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VI - Part 3 Annex A Calculation of the Overflow Line Chapter 6

GL 2008 Page A–1

Annex A

Calculation of the Overflow Line

1. Formula characters 3. Calculation of the pressure losses in the


overflow line
Δp = loss of pressure [Pa]
The calculation of the pressure losses in the overflow
λ = coefficient of pipe friction 1 [-] line is made in consideration of the following parame-
L = length of the straight pipe [m] ters:
di = inside pipe diameter [m] − maximum allowable viscosity of the fuel oil at
bunkering
da = outside pipe diameter [m]
dgl = equivalent pipe diameter [m] − density 3 of the fuel oil related to the temperature
at bunkering
w = velocity of flow [m/s]
ρ = density [kg/m³] 3.1 Calculation of the dynamical pressure
losses
ς = resistance coefficient 2 [-]
The loss of pressure in a pipeline results from the
hgeod = geodetic height [m] resistance behaviour of the straight pipe lengths and
V = volume flow [m³/s] their fittings for changes in direction, cross section and
flow as well as from their components (valves, sight
A = cross section of pipe [m²] glasses) and can be determined as follows:
Ad = cross section of pipe running full L ρ 2
Δp = λ ⋅ ⋅ w for straight pipe length (1)
U = wetted circumference [m] di 2
g = acceleration due to gravity [m/s²] ρ
Δp = ς ⋅ ⋅ w2 for the fittings (2)
Re = Reynolds number [-] 2
Rekr = critical Reynolds number (2320) From formulae (1) and (2) results the dynamical pres-
sure loss of a pipe section, since:
ν = kinematic viscosity [m²/s]
c = correction factor [-] ⎡⎛ L ⎞ ρ ⎤
Δpdyn = Σ ⎢⎜ λ + Σ ςn ⎟ ⋅ ⋅ w n 2 ⎥ (3)
s = thickness of pipe [mm] ⎣⎢⎝ d n ⎠ 2 ⎥⎦
Δs L
= tolerances of wall thickness [mm] λ⋅ = resistance coefficient for the straight pipe
dn length of inside diameters d1…..dn
2. Calculation of the overflow line Σ ςn = sum of the individual resistance coeffi-
The overflow line is to be so designed that the dy- cients for fittings and components in pipe
namic and static pressure losses due to flow through sections of flow rate w1….wn
the line with the topping-up rate will not exceed the
design pressure of the storage tanks. 3.2 Correction factor and equivalent diameter
This means that The allowable tolerances for pipes given in the stan-
dards are to be taken into consideration by means of a
Δpges = Δpdyn + Δpstat < design pressure
correction factor.
This can be approximately calculated as follows:

––––––––––––––
1 In the systems handled in these Guidelines laminar flow
(Re < Rekr) can be assumed ––––––––––––––
2 The Zeta values needed for the calculation are to be taken from 3 In the calculation the density is given with minimum 1000
recognized standards or publications [kg/m3]
Chapter 6 Annex A Calculation of the Overflow Line VI - Part 3
Page A–2 GL 2008

5 Δpdyn = const.
⎡ 1 ⎤
c = ⎢ ⎥ (4)
⎢1 − Δs ⎛ d ⎞ − single volume flows add up to the total volume
⋅ ⎜ a − 1⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ s ⎝ di ⎠ ⎥⎦ flow
V = V1 + V2 + …. Vn
Equation (4) put in equation (3), results in:
The solution of the individual equations (3) can only
⎡⎛ L ⎞ ρ ⎤ be found by iteration, since λ = f(Re) and Re = f(w).
Δpdyn = Σ ⎢⎜ λ ⋅ + Σ ςn ⎟ cn ⋅ ⋅ w n 2 ⎥ (5)
⎣⎢⎝ dn ⎠ 2 ⎥⎦
3.2.2 Pressure losses for pipes connected in se-
Where cn are the correction values for d1….dn pipe ries
diameters.
Analogous to 2.2.1 the pressure losses for the individ-
Equation (1) also applies to non-circular cross sections ual pipes are to be determined according to equation
if instead of the inside diameter di the equivalent di- (3).
ameter dgl is put in:
The pressure loss of all pipes results from the sum of
4 ⋅ Ad all individual pressure losses:
dgl = (6)
U
Δpdyn = Δpdyn1 + Δpdyn2 + …… Δpdynn
3.2.1 Pressure losses for pipes connected in par-
allel 4. Calculation of statical pressure losses
If two or more overflow pipe lines are lead from a The statical pressure loss results from the geodetic
storage tank to the collecting manifold, the following heights of the overflow pipelines, measured between
applies: tank top and overflow summit (peak) of the pipes.
− same pressure loss: This is to be determined as follows:
Δpstat = hgeod ⋅ g ⋅ ρ (7)

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