L J Institute of Engineering and Technology

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Course Name: Audio Video Systems
Last Minute Question Bank
Date of Issue: 25/04/2011

VIDEO ENGINEERING

1. Justify the following statements with brief explanation

Important Note: Mention only concrete reasons if marks are less.
• The choice of 625 lines for TV transmission. Why is the total no. of lines kept odd in
all television system?
• Choice of rectangular frame with width to height ratio equal to 4/3 for transmission
and receiver.
• Space wave propagation is the only effective mode for TV signal radiation above
about 40MHz.
• The Colour difference signal (G-Y) is not selected for transmission.
• Sync pulses are included in top 25% of composite video signal.
• Durations of vertical and horizontal sync. Pulses are kept very much different.
• Vertical sync pulse is serrated.
• Pre and post equalizing pulses are included in vertical blanking period.
• Front porch and back porch are included in horizontal blanking period.
• Peak white level is kept at lower 10 to 12.5%.
• Picture to sync. Video (P/S) is kept 10/4.
• Trap circuits are used in IF amplifier stage of a TV receiver to attenuate 31.9MHz and
40.4MHz components.
• The negative modulation technique is suitable to TV transmission.
• Colour killer circuit is used in colour TV receiver.
• The primary colors in television are different from the primary colors used in
painting.
• The choice 3.579545MHz as the colour subcarrier in the NTSC system.
2. Answer the following questions.(can be asked for 3 to 4 marks)
• From B/W TV receiver identify the part from which signal is fed to following
controls of TV front panel.
(i) Brightness (ii) Contrast (iii) Vertical Hold
• Explain SAW filters working.
• What is necessity of scanning? Why carried out at a very fast rate?
• What do you understand by interlaced scanning? Show that it reduces flicker and
conserves bandwidth?
• Explain Y signal Matrix. Draw its block diagram and show that how it is possible to
generate Luminance and color Difference Signals.
• What is frequency interleaving? Explain the choice of subcarrier frequency?
 • Why the color difference signals in the NTSC colour system are modified to become I
and Q signals?
• Why PAM-D technique of averaging is superior than PAL-S?
• Why SECAM receiver does not need color and saturation controls?
• Draw block diagram of a color receiver comb filter.
• Draw elementary block diagram of monochrome television transmitter.
• Mention the advantages of HDTV.
• What does degaussing mean?
• State the advantages of AGC.
• Mention the advantages of Keyed AGC.
• Why Gamma Correction is necessary?
• What is the function of delay line in decoder?
• Explain the function of AFT.
• Why VSB system of transmission is preferred for TV systems?
• What is dc reinsertion?
• Explain the typical applications of Video Pattern Generator for testing and alignment
of a television receiver.
• Explain only the importance of ‘Vectroscope’ in checking the chroma section of
colour receiver.
• State the grassman’s Law.
3. Explain the following questions in brief ( Marks are more than 6 )
• Explain the SAW filter.
• Describe Electronic tuning.
• State the requirements of video amplifier.
• Draw the block diagram of PAL-D decoder.
• Draw and explain the block diagram of sound section of Television.what do you
understand by intercarrier sound signal? How the intercarrier sound signal is
processed to produce the sound signal.
• Draw and explain the ratio detector.
• Write a short note on
CCTV
HDTV
Digital VTR
4:3 Vs.16:9 for digital video
Vidicon camera tube
DVB
• State the requirements of Vertical deflection circuit.
• Draw the circuit of video detector and explain it.
• How does the MPEG video work?
• Explain the concept of 3D picture transmission?
• Discuss the basic principal of U and V signal separation.
• Explain the of data compression for multimedia applications.
• Draw diagram of RF tuner and explain how incoming signals from different stations
are translated to common VIF and SIF frequency.
 • Compare the salient features of all the three colour television standards.
• What do you understand by QAM?What is its significance in the formation of
chrominance signal?
• Sketch the complete pulse trains that follow at the end of both odd and even fields.
Fully label them and explain how the half line discrepancy is removed by insertion of
pre equalizing pulses.
• Sketch composite video signal waveform for atleast three successive lines. Label
fully and explain importance of each term.
• What do you understand by positive and negative modulation? List advantages and
disadvantages of each with respect to TV transmission.
• Explain the RGB matrixing is preferred in present day colour receivers? Describe
with the suitable diagrams how R ,G ,and B signals are recovered in SECAM
decoder.
• Describe the factors that influence the choice of intermediate frequencies in the TV
receiver.
• What are the building blocks of CA 3065.

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AUDIO ENGINEERING

1. Define:

• Acoustic Intensity level

• Acoustic Pressure Level
• Acoustic Power level
• Inverse square law
• Loudness
• Phon
• Overtones
• Timbre
• Intervals
• Octaves
• Harmonics
• Pitch
• Threshold of pain
• Threshold of hearing

2. What are the requirements of preamplifiers?

3. Write a short note on Amplifier Grounding & Audio compression.
4. Draw neat and clean block diagram of PA Systems and explain in detail.
5. Describe PA Installation plan for annual sports meet of your college.
6. W.R.S.N. on Sound Cards.
7. Explain the difference between disk based recording and magnetic recording.
8. Explain rotary head digital recorders.
9. Explain the working principle of a moving coil microphone with the help of a neat sketch. Give
typical values of its parameters and mention its applications.
10. Explain the parameters on which quality of a microphone depends. Give the values of these
parameters for moving coil, ribbon, crystal, condenser& carbon microphones.
11. Write a short note on

1. Lavalier microphone
2. Tie clip microphone
3. Wireless microphone
4. Noise microphone
5. Digital console
6. Sound Mixer

12. With the help of neat sketch explain the principle of working of a ribbon microphone. Why is it
known as velocity microphone? Explain the directivity pattern of ribbon microphone& discuss how
cardiod pattern can be obtained mention its applications.
13. What is sampling? Derive an expression for quantization error?
14what are the characteristics of human ear?
15. Compare the characteristics of loudspeaker and microphone.

16.Describe pulse code modulation. Where is it used?

17.What is meant by digital filtereing?Descirbe type of digital filtering?

18.What is a hi fi system? What are the requirements of a good hi fi system?