Earth’s atmosphere contains mainly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).

The rest one percent

contains carbon dioxide and some inert gases (argon, helium, neon, etc.). In the atmosphere
you can also find some sulphur dioxide, ammonium, carbon monoxide, ozone and water
vapor, besides contaminant gases, salt, smoke, dust and volcanic ash.

The Earth receives energy from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. 30% of the
incoming energy is reflected to the space, while the rest is absorbed warming the surface and
the atmosphere.

The absorbed energy leaves int he form of IR radiation, warms the atmosphere, but the
absorbing surfaces get cool. The annually scale of the absorbed and reflected energy is 0. If it
was not so, the temperature of Earth would be rising constantly.

The greenhouse effect enters at this point. The greenhouse effect is a process by which
thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and
is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface,
energy is transferred to the surface and the lower atmosphere. As a result, the temperature
there is higher than it would be if direct heating by solar radiation were the only warming
mechanism. The strength of this effect depends on several things: the radiation of Sun, the
concentration of greennhouse gases in the atmosphere and the density of the atmosphere.

The word ’greenhouse effect’ is used for both natural and artificial processes. Greenhouse
gases existed in the atmosphere much longer than mankind appeared, so greenhouse effect
had been taken place earlier, too.

The problem started when modern society started burning fossil fuel, exterminating forests
and trying to multiply agricultural regions to be able to cover the extended foodstuff
necessity. These raised the amount of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogene dioxide and other
greenhouse gases in the air.

Before the great development of the industries in the eighteens century the level of carbon-
dioxid in the atmosphere was about 280 ppm (parts-per-million). But the end of this century
this level was about 320 ppm, and nowadays it’s increasing. At this moment this rate is 350
ppm or higher.
The carbon-dioxid the result of the funaces, the heavy industy factories, the burning of fuel
fossils, and the plants, because though during the photosysthesis the plants absorb the
carbon-dioxid, but during the burning disgorge it.

The nitrogen-oxids come from the waste gas of vehicles, and the great chemical industries in
the Thord World. A big problem furthermore the using of chemical fertilizers.

A really grim and terrifying prediction of some scientists is the concentration of glasshouse-
effect gases will be over 560 ppm in year 2030, that is twice of the level before the begining
of the development of the industries.

The greenhouse-effect occurs the global warm, that changes our climates.

One of the main protector system of the Earth is the ozone layer that defecates all of the the
ultra-viola A, the main part of ultra-viola B, and the fewest of ultra-viola C radiances,
because those radiations are so agressive and cause mutations.

But on the other hand this system is really sensitive: if any of gases, that deplete the ozone
layer, go into this layer, the ozone transforms to other molecules, and can’t continue its
function.

The hole on the ozone layer called ozone holes, on that place of the stratosphaera, where is
not enough ozone mulecules. We gauge that concentration of ozone in Dopler unit.

The ozone holes occured by dichlor-difluor-methane (FREON-12), HBr(hidrogen-bromide)

and HCl (hidrogen-bromide) gases, carbon-monoxide, sulfur-dioxide, and the much of
nitrogen-oxids!

If the economical-system is damaged, the network of it is damaged also!

The ozone holes grows from day to day, now about 4,6% of the stratosphaera is thinner than
220 Dobson units.