TERMINOLOGY

Calender

Machine in which paper is given a glazed finish by passing it between two or more
rolls, either on or off the paper machine

Calendered paper

Paper that has been smoothed and compacted between the rolls of a calender and is
thus more or less glossy (sharp or matt calendered). The effect produced in the
calender unit is the result of friction combined with temperature and pressure

Carbonless copy paper

Paper that permits making multiple copies without intervening layers of carbon paper.
The paper translates pressure into a dye reaction which transfers the image to the
copy. Carbonless copy papers are mainly used for continuous form sets, for cov-ered
pay slips, for vouchers to be dispatched by post and for payment forms. In the US
and some other countries, carbonless copy paper is also called NCR paper (= Non
Carbon Required)

Cigarette paper

This light weight, unsized paper (grammage 18 to 24g), converted to improve

glowing. It normally has a filler content of approx. 30%

Corrugated board

Corrugated board is produced by guiding a paper web, the corrugating medium or

fluting, through a slit between two corrugated rolls and pressing it into a waveform
through a combination of pressure and heat. In the same machine, an even paper
web (facing or liner) is then glued on to this corrugated paper on one or both sides.
See "Kraftliner".

Corrugating medium

Papers used as fluting for the production of corrugated board.

Duplex board

Duplex board consists of two layers, mostly made from waste paper pulp. It is used
for packaging purposes

Kraft paper
 High-strength paper made almost entirely of unbleached kraft pulp. Kraft paper is
suitable for the production of paper sacks and paper bags

Kraft pulp

Chemical wood pulp produced by digesting wood by the sulphate process

(q.v.).Originally a strong, unbleached coniferous pulp for packaging papers, kraft pulp
has now spread into the realms of bleached pulps from both coniferous and
deciduous woods for printing papers

Kraftliner

Paperboard of grammages of 120g and more, generally made from bleached or

unbleached sulphate pulp and used as an outer ply in corrugated board

Sack paper

See "Kraft paper"

Semi-chemical pulp

High yield pulp in which the fibres have been separated mechanically after a
preliminary chemical treatment; e.g. NSSC pulp
Produced in a similar way to TMP (thermo-mechanical pulp), but the wood particles
are chemically treated before entering the refiner. This pulp has properties suited to
tissue manufacture. Some chemi-thermo mechanical pulp (CTMP) pulp is used in
printing and writing grades. CTMP pulp is classified under semi-chemical pulps in the
Harmonised System of the Customs Cooperation Council. In the Food and
Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, as well as other industry
statistics, such chemi-thermo mechanical pulps are grouped with mechanical pulp.

Sulphate pulp

Chemical pulp produced by cooking wood in a liquor containing sodium hydroxide

and sodium sulphide

Sulphite pulp

Chemical pulp produced by cooking wood in a liquor containing sodium, magnesium,

ammonium or calcium bisulphite

Supercalendered (SC)
 Paper treated in a supercalender, usually separate from the paper machine; uncoated
magazine paper

Supercalendering

Treatment of paper on an off-machine supercalender to improve smoothness and

gloss

Surface treatment

Treating the surface of paper or board with size or coating colour

Testliner

Mainly produced from waste paper used as even facing for corrugated board or as
liner of solid board. They are often produced as duplex (two-layer) paper. The
grammage is higher than 125 gsm

Virgin fibre
Wood fibre never before used to make pulp, paper or board. Also primary fibre (cf. secondary
fibre)