CPE442 – Computer Networks Chapter 2

1. Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the
associated URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS look-up is necessary to obtain the IP
address. Suppose that m DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from the
DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT or RTT1 , RTT2 , …, RTTm . Further suppose that the Web
page associated with the link contains 2 very small objects, consisting of a small amount of HTML
text. Let RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the object.
a. Assuming zero transmission time of the referenced objects and Persistent HTTP with pipelining
connection, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receives
the objects?
b. Suppose that that the Web page contains 10 very small referenced objects. Assuming zero
transmission time of the referenced objects, how much time elapses with:
i. Nonpersistent HTTP connections?
ii. Persistent HTTP without pipelining connections?
iii. Persistent HTTP with pipelining connections?

2. Consider Figure 2.12 in the text, for which there is an institutional network connected to the Internet.
Suppose that the average object size is 800,000 bits and that the average request rate from the
institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 1.6 requests per second. Also suppose that the amount of
time it takes from when the router on the Internet side of the access link forwards an HTTP request
until it receives the response (i.e.; the Internet delay) is 3 seconds on average. Model the total average
response time as the sum of the average access delay (that is, the delay from the Internet router to the
institution router) and the average Internet delay. For the average access delay, use  1    where
 is the average time required to send an object over the access link and  is the arrival rate of
objects to the access link.
a. Determine the traffic intensity of the access link.
b. Determine the total average response time.
c. Now suppose that a cache (i.e.; proxy server) is installed in the institutional LAN. Suppose that the
hit ratio is 0.6. Find the total response time.

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