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MULTI – ENGINE
FLIGHT TRAINING MANUAL

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GRYDER NETWORKS, LLC

Dan Gryder, CFII, MEI, ATP, AGI
DC-3 DC-9 CE-500 B-757 B-767 B-777
The Herpa DC-3 N143D
147 Sky Harbor Way
Griffin, GA 30224
678-688-7069… Office
678-371-2793…Text
www.TheDC-3Network.com
DC-3@earthlink.net
FACEBOOK: Dan Gryder

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction……………..……………………... 3

Normal Checklists………………......……….. 10

Emergency Checklists………….............…... 15

Airplane Flying Handbook (AMEL)............... 17

Piper Apache POH…………………………... 49

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INTRODUCTION

Are you ready?

Welcome to the world of advanced flight training that we know as multi-engine flight training.

The days that you will spend learning this material and flying these aircraft will be some of the
most challenging and rewarding in your flying career.

Our emphasis is on safety and being prepared for an event that may never actually happen to
you. The light twin represents a significant improvement in performance and an added safety
feature by having a second engine available. It also represents a significant new danger
because of the induced turning moment (yaw) imposed on the aircraft when one engine fails
(creates drag) with the other engine is still producing full power. The basic thrust of this course
involves preparing you as the pilot for that catastrophic failure – and emphasizing your overall
benefit in being ready for it when it does occur. R U E ?

This document has been designed to give you some advanced reading material in anticipation of
your arrival at our flight training facility in Griffin, Georgia.

Prior to your arrival, you should print out this PDF in its entirety and read through it several times.
This course material is the same regardless of the course that you are attempting to complete.

The multi engine courses that we currently offer are as follows:

• Private Pilot AMEL, with instrument privileges

• Private Pilot AMEL, without instrument privileges
• Commercial Pilot AMEL, with instrument privileges (existing Comm for ASEL)
• Commercial Pilot AMEL, without instrument privileges (existing Comm for ASEL)
• Commercial Pilot AMEL, with instrument privileges (no existing Comm for ASEL)
• Commercial Pilot AMEL, without instrument privileges (no existing Comm for ASEL)
• Airline Transport Pilot AMEL, with instrument privileges

The checklists included in this document are the ones you will be using in the airplane regardless
of the training course to be completed.

The checklists are to be used for all phases of flight that are not time critical. The only two "recall
items" that you will be required to know are for engine failure during takeoff before Vmc, and
engine failure after lift-off scenarios.

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ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF BEFORE Vmc:

Be able to recite the following: (aloud)

Throttles……. CLOSE
Brakes….…… APPLY

ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF:

Be able to recite the following: (aloud)

Engine failure!
Gear up
Identify
Verify
Feather
Blue line
Checklist

In being able to verbalize these sets of words aloud, you will in essence talk yourself in to what to
do, and you will actually follow your own commands! This works real well and is a technique
used by flight departments and major airlines around the world.

In addition to the two recall items, we have two simple "flows" that you should be able to perform.
A flow is a method of actually operating the aircraft by turning a set of controls or switches on or
off in a logical order and in a consistent manner. A printed checklist is then used to “confirm” that
the flow has been done correctly and that all appropriate controls have been positioned
appropriately. This is more of a “confirmation” after the work had been performed.

The after takeoff “flow” is as follows:

Gear up
25 / 25
Blue line
Boost pumps off
Landing light off
Checklist

The before landing “flow” is as follows:

Speed below 125 MPH

Gear down
3 green
Boost pumps on
Props forward
Flaps down
Landing light on

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The published speeds for the Piper Apache are in MPH and are listed as follows:

Vso 56 MPH
Vs1 62 MPH
Vmc 73 MPH
Vx 75 MPH
Vxse 85 MPH
Vy 100 MPH
Vyse 95 MPH
Vlo 125 MPH
Vle 125 MPH
Vfe 100 MPH
Vno 187 MPH
Vne 227 MPH
Va 130MPH

The normal and emergency checklists are included on the following pages and are also onboard
each aircraft.

The aircraft that we use for flight training are Piper PA-23 series. These aircraft were both built in
1958 and have been highly modified for flight training. Each aircraft has Lycoming O-320
engines and constant speed propellers and are rated at 160 HP per engine. The aircraft are
virtually identical with minor differences in interior and avionics layout. Each aircraft features a
Garmin radio package and an HSI.

N4001P

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Preflight
Inspection

N23GN
gn

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DIFFERENCES IN MULTI - ENGINE FLIGHT TRAINING PHILOSOPHIES

Since the creation of smaller light twin multi engine aircraft – convention has almost unanimously
adhered to a specific philosophy for flight training regarding the engine failure PROCEDURE.
This philosophy basically says that regardless of the phase of flight or the aircraft that you are in,
if an engine failure occurs you should accomplish the following:

Mixtures full forward

Propeller controls full forward
Throttles full forward
Flaps up
Gear up
Identify
Verify
Feather
Complete the engine failure checklist.

This method has served well and had been effective in many instances. However, this method
does leave some room for less than optimal performance in some cases. First, for any takeoff in
a light twin the flaps are already up. Second, many aircraft are equipped with turbo chargers or
methods of obtaining greater than ambient manifold power. If an engine has failed, there are
cases where a pilot would not be wise to select firewall power on the ONLY remaining power
source. Also, for an engine failure in cruise, it is not necessary to advance all six levers to the
firewall position. This could in effect cause both engines to not operate normally depending on
the altitude of the aircraft during the failure.

What we have refined now is one simple memory item that works regardless of the aircraft,
altitude, or phase of flight that the failure occurs.

This philosophy basically removes the first three steps of the traditional method and “saves” them
for the end.
Engine failure!
Gear up
Identify
Verify
Feather
Blue line
Checklist

The word “blue line” is designed to prompt the pilot to recheck airspeed. On takeoff, the flaps are
already up (see taxi and before takeoff checklists) and the engine control levers are already in
their desired takeoff positions. If the loss occurs later in the flight, a checking of speed may
prompt a pilot to carefully consider slowly adding power if necessary by advancing the prop
control first, then the throttle.

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You can see a video demonstration of this by clicking here:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avuhR_EVd_I

In this video the pilot is at cruise altitude when the failure occurs. He recognizes the failure and
selects gear up, then identifies, verifies, and feathers. Slowly after he has confirmed positive
control he recognizes the need for a bit more power and advances the throttle just slightly.

We think of this as “power as required”, eliminating the arbitrary possibly damaging effects of
mindlessly advancing all controls by rote memory regardless of the phase of flight.

In summary, if your failure occurs on takeoff, the 6 engine controls are already set to maximum
or the desired position. If the failure occurs later, it allows the pilot the time to ascertain carefully
how to treat that last remaining life saving powerplant that will have the task of carrying the
aircraft and its occupants back to a suitable field for landing.

The nature of our training course is very intense. Since there are no simulators for the PA-23
series aircraft, you can expect to experience numerous actual engine failures. Going through the
procedure of experiencing the failure and following the training will greatly enhance your abilities
and confidence. You will be ready.

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While the aircraft are very well equipped with Garmin radios and moving map displays, the thrust of the
course is very much on airmanship and aircraft control.

We look forward to flying and training with you! R U E ?

Dan Gryder
CFII, MEI, ATP

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BEFORE START
EXTERIOR PREFLIGHT…….……….. COMPLETE

PASSENGER BRIEFING.................... COMPLETE

AVIONICS MASTER....................................... OFF

CIRCUIT BREAKERS……………......... CHECKED

FUEL…………………………............. MAIN TANKS

FUEL CROSSFEED........................................ OFF

CARBURETOR HEAT..................................... OFF

GENERATOR SWITCHES................................ ON

LANDING GEAR HANDLE..................... NEUTRAL

FLAP HANDLE………………………….…… DOWN

AUX HYDRAULIC PUMP………..….………. PUMP

FLAP HANDLE………………….……….. NEUTRAL

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ENGINE START
MIXTURES.................................................... RICH

THROTTLES........................................... 1/8 INCH

MASTER SWITCH………………...................... ON

LANDING GEAR LIGHTS....................... 3 GREEN

FUEL QUANTITY……........................... CHECKED

BOOST PUMPS............................ ON / CHECKED

BOOST PUMPS.............................................. OFF

MAGNETOS (4)…………...…………..………… ON

START LEFT ENGINE

LEFT ENGINE OIL PRESSURE............ CHECKED

MIXTURE....................................................... LEAN

THROTTLE............................................. 1000 RPM

START RIGHT ENGINE

RIGHT ENGINE OIL PRESSURE.......... CHECKED

MIXTURE....................................................... LEAN

THROTTLE............................................. 1000 RPM

AVIONICS MASTER.......................................... ON

ATIS / ASOS.............................................. OBTAIN

ALTIMETERS……………………...................... SET

NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS........................ SET

TRANSPONDER……....................................... ALT

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TAXI
FLAPS……………….......................................... UP

BRAKES................................................ CHECKED

TURN COORDINATOR......................... CHECKED

ARTIFICIAL HORIZON………............... CHECKED

FLIGHT CONTROLS............................. CHECKED

DIRECTIONAL GYRO…….............................. SET

BOOST PUMPS............................ ON / CHECKED

BOOST PUMPS.............................................. OFF

RUNUP
MIXTURES..................................................... RICH

THROTTLES................................................... 1800

PROPELLERS………………....................... CYCLE

MAGNETOS............................................... CHECK

CARBURETOR HEAT……......................... CHECK

GENERATORS........................................... CHECK

ENGINE GAUGES...................................... CHECK

SUCTION.................................................... CHECK

FUEL PRESSURE...................................... CHECK

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BEFORE TAKEOFF
DIRETIONAL GYRO........................................ SET

TRIM................................................................ SET

FLAPS………………......................................... UP

FUEL PUMPS................................................... ON

LANDING LIGHT……....................................... ON

TRAFFIC.................................................... CHECK

ENGINE FAILURE PLAN.............................. R U E

CLIMB
GEAR................................................................. UP

POWER............................................................ SET

AIRSPEED………………....................... BLUE LINE

BOOST PUMPS............................................... OFF

LANDING LIGHT……....................................... OFF

CRUISE
POWER............................................................ SET

PROPS.......................................................... SYNC

MIXTURES…………….................... AS REQUIRED

ENGINE INSTRUMENTS............................ CHECK

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APPROACH
ATIS / ASOS.............................................. OBTAIN

RADIOS............................................................ SET

NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS……….............. SET

BEFORE LANDING
GEAR......................................... DOWN / 3 GREEN

BOOST PUMPS................................................. ON

PROPELLERS……………............... AS REQUIRED

FLAPS............................................. AS REQUIRED

LANDING LIGHT……......................................... ON

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SECURING CHECKLIST
MAGNETOS..................................................... OFF

FUEL PUMP..................................................... OFF

GENERATOR………………............................. OFF

FUEL SELECTOR............................................ OFF

HEATER FAN……........................................... OFF

LANDING LIGHT.............................................. OFF

CROSSFEED
FUEL SELECTOR INOP ENGINE..................... ON

BOOST PUMP INOP ENGINE........................... ON

CROSSFEED VALVE………………................... ON

OP. ENGINE FUEL SELECTOR VALVE.......... OFF

UN-CROSSFEED
OP. ENGINE FUEL SELECTOR........................ ON

CROSSFEED VALVE....................................... OFF

BOOST PUMP INOP ENGINE…….…….......... OFF

FUEL SELECTOR INOP ENGINE.................... OFF

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AIRSTART
OP. ENGINE FUEL SELECTOR......................... ON

CARBURETOR HEAT....................................... OFF

INOP ENGINE MAGNETOS……........................ ON

AVIONICS......................................................... OFF

INOP ENGINE MIXTURE……......................... RICH

INOP ENGINE THROTTLE........................ 1/8 INCH

INOP ENGINE PROP............................. FORWARD

INOP ENGINE FUEL PUMP............................... ON

INOP ENGINE GENERATOR............................. ON

STARTER................................................. ENGAGE

RPM........................................................ MONITOR

AVIONICS.......................................................... ON

CHT / EGT.............................................. MONITOR

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PIPER APACHE OWNER’S MANUAL

NOTE:

This is an original copy of the Pilot’s Operating Handbook of the Apache from 1958. It has not
been updated and is not intended for use in flight planning. This book is for reference only.

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