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[CO22/SQP158] 1
©
SECTION A
I
A N M L K J
20 kN 20 kN 15 kN 10 kN 10 kN
42.5 kN 6 @ 2 m = 12 m
Figure Q1
2. (a) Describe the main stages in the treatment of drinking water which is
abstracted from lowland rivers. 5
(b) State why slow sand filters are commonly used in drinking water
treatment and briefly describe the operation of such filters. 3
(8)
2m × 2m
2m
sluice gate
water tank
empty
2m
channel
Figure Q3
3m
6m
Figure Q4
5. (a) Explain how the folding of rocks could have occurred and sketch two
types of fold commonly found. 4
(b) Explain how geological faults could have occurred and sketch two types
of fault commonly found. 4
(8)
6. (a) Figure Q6(a) shows the outline of a simply supported timber beam, its
loading and the support reactions. The beam is to be 75 mm wide and
300 mm deep.
(i) Using the Macaulay method, show that the maximum deflection
occurs at approximately 2.05 m from support A. 8
(ii) Determine the value of the maximum deflection if the Modulus of
Elasticity (E) is 6500 N/mm2 and the Second Moment of Area
(Ixx) = 169 × 106 mm4. 3
3 kN 4 kN 1.5 kN/m
1.0 kN/m
1m 1m 1m
A 4m
Figure Q6(a)
(b) If the timber in the beam in (a) is Grade C24 and the loading is to be
medium term:
(i) check the suitability of the section in bending; 7
(ii) check the suitability of the section in deflection, using the value
obtained in (a)(ii). 2
(20)
440 440
215
Figure Q9(b)
I Design data:
Characteristic loading:
Imposed – 5 kN/m2
4 m effective span
Finishes – 1 kN/m2
k
thic Unit weight of
0 concrete – 24 kN/m3
b 20
sla
span
.
slab
r.c Exposure – moderate
fcu = 40 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
I fyv = 250 N/mm2
7 m effective span
200 slab
300 wide
×
Section I–I 500 deep
beam
Figure Q10(a)
(i) Considering bending only, check the suitability of the given slab
thickness as a singly reinforced section and design the main and
transverse reinforcement for the slab.
Assume T10 bars for the main reinforcement. 6
(ii) The rectangular beams have an effective span of 7 m and their main
reinforcement at midspan consists of 4 T20 bars near the bottom
face.
Determine the spacing required for R8 shear links, near the
support, assuming that the beam effective depth is 450 mm and that
only two of the T20 bars at midspan are carried through and
anchored at the supports. 6
(b) It is proposed to open a new waste disposal landfill site on the outskirts of
a small town.
(i) Briefly describe two of the main adverse environmental impacts
that the project might have on the local community. 4
(ii) For each of the above impacts, briefly describe one effective
measure that could be adopted to reduce that impact. 4
(20)
[CO22/SQP158] 11
©
SECTION A
Q Solution Marks
1 a. Joint A − AB = 42.5 kN compression AN = 0
Joint B − BA = 42.5 kN compression BN cos 45 = 42.5
thus BN = 60.10 kN tension BC = 42.5 kN compression 3
b. Section XX − DL cos 45 + 20 + 20 − 42.5 = 0
thus DL = 3.54 kN tension
ML = DE × 2 + 20 × 2 + 20 × 4 − 42.5 × 6 = 0
thus DE = 67.5 kN compression
Section YY − DM + 20 + 20 − 42.5 = 0
thus DM = 2.5 kN compression. 5
X
B C Y D E F G H
A I
N M L K J
Y
2m
hp
P2
F1
F
2m
F2
1m
m
19.62 19.62
P
P4
Total 40
6 5
1
2.4 m 2.5
5.5 8
thus Mmax = 6 × 2.4 − 3 × 1.4 − 2 × 1.4 − 2.5 × 0.4 × 0.2 = 7.2 kNm
Perm bending stress = 7.5 × 1.25 × 1.00 = 9.38 N/mm2
T7 T13 K7
Actual bending stress = 7.2 × 106 × 150 / 169 × 106 = 6.39 < 9.38 7
Actual deflection = 11.16 mm
Perm deflection = 0.003 × 4000 = 12 mm > 11.16 mm 2
Total 20
Q Solution Marks
7 a. Flexible pavement: is one in which the surfacing and roadbase
materials are bound with bituminous binder.
The roadbase is the main structural layer. 2
Functions of layers:
Total 20
Q Solution Marks
8 a. Q = A1v1 (entry) = A2v2 (outlet) 1
where A1 = π × 0.452/4 = 0.159 m2, and A2 = π × 0.152/4 = 0.0177 m2
v1 = Q/A1 = 0.3/0.159 = 1.89 m/s & v2 = Q/A2 = 0.3/0.0177 = 16.95 m/s 4
b.
A
110 m
L=3
000 m
B
Total 20
Q Solution Marks
9 a. (i) Classification: b/T = 5.1 < 15, d/t = 12.7 < 39 thus non-slender
T = 20.5 mm thus design strength = 265 N/mm2
l/ryy = 3500/53.4 = 65.5 — T25 — T27c — pc = 185 N/mm2
Safe Load = 185 × 11000/1000 = 2035 kN 6
(ii) l/t = 3500/300 = 11.67 < 15 thus short
2035 × 1000 = 0.35 × 40 (300 × 300 − Asc) + 0.70 × 460 × Asc
thus Asc = 2516 mm2 − % = 2516 × 100/300 × 300 = 2.8 %
use 4 − T25 + 4 − T20 = 2588 mm2
transverse = 25/4 say R8 at 12 × 20 = 225 mm pitch 6
Total 20
Total 20