*L$,3$6%"2,($+&,6Y+$,($&/*+*$L%(0$%"*%+$0,*+$(,&$+H+&*1%&'6%LLH$
0*6"*%+*$,8*"$&'1*$\6%"2,($+&,6Y+$1%H$&*1M,"%"'LH$0*6"*%+*$07*$&,$/%"8*+&'(A]q$
%(0$

(c) R(H$(%&',(%L$,"$"*A',(%L$3,"*+&"H-$%A"'67L&7"*$%(0$(%&7"*$6,(+*"8%&',($"*A7L%&',(+$
%"*$6,1ML'*0$V'&/#$

$
9%+*0$,($&/*$<Rh$+&%&'+&'6+-$'&$6%($2*$0*1,(+&"%&*0$&/%&$2,&/$6,(0'&',(+$\%]$%(0$\2]$%"*$(,&$+%&'+3'*0$
3,"$1,+&$R3"'6%($6,7(&"'*+OE-$1*%('(A$&/%&$%LL$V,,0H$2',1%++$7+*0$L*%0+$&,$0*3,"*+&%&',($%(0$
0*6L'('(A$,3$6%"2,($+&,6Y$%(0$&/7+$'+$(,(>"*(*V%2L*#$$
$
I,$0*1,(+&"%&*$%$+M*6'3'6$6,7(&"H$*5%1ML*$,3$I%(c%('%-$2,&/$3,"*+&$%(0$,&/*"$V,,0*0$L%(0$%"*%+$
&/*"*$/%8*$2**($0*6L'('(A$%(0$(,(>3,"*+&$%"*%+$\i,&/*"$L%(0j$6%&*A,"H]$/%8*$2**($'(6"*%+'(A$V/'6/$
M",8*+$&/%&$6,(0'&',($\%]$'($&/*$0*3'('&',($,3$"*(*V%2L*$V,,0H$2',1%++$'+$(,&$+%&'+3'*0$\I%2L*$F]Q$
$
$
L0#8%(Y(H/.%2'(019(1/1C3/.%2'(0.%02(*1(L01Z01*0(0&&/.9*1@('/(HT,(RN?NE(

M0'%@/.*%2(( ,.%0(*1(?NV(4%&'0.%2(

?[[<( RNNN( RNN<( RN?N(

H/.%2'( E?=<( Y\=<( Y<=E( YY=E(

W'4%.(://9%9(8019(( ?S=R( ?E=[( ?Y=Y( ??=V(

W'4%.(8019( RS=[( YV=R( Y[=[( EY=<(

I%2L*$O$+/,V+$&/*$0*6L'('(A$&"*(0$'($&/*$6%"2,($+&,6Y+-$V/'6/$M",8*+$&/%&$6,(0'&',($\2]$'($&/*$
0*3'('&',($,3$"*(*V%2L*$2',1%++$'+$(,&$+%&'+3'*0$*'&/*"#$

2
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, http://www.fao.org/forestry/32033/en/
3
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, http://www.fao.org/forestry/32044/en/
4
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010, Country Report, United Republic of Tanzania (FRA 2010), p14
http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/al657E/al657E.pdf

5
Date 16 May 2011
Subject .%LL$3,"$M72L'6$'(M7&+Q$45M%(+',($,3$&/*$7+%2'L'&H$,3$&/*$+1%LL$+6%L*$1*&/,0,L,AH$
R!=>SSS#RT$U?,V$A"**(/,7+*$A%+$*1'&&'(A$V%&*"$M7"'3'6%&',($+H+&*1+U

L0#8%(E(M0.#/1(2'/&A(*1(L01Z01*0(0&&/.9*1@('/(HT,(RN?N<(

( M0.#/1()Q*88*/1(5%'.*&('/11%2+(

( H/.%2'( W'4%.(://9%9(8019(

]%0.( ?[[N( RNNN( RNN<( RN?N( ?[[N( RNNN( RNN<( RN?N(

M0.#/1(*1( RBNRN( ?BSRE( ?B\R<( ?BVRS( \\N( VYN( <<S( E[?(


0#/7%(
@./"19(
#*/5022(

$
<,"$+'1ML'3'6%&',($%(0$2",%0*('(A$,3$&/'+$1*&/,0,L,AH-$%+$V*LL$%+$,3$&/*$,&/*"$1*&/,0,L,A'*+$
'(8,L8'(A$&/*$+72+&'&7&*$,3$(,(>"*(*V%2L*$V,,0H$2',1%++-$V*$+7AA*+&$&,$'(&",076*$%$0*3%7L&$8%L7*$
,3$+*789:*3*;*<==>*+)&*#00*1)5$"&',-*?.,&,*#*1)$-'-",$"*%,10'$'$@*"&,$%*'$*+)&,-"*#$%*)".,&*?))%,%*0#$%*
#&,#*#$%*'$*1#&2)$*-")1A*1#$*2,*%,6)$-"&#",%*2#-,%*)$*".,*0#",-"*B8C*%#"#D$
*
E,#A#@,*,6'--')$-*
*
?*%Y%A*$(**0+$&,$2*$0*L*&*0q$%$/H0",$M",[*6&$3,"$*5%1ML*$0,*+$(,&$(**0$&,$6,(3'"1$&/%&$%($*f7%L$
%1,7(&$,3$*L*6&"'6'&H$&,$&/%&$'&$M",076*0$/%+$2**($"*076*0$3",1$3,++'L>37*L>3'"*0$M,V*"$ML%(&+#$h($%$
+*M%"%&*$(,&*-$&/'+$'+$%$M"'1*$*5%1ML*$,3$/,V$M*"6*'8*0$8*"'3'6%&',($"'+Y$6%($0'+6,7"%A*$
'(8*+&1*(&+$'($&/*$3'"+&$ML%6*Q$&/*$L*%Y%A*$M",6*07"*$,3$R!=>S#4#$%00+$%$L,&$,3$7(6*"&%'(&H$%&$%$8*"H$
L%&*$+&%A*-$V/*($%LL$,3$&/*$'(8*+&1*(&$%(0$'1ML*1*(&%&',($V,"Y$'+$%L"*%0H$0,(*#$$
$
X*$&/%(Y$H,7$%A%'($3,"$H,7"$6,(+'0*"%&',($,3$&/'+$'(M7&#$$
$
m,7"+$+'(6*"*LH-$

$
$

$
$

)*("H$C*"V*(&$ K%6/*L$./'L0$
W"*+'0*(&$%(0$.4h-$S4IR$ .,>8'6*$./%'"M*"+,(-$
$ W",[*6&$C*8*L,M*"$<,"71$

5
Ibid, p 35

6
 
 
 















 


 




 
 










 


 




 



 




 
 
 









 

 




 





 


 
 

 


 






 

                    



 


 
 
 








   

   








  
     





    

 



                 


  

  




 


 


 
 
 







  


  




   

 




 






 


 



 





 




 




 
 
 








 


 


 
 
 

 
 

 
 




 






  


  







You might also like