Clove oil

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

The Clove buds are obtained from the tree Eugenia caryophyllus Spreng ( syn: Syzygium
acomanticum)

OCCURRENCE:

 Cloves are now harvested primarily in Indonesia, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, and
Sri Lanka; they are also grown in India under the name Laung.
 In Indonesia it is called cengkeh or cengkih.

MEDICINAL USES:

 Clove oil is Antiseptic and Aromatic

 It is used in toothache and dental preparation.
 It is also used in the preparation of mouthwashes.

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:
  It is used as flavoring agent.
 It is used in perfumery industries.

CONSTITUENTS:

The clove oil contains:

 Volatile Oil
 Eugenol
 Acetyl Eugeno

The structure of Eugenol, Caryophyllene and Acetyl Eugenol are given below respectively:

LEMON OIL:
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

Lemon peel is obtained from the fresh ripe fruit of Citrus limon L.

Lemon belongs to the family Rutaceae.

OCCURRENCE:

 Lemon plant is cultivated in most countries in the world.

 But for the commercial lemon peel it is cultivated in Spain, Italy, Australia and West
Indies.
 It is also cultivated in California and Florida in USA.

MEDICINAL USES:

 It is strong Astringent.
 Lemon Oil is Stomachic and Carminative.
 It is used in Cooking.
 It is used as flavoring agent in medicine.

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:
  It is used in making cosmetic products like facial cleansing products.
 It is also used in perfumery industries.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT:

The main constituents of Lemon Oil are:

 Limonene
 Citronellal
 Linalool

The Structure of Limonene, Citronellal and Camphene are given below respectively:

LIMONENE
 CINNAMON OIL:

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

Cinnamon Oil is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and twigs of Cinnamon cassia
Blume.It belongs to the Family Lauraceae.

OCCURRENCE:

 It is also found in SriLanka and Burma.

 It is Cultivated in Cochin in India.

MEDICINAL USES:

 It is used as Astringent.
 It is also used as antiseptic and aromatic.

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:

 It is highly antioxidant.
 It is used in medicine and candies as flavoring agent.

CONSTITUENTS:

The Constituent of Cinnamon Oil are:

  Cinnamaldehyde
 Eugenol
 Caryophyllene
 Cinnamyl Acetate

The Structure of these constituents are given below respectively:

CINNAMALDEHYDE

EUGENOL

EUCALYPTUS OIL:
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

Eucalyptus Oil is obtained by steam distillation of the fresh leaves of various species of
Eucalyptus such as Eucalyptus globules, Eucalyptus polybractea, Eucalyptus smithii,
Eucalyptus viminalis and Eucalyptus australiana.

Eucalyptus oil belong to the family Myrtaceae.

OCCURRENCE:

 It is native of Australia.
 It is now cultivated in France, Spain, Protugal, and Brazil.

MEDICINAL USES:

 It is antiseptic, disinfectant, diuretic and expectorant.

 It is used as flavouring agent.

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:

 It is used in Ointments and Creams

 It is sometime used as Inhalant.

CONSTITUENTS:

The constituents of Eucalyptus Oil are

  Cineole

The structures of above constituent are given below:

CINEOLE

ORANGE OIL:
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

Sweet orange oil is obtained from the peels of the ripe fruit of Citrus aurantium. (var Sinensis)

Bitter orange oil is obatained from the peels of bitter oranges of Citrus aurantium. (var Amara)
Sweet and Bitter orange oil obtained from the family Rutaceae.

OCCURRENCE:

 Bitter orange oil is known occur in India.

 Sweet orange oil well known in Chineses origin.

MEDICINAL USES:

 Orange oil is used as an expectorant.

 It is also used as flavouring agent.

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:

 Orange oil is a powerful solvent and is strong enough to melt plastic.

 Orange oil can be used as a cleaning agent

CONSTITUENTS:

 Limonene
 Citral
 Citronellal
 Linalool

LIMONENE
 CITRAL

PEPPERMINT OIL:

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

Peppermint leaf is a dried leaf. It belongs to the family Labiateae.

OCCURRENCE:

 It is perinea plant growing wild in Europe, North Africa.

  Nowadays it is widely cultivated in subcontinent of Indo Pakistan.

MEDICINAL USES:

 It is carminative, aromatic and stimulant.

 It is also used as flavoring agent.

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:

 It is used for dermatitis.

 It acts as rubifacient..

CONSTITUENTS:

The constituents of Peppermint oil are :

 Menthol
 Menthone
 Piperitone
 Cineole
 Menthyl Acetate
 Jasmone

MENTHOL MENTHONE CINEOLE

CASTOR OIL:
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:
Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained from the castor bean technically castor seed as the castor
plant, Ricinus communis.

It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae.

OCCURRENCE:

 Castor oil is one of the most widely used plant extracts in the world.
 The plant hails from the warm regions of India, and now grows in most Mediterranean
and tropical zones.

MEDICINAL USES:

 It is used as laxative and purgative.

 It exerts anti-inflammatory effects.

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:

 It is used in pharmaceutical preparation as adhesives.

 It is also used as lubricating agent.

CONSTITUENTS:

The constituent of castor oil are:

 Ricinoleic acid
 Oleic acid
 Linoleic acid
 Linolenic acid
 Stearic acid
 Palmitic acid

RICINOLEIC ACID
 ANISEED OIL:

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

The official Aniseed oil is obtained from Pimpenella anisum.

However the part of oil is obtained from the fruits of Chinese Star anise, Illicium verum.

The family of Aniseed oil is Umbelliferae.

The family of Chinese star Anise is Illiaceae

OCCURRENCE:

 Aniseed Oil is evergreen tree about 4-5m high indigenous to the South-west province of
China..
MEDICINAL USES:

 Anise fruit is diuretic, carminative and is used to prevent flatuance and colic.
 It is used as flavoring agent in mouth and dental preparations.

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:

 Anise Oil is a wonderful perfumey addition in subtle quantities, especially in Citrus

blends or as a foundation to a Vanilla blend.

CONSTITUENTS:

The constituents are:

 Volatile oil, starch protein and fixed oil

 Main constituent is Anethole.
 Others are Chavicol, Methyl Chavicol and p-methoxyphenyl acetone.

ANETHOLE
 LAVENDER OIL:

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:

Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species
of lavender.

Two forms are distinguished, lavender flower oil and Lavandula latifolia.

OCCURRENCE:

 Lavender is native to the mountainous zones of the Mediterranean where it grows in

sunny, stony habitats.

MEDICINAL USES:

It can also be used in joint and muscle pain

PHARMACEUTICAL USES:
  It is used for its fragrance, used in soaps, shampoos, and sachets for scenting clothes.
 Diffuse or apply topically.

CONSTITUENTS:

The constituent are:

 Linalool
 Linalyl acetate
 Alpha pinene
 Limonene
 Cineole

LINALOOL PINENE