SKYTEL note: ATLIS Wireless, the operats support LLC for Skybridge Spectrum Foundation and supporting

LLCs in large part funded and intiated this report. This is labelled "final" but accordiing to the authors to SkyTel,
some adjustments and further peer review are still taking place (as of 5.10.2011).

INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

High Accuracy Location Based Services Cost Benefit

Study: Final Report

Adam Goodliss

Christian Manasseh

Venkatesan Ekambaram

Raja Sengupta

Adib Kanafani

Kannan Ramchandran

Research Report
UCB-ITS-WP-2010-1

March 2011
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ATLIS Wireless LLC is the operations support company for:

Skybridge Spectrum Foundation,
Telelsaurus Holdings GB LLC,
Intelligent Transportation & Monitoring Wireless LLC,
V2G LLC,
Environmentel LLC, and
Verde Systems LLC
of Berkeley California
(together sometimes called "SKYTEL" such as on Scribd).

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Adjustments in text above may be made (SkyTel suggest) with regard to adverse affects of RF multipath, even where sufficient
satellite view is available. Highly reliable and decimeter(s) level accuracy in urban core environments will require multiple
GPS-GNSS augmentation methods, it appeas. Even when the quality of service may be achieved by ordinary operation of
GNSS plus certain augmentation, for the most critical safety and flow purposes, redudancy is highly desirable.

SkyTel believes that for C-HALO in urban core areas for accuracy (and everywhere for redundancy) for critical ITS, GPS-
GNSS augmentation is likely to need:
(1) N-RTK natiowide, as the foundation. (Even where other wide area augmentation is possible now, and perhaps less
expensive initially, N-RTK is more accurate and the combine benefits will justify the increased accuracy and redundancy. Like
increased data bandwitdh is most always quickely put to use and justified, similarly, increased locartion accuracy will likely also
be quickly used and cost justified. Both are "game changes" in fundamental industry and society.
(2) Further augumentation with one or more of: (a) Ultra Wide Band, (b) INS and (c) on-road markers, on-vehicle lidar and
sensing, (d) Meteor Burst Communications precising timing and location techniques (not yet proven, but core components
demonstratred), and (e) vehicle to vehicle cooperation in improving and checking accuracy, where the vehicles with best
accuracy correct others, and each can determine relative position of others (e.g., see T"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45875691/Distributed-High-Accuracy-Peer-To-Peer-Localization-in-Mobile-Multipath-Environments-Kannan-Venky-UC-Berkeley .
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ITS Location
Accuracy Min Allowable Required
Applications% Safety% Services Transmission%
Requirements% Frequency% Latency% Range%
Necessary%
Units%
(Y/N)% (Y/N)% (m)% (Event/Periodic)% (Hz)% (msec)% (m)%
Traffic Signal
Violation
Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 250"
Warning*"

Stop Sign
Violation
Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 250"
Warning"

Curve Speed
Warning*" Y" Y" 1" P" 1" 1000" 200"

Emergency
Electronic Brake
Y" Y" 1" E" 10" 100" 300"
Lights*"

Adv. Warning
Info/Weather &
" " " " " " "
Road Conditions"

Approaching
Emergency
Y" Y" 5" E" 1" 1000" 1000"
Vehicle Warning"

Emergency
Vehicle Signal
Y" Y" 5" E" N/A" 1000" 1000"
Preemption"

SOS Services"
Y" Y" 25" E" 1" 1000" 400"

Post-Crash
Warning" Y" Y" 1" E" 1" 500" 300"

In-Vehicle
Signage" Y" Y" 5" P" 1" 1000" 200"

Work Zone
Warning" Y" N" N/A" P" 1" 1000" 300"

In-Vehicle Amber
Alert" Y" N" N/A" E" 1" 1000" 250"

Safety Recall
Notice" Y" N" N/A" E" N/A" 5000" 400"

JIT Repair
Notification" N" N" N/A" E" N/A" N/A" 400"

Low Parking
Structure
Y" Y" 5" P" 1" 1000" 100"
Warning"

,T"
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"

ITS Location
Accuracy Min Allowable Required
Applications% Safety% Services Transmission%
Requirements% Frequency% Latency% Range%
Necessary%
Units%
(Y/N)% (Y/N)% (m)% (Event/Periodic)% (Hz)% (msec)% (m)%
Wrong Way
Driver Warning" Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 500"

Low Bridge
Warning" Y" Y" 5" P" 1" 1000" 300"

V2V Road
Feature
Y" Y" 5" E" 2" 500" 400"
Notification"

Cooperative
Glare Reducation" N" Y" 1" P" 1" 1000" 400"

Instant
Messanging" N" N" N/A" E" N/A" 1000" 50"

Vehicle-Based
Road Condition
Y" Y" 25" E" 2" 500" 400"
Warning"

Visibility
Enhancer" Y" Y" 1" P" 2" 100" 300"

Road Condition
Warning" Y" N" N/A" E" 1" 1000" 200"

Highway Merge
Applications" " " " " " " "

Highway Merge
Assistant" Y" N" N/A" P" 10" 100" 250"

Intelligent On-
Ramp Metering" N" N" N/A" E" 1" 1000" 100"

Blind Merge
Warning" Y" N" N/A" P" 10" 100" 200"

Left Turn
Assistant*" Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 300"

Stop Sign
Movement
Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 300"
Assistance*"

Pedestrian
Crossing
Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 200"
Information"

Collision Warning
Applications" " " " " " " "

Pre-Crash
Sensing*" Y" Y" 1" E" 50" 20" 50"

Cooperative
Forward Collision
Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 150"
Warning*"

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ITS Location
Accuracy Min Allowable Required
Applications% Safety% Services Transmission%
Requirements% Frequency% Latency% Range%
Necessary%
Units%
(Y/N)% (Y/N)% (m)% (Event/Periodic)% (Hz)% (msec)% (m)%
Cooperative
Collision Warning" Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 150"

Highway/Rail
Collision Warning" Y" Y" 1" E/P" 1" 1000" 300"

Intersection
Collision Warning" Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 300"

Adapative
Headlight Aiming" Y" Y" 1" P" 1" 1000" 200"

Adaptive
Drivetrain
N" Y" 5" P" 1" 1000" 200"
Management"

Lane Change
Warning*" Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 150"

Blind Spot
Warning" Y" Y" 1" P" 10" 100" 150"

Corridor
Management" " " " " " " "

Cooperative
Vehicle-Highway
Automation Y" Y" 5" P" 50" 20" 100"
System"

Cooperative
Adaptive Cruise
Y" Y" 5" P" 10" 100" 250"
Control"

Intelligent Traffic
Flow Control" N" Y" 5" E" 1" 1000" 250"

Free-Flow Tolling"
N" Y" 1" E" N/A" 50" 50"

Private
Applications" " " " " " " "

Enhanced Route
Guidance &
N" Y" 1" E" N/A" 1000" 200"
Navigation"

Point of Interest
Notification" N" Y" 5" P" 1" 1000" 400"

Map Downloads
& Updates" N" N" N/A" E/P" 1" 1000" 400"

GPS Correction"
N" N" N/A" P" 1" 1000" 400"

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" Low" Mid" High"
Curve Speed Warning" 20.00%" 40.00%" 70.00%"
Emergency Electronic Brake Lights" 10.00%" 25.00%" 50.00%"
Highway/Rail Collision Warning" 10.00%" 25.00%" 50.00%"
Intersection Collision Warning" 25.00%" 50.00%" 75.00%"
Left Turn Assistant" 25.00%" 50.00%" 75.00%"
Merge/Lane Change Applications" 15.00%( 35.00%( 60.00%(
Stop Sign Movement Assistance" 25.00%" 50.00%" 75.00%"
Free Flow Tolling" " 70.00%" "
Intelligent Traffic Control" " 15.00%" "

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Adam, my answers to your questions below are in Red

David J. Beiter, PE /SIT, Transportation Engineer 2

ODOT Office of Aerial Engineering and Surveying
1602 West Broad St, Columbus, Ohio 43223
Voice: (614)-275-1372 FAX: (614)-275-1673
e-mail: dave.beiter@dot.state.oh.us

Adam Goodliss <agoodliss@gmail.com> To <Dave.Beiter@dot.state.oh.us>

10/20/2010 11:59 AM cc
Subject Re: RTK/CORS Network Cost Information UC Berkeley Research

Dave,

Thanks so much for getting back to me. I just want to clarify what you wrote to make sure I understand you
correctly, and then ask a couple questions to follow up.

From your summary, I understand the base towers cost ~$2K fully loaded (installation, crew, fixed cost, etc.) and
the mount cost fully loaded, if put on a building, cost $500. This does not include the receiver or antenna.
The $2k and $500.00 cost detailed was for materials only, labor costs are not figured in

Follow up questions:
Are there any estimated maintenance costs of such a system? Are the on a per tower basis? Maintenance is a
fairly low cost, the only "normal" maint items are the battery back-ups that are replaced every 2 yrs approx
$150.00 / station.
Am I correct in assuming that the receiver is what is used by the end user? The end user is therefore responsible
for the cost of this equipment and any data plan necessary. For the rovers, yes. Each base (CORS) has a GPS
receiver and antenna, and yes the end users are required to pay for their own data plan.
What is the antenna’s purpose? Are those the responsibility of the end user or the DOT? The antenna is the device
that collects the GPS signal, each CORS has one. These are the responsibility of the DOT
Do you have any range of costs for receivers and antennas? I am assuming the range may be significant
depending on what brand and function it is meant to serve. A high end GNSS receiver and antenna (Geodetic
Grade) (Like what we have on our stations) will run around $18k
How many users are on your system currently? How long has it been operational? Is there an industry
(agriculture, construction, etc.) that dominates the network? We currently have 964 users on our system. It has
been operational since 2004. Our users are, in order of prevalence : Surveyors, Agricultural, GIS users,
Construction machine control. Surveyors are, right now our biggest users but the Ag market has come on strong
in that last few years and I expect it to be our biggest user in the near future.

Adam, if you have any further questions, or need clarification, just let me know or give me a call

Thanks
DJB

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Again, thanks for the timely response. Look forward to hearing from you soon.

Cheers,
Adam

On 10/18/10 5:29 AM, "Dave.Beiter@dot.state.oh.us" <Dave.Beiter@dot.state.oh.us> wrote:

We built our Trimble VRS network completely in house, the Concrete monuments with foundations extending down
at least 10' at 3' diameter cost us approximately $2000.00 each in materials, with a three man crew for 3 partial days.
Our building mount stations cost about $500.00 in materials and only took us 1 day to complete with the 3 man
crew. Please note that these costs do not include the receiver or antenna.

If you need anything else, let me know

Thanks
DJB

David J. Beiter, PE /SIT, VRS/CORS system Manager

ODOT Office of Aerial Engineering and Surveying
1602 West Broad St, Columbus, Ohio 43223
Voice: (614)-275-1372 FAX: (614)-275-1673
e-mail: dave.beiter@dot.state.oh.us

Adam Goodliss <agoodliss@gmail.com> 10/14/2010 07:29 PM

To Adam Goodliss <agoodliss@gmail.com>

Subject: RTK/CORS Network Cost Information - UC Berkeley Research

Hello, My name is Adam Goodliss and I am currently a graduate student, in transportation engineering, at the
University of California, Berkeley. I have been working on a research project revolving around analyzing the costs
and benefits of high accuracy location data with regards to intelligent transportation systems. You can find more
information at this website, http://ucbchalo.wordpress.com/ <http://ucbchalo.wordpress.com/> . I have contacted
you specifically due to your involvement with CORS/RTK networks. As part of our research we are looking into N-
RTK solutions among others. I was wondering if you had additional cost details (most not available on your
website) from an infrastructure/maintenance point of view, ie. the cost of a tower, installation cost, etc. Ultimately, I
want to estimate the cost of implementing N-RTK networks of differing sizes and possibly on a national scale.

I also realize that you could have possibly worked with Trimble or Leica Geosystems so if they would be more
suited to deal with this type of question please advise accordingly. If you do not have this information, but know
someone within your organization that does I would greatly appreciate being put in touch with them.

Thanks in advance, and if you have additional questions please do not hesitate to be in touch via email or at
781.888.8033. -Adam

!E>1C%("#E%;-'='%Z1CC12>)%-#%5.>E%9##.C1++R%

Adam,

The Iowa network cost approximately $1.70 million, and it consists of 80 reference stations. Each reference station
cost approximately $21,250 which included installation.

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In the first 1.75 years of operation it cost approximately $60,000 for equipment repairs and replacements due to
lightning/power surges. Software and firmware upgrades run approximately $80,000/year.

Let me know if you need any additional information.

Regards,

Steve Milligan
Statewide RTN Coordinator
515-239-1981
515-290-2831 cell

From: Adam Goodliss <agoodliss@gmail.com>

To: Milligan, Steven [DOT]
Sent: Fri Oct 15 12:21:08 2010
Subject: Re: RTK/CORS Network Cost Information - UC Berkeley Research

Steve,

Thanks for the timely response. I appreciate any information you are able to share with me.

-Adam

On 10/15/10 6:47 AM, "Milligan, Steven [DOT]" <Steven.Milligan@dot.iowa.gov> wrote:

Adam,

I'm not in the office today, but I will get this information together and send it to you.

Steve Milligan
Statewide RTN Coordinator
515-239-1981
515-290-2831 cell

From: Adam Goodliss <agoodliss@gmail.com>

To: Adam Goodliss <agoodliss@gmail.com>
Sent: Thu Oct 14 18:19:09 2010
Subject: RTK/CORS Network Cost Information - UC Berkeley Research

Hello,

My name is Adam Goodliss and I am currently a graduate student, in transportation engineering, at the University of
California, Berkeley. I have been working on a research project revolving around analyzing the costs and benefits of

1A"
"
"

high accuracy location data with regards to intelligent transportation systems. You can find more information at this
website, http://ucbchalo.wordpress.com/.

I have contacted you specifically due to your involvement with CORS/RTK networks. As part of our research we
are looking into N-RTK solutions among others. I was wondering if you had additional cost details (most not
available on your website) from an infrastructure/maintenance point of view, ie. the cost of a tower, installation cost,
etc. Ultimately, I want to estimate the cost of implementing N-RTK networks of differing sizes and possibly on a
national scale.

I also realize that you could have possibly worked with Trimble or Leica Geosystems so if they would be more
suited to deal with this type of question please advise accordingly. If you do not have this information, but know
someone within your organization that does I would greatly appreciate being put in touch with them.

Thanks in advance, and if you have additional questions please do not hesitate to be in touch via email or at
781.888.8033.

-Adam

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