| PeT ey Northdonning 5 Pl | Heedwell fake a eee ry VIVEK HIGH SCHOOL SecTorR 3s, a “i CHAMDIGARH, INDIATABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Executive Summary 2.0 Structural Desian 2.1 External Configuration 2.2 Internal Arrangement 2.3 Construction Sequence 2.4 Asteroid Mining 2.5. Descriptions of docks 3.0 Operations And Infrastructure 3.1 Construction Materials Sources 3.2 Community Infrastructure 3.3. Space Infrastructure 3.4 Animal Feed and Facilities 3.5 Innovative Materials 4.0 Human Factors 4.1. Community Design 4.2 Residential Design 4.3. Work Environments 4.4 Neighborhoods 4.5 Entertainment and Recreation 5.0 Automation Design and Services 5.1 Automation of Construction Process 5.2 Facility Automation 5.3 Habitability and Community Automation 5.4 Automated House Construction 5.5 Automation in Mining and Material Harvesting 6.0 Schedule and Costs 6.1 Design and Construction Schedule 6.2 Costs 01 02 02 05 08 09 410 11 ah) 12 18 19 20 241 2 23 24 27 28 29 29 30 32 36 37 39 39 40OS _ Northdonning Heedwell HEEDWELL 1. CrneCcuyhiv= SUMMARY1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ‘Mankind's evolution has been an extraordinary story. A story of courage, audacity and hope. Day in and day out, bold steps are taken by people who think big. Steps that are appreciated by ‘optimists and contradicted by the cynics. But, mankind has survived, and will continue to do so. The story has been one of change. Change, for the better. NH recognizes The Foundation Society as a firm which works for change and for ideas that are big, Ideas that spark choruses for revolution and provide a release from man's cocooned existence. Today, NH brings forward its hand and asks for collaboration with your prestigious firm, so that we together can write a new chapter in the story of mankind's evolution. A chapter to be remembered through the annals of time for its courage and audacity Northdonning Heedwell (NH) is now pleased to announce the fully compliant Bellevistat Space Settlement proposal in response to the Foundation Society's RFP dated 2 January, 2028. Bellevistat is proposed to be a settlement supporting 18000 permanent residents at a time. The salient features of the design are: A unique aspect of the modular design is that the settlement will be | Je inhabited within just a few years of Transient : 1,000 ] construction so that the settlements Date of Contract 2 January, 2028 purpose of being a hub for on-orbit Date of Completion 4 June, 2042 | refining and mining of extraterrestrial materias and zero heavy Total Cost $ 300.2 billion ‘manufacturing is fulfilled = © Arigh quality of ite will be MARERESMIGINSIID tees ictll A high quality of He wil De Pseudo Gravity Dome : 9 mis" settlement. Residents will (Acceleration due to _Hexagro : 6.65 - 4.20 mis enjoy a very comfortable Rotation) Lunar Torus : 1.6 mis: é environment due to the Central Sphere : 0 — 0.375 mis superior planning of every Electricity Consumption 191000 KW facet in the community that 8.043 x 10" Kg will affect the | common 2.3 x10" kgm? residents (e.g., comfortable 0.8269 rpm. housing, _entertainment, 14.224 x 40° m’ fine food, water supply) Total low-g area 2.084 x 10° m? = The orientation of the settlement in orbit clearly allows for expansive views of Space and Earth = Keeping in mind the demand for a comprehensive electronic ecology. multi purpose robots capable of intelligent interaction have been designed. Self replicating and healing technologies have been used to save time and resources on repair of robots, «To ensure maximum operational ability even during emergency situations, four widely separated docks have been proposed, as a result, an accident on one dock will not isolate the whole settlement, and repairs can be made. + Innovative materials have been formulated for interiors, which require minimum time for installation * Humans and all home devices will interact through the Central Home Automation System forming an Electronic Ecology. Superior robots and engineers will be put to the task of designing and constructing the homes and buildings, greatly reducing time for construction ‘An earth like environment has been created in the three domes with elegantly designed houses, gardens, orchids, entertainment complexes etc. Residents have been provided ample space for kitchen gardens and community kitchens, green areas promote general well being NH will be proud to be part of this endeavor to make the whole universe, mankind's native land.Northdonning Heedwell HEEDWELL =.o STRUCTURAWN oesSsicn2.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 2.1 External Configuration Bellevistat consists of 3 domes (living environment) connected by a torus. The domes are connected to a central hub by elevator complexes. Atop the domes are hexagonal cylinders with levels for agriculture and animal farming known as Hexagros. intercepting the elevators is a smaller torus known as the Lunar torus with a pseudo gravity same as that of the Moon. Trusses extend out from the central sphere to lon engines for the settlement's rotation. Above the plane of the tori, three non rotating docking platforms extend outwards with communication dishes in between. Below the plane, a solar panel disk, a zero g sports stadium, a maintenance dock and an industrial complex (working environment) are located. The lowest level of the complex will be attached to a captured asteroid for mining. The settlement is oriented such that, the commercial docks always face the Earth and the axial vector of the settlement's rotation passes through the centre of the Earth at all times. This provides natural views of space and earth. Non sofating Fig. 2.4 Exterior View a Hull components Uses, Volume Radius Down Acceleration (m’) (m) Surface Due to — area(m*) _ Rotation(m/s’) Single Dome Living area 2.03% 10° 460 68x 10° 9 (Pressurized) : Transportation torus Transportation 148x 10" Maj 1200 1.91x10" 9 (Pressurized) Min: 25 "Single Hexagro Agriculture 5.15% 10" 105 343x 10° 555-420 | (Pressurized) Central sphere Connect 5.23x10° 50 314x107 0-0.375 (Pressurized) docks, elevators a zy Commercial dock Docking 50x10" 24 - Non Rotating (Un-pressurized) — = = Industrial Complex Docking and 7.01x 10" 150 - Non Rotating (Un-pressurized) Industries Lunar torus Industrial 7.10x10° Maj:2251.77x10" 1.6 (Pressurized) purposes Min: 402.1.2 Pseudo-Gravity Initially the settlement will be rotated by ion engines during construction. As the settlement is being buil, the angular velocity will decrease due to conservation of angular momentum. To counter this, 3 main ion propulsion systems will be installed which will provide the necessary torque. They will maintain the rotation rate and therefore supply and maintain the pseudo-gravity. Also we propose to have flywheels in the central sphere which will stabilize the rotation. Advantages: + Apseudo-gravity of 0.99 is psychologically and physiologically comfortable for residents from earth, * Pseudo gravity ranging from 5.55 mis to 4.2 m/s” will be present in Hexagro which is optimal for the growth of crops. ‘+ The lunar torus will have the same acceleration due to gravity as on the moon's surface providing for further development of industries, laboratories, research, and simulators for the moon. Bellevistat anticipates the need for lunar settlements and the lunar torus will help accustomize lunar residents. ‘+The low angular velocity reduces stress on the structure and minimises the Coriolis Effect. + Less fuel will be required for maintaining the rotation rate. + Natural views of earth and space will seem to be rotating for the residents and the low rpm. will diminish the effect, 1.3 Description of Major Hull Components Angular velocity 0.086 rad/s RPM 0.8269 Moment of inertia 2.3 x 10""kgm? Angular momentum —_1.98x10""kgm? ences Hull DEC Features (Uses) Component Domes Transport Torus Hexagro Elevator complex Bellevistat will have three living areas in geodesic domes. internally, a curved base will ensure an equal pseudo gravity at all points. Solar panels will be attached on the exterior surface. The minimum tine of sight of the settlement will be 63.8 m which is above the psychological limit preventing claustrophobia Also the domes will provide an open expanse to live in compared to the conventional torus structure The domes will be named ASIMOV, CLARKE and O'NEILL after two great Science Fiction Authors and the man behind the studies to create Space Colonies. Radius: 460m fine The transport torus would have @ wido road and green areas will be present on either side of it. It will be 7.5 km long Outer radius: 120m Inner radius: 25m There will be three agricultural areas in the shape of hexagonal cylinders located just above the domes. Each hexagro has 15 levels and the height of each level is 12m. Length of side: 105m Height: 180m It would be made up of 4 separate elevators; 3 for up to 25 passengers each and 1 for cargo transportation purposes. Radius: 6m Length: 160m ‘Advantages Geodesic domes are structurally stable because it is an almost spherical structure based on a network of struts arranged on great circles (geodesics) lying approximately on the surface of a sphere. The geodesics intersect to form triangular elements that have local triangular rigidity and yet also distribute the stress across the entire structure. This ensures safety of the population. Provide direct access between domes and also provide area for green spaces and road side cafes and picnic spots. The Hexagros will provide a separate area for agriculture and animal farming. Different climatic needs of crops and animals will _ be met, -_ It would directly enable transfer | between areas of diferent gravity. |Central It’ would contain flywheels which would it would serve as the junction for sphere stabilize the rotation of the completed the elevators and in the settlement and would also be a high security settlement. zone. Radius: 50m Lunar Torus This component would have its pseudo gravity Lunar torus contains: equal to that of the moon, hence the name Soll manufacturing kiln ‘lunar’ torus. * Glass producing factory Width: 40m Radius: 225m + Research laboratory Line of Sight: 27.8m ‘* Sample Environment of Moon + Plant Growing Area in lunar g Commercial 3 commercial docks will be constructed above These are widely separated docks the central sphere. They will be built in a docks. Each dock will be able to tetrahedral arrangement with angle of accommodate 2 large space tugs. inclination being 109 degrees 25' with respect to each other. Each dock will be situated ‘500m away from the centre of the settlement. Length: 85m_Width:49m Material Us Aluminium Titanate Trusses These will form the skeleton of Bellevistat. The triangular strut ‘+ 2219 aluminium —_elements of the geodesic dome will be of smaller dimensions. They = AMG6aluminium will support the regolith, | ©8456 aluminium This will be distributed uniformly all across the structure and will provide protection from debris and radiation apart from maintaining thermal equilibrium and withstanding pressure and stresses. This will be used for the windows as itis transparent and radiation safe | Super Adobe Its ease of use makes it the main structural unit for construction. It willbe particularly used forthe 2 tori | Water ____ Protection against radiations | Keviar Mylar This forms the outer ‘skin’ of the settlement ,protects from debris tata and maintains structural integration | Carbon Fiber These Panels will protect the high priority Central Sphere and (Polyurethane) docking ports, o | Glass This is easily available from silica on moon and asteroids and so | ___ along with ETFE makes windows more resistant Kieselguhr Its very light, due to its high porosity. As it is heat-resistant, it can be used as a thermal insulator. It has adsorbent qualities so can also be used for dust and spill clean up. It retains water and nutrients while draining fast and freely allowing high oxygen circulation within the growing medium. This makes it very suitable for plants, 2.1.4 Junction between Rotating and Non-rotating Sections The tracks between the rotating and non-rotating segments of the settlement utilize superconducting material which has magnetic properties that will allow contactless (and hence frictionless) movement. The unique lock track design allows complete secure movement without loss of connection. Mass dampers will remove wobbles and vibrations between the two components. These areas will be unpressurised: therefore no loss of air will occur. Airlocks will thus be present before movement in these volumes. There is attraction to prevent the nonrotating sections to drift away yet there is enough repulsion to provide frictionless movement or prevent any contact between them Magnetic field is partly excluded from the superconductor. Hence, the same repulsion exists. as between a = magnet and_—a_—diamagnetic. The magnetic flux lines that managed to penetrate the superconductor get pinned (trapped) there by microscopic inhomogeneities. When the magnet is lifted up, the superconductor holds its magnetic lines and follows the magnet.2.2 Internal Arrangement Residential @ Agricutural(hexagro} © Transporation Central sphere © Commercial docks Industral (lunar torus ‘Asterod minng ff Grid network Operations and level Fig 2.2 Overall View of settlement Cee Purpose Area Percent Residential 1.0 x10%m? 29% Agriculture: 1.2x10%m*? 33% ER Sa se Commercial 2.1x10°m? 6% Industries | 1.08x10°m? 30% Entertainment 1.08x10°m 3% Total 3.6x 10° m* 100% Table 2.5 Net Down Area Distribution | Table 2.6 Uses Of Micro-Gravity And Unpressurized Zones 2400m e20m Use The lunar torus will have a gravity of 1.6 mis. It will be used for industries and would simulate moon based operations, 1 jocks situated above the central sphere. They will handle both human ‘transportation and cargo ments. —sta9% Goseopes and Fhheels Fig 2.3 Cross Section of Central Sphere Zerog This stadium situated below the sports central sphere will be used for zero g__ stadium games for entertainment of the residents. It will also include a roller coaster, | Central The central hub is the junction for the Sphere elevators from the domes and for transfers between rotating and non rotating sections. The command center control unit controls all activities in micro gravity industries, communication and docking, - Repair Besides repair, these docks would Maintenance also handle the large industrial cargo Docks shipments. They will also be part of construction of new spacecraft,Fig 2.4 Side View of Dome f The dome has a curved base o Tee internally such that the . gravity felt is same at all t points through it and the om transport torus. The volume. q as between this curved base ‘ate Tanks and the actual exterior base 17am Wed oe _ | has been utilized efficiently for general operations of the settlement, Windows have been placed such that for outside views, a person need not turn his head more than 30 degrees. A level for climate control and water storage for the Hexagro will be bui. Fig. 2.5 The transportation torus wil Cross-Section have windows on the side facing the commercial docks, which means that it will face the Earth. So residents can see the beautiful view outside. The orchards in the a torus will be built over a water reservoir so that condensing water could feed Up to the trees from beneath and nourish the roots ' directly. Water vapor. along with the heat energy from the process, is pumped into the air, heat also being pumped vecaietsn Tavs] into the reservoir. ne seeage The Carbon Dioxide is ‘emmited into the forest to help growth. of Transport i Torus Fig 2.6 Interior view of Hexagro The soil of the Hexagro will be a thick layer of processed lunar soil. Lunar soil will be converted to expanded clay, which is inert ‘and suitable for hydroponic systems, by rotatory kilns in the lunar torus. The soil is a lightweight, ceramic material. This soil has half the density of earth soil. Ithhas permanent internal aeration and adequate drainage. It is non-degradable and does not shrink. The kiln ensures that the soil matrix particles have angular stable porous nature so that olants are established auicklv. 62.2.2 GRID NETWORK A special feature of Bellevistat's residential domes will be the grid network present below the soil base which will connect electricity, communications, water, plumbing and sewage facilities. It would allow quick installation and easy maintenance of these services. THiS | sure 107 will standardize all connections in the settlement +The strong metal hexagonal | sev wieras structure of the grid system would be laid a meter below the ground level of the settlement. It would act, as the backbone of the interior etree Fig 2.7 (a) structure as building foundations 7" | Cross-section of will be attached with it + | grid pipe The grid base will be the reference map for pinpointing any location on Bellevistat. Although its main use will be in the dome, it would be extended throughout the settlement. The Main grid will have a greater capacity and will deliver connections from the sub grid to the appropriate centers and will culminate in the focal point. Electricity and Communication cables will run through the upper level of the grid. Sensors and meters for monitoring will be installed at each junction. ‘A path has been provided for specific robots to move through the grid for repair and ‘maintenance. Ramps will provide access to the lower levels. A High Security building in each nero dome will house these robots and entrances to Sean the main gria, ane ‘A bundle of optical fibers will transmit fight to buildings from [_Fia 2.7 (b) Grid Network the collector outside the dome. It will eliminate the need for electric lighting. Using suitable prisms, infrared light will be separated from the sunlight and used to provide heating in specially designed stoves for home use. Sewage pipes have been distinctly separated from the inner grid to prevent contamination. Fig. 2.7 (d) Gnd Connections Fiq 2.7(c) Robot workina in Grid ‘Sud gridDocking Port 7 lon Engines: i Construction 0m outer ann Pp | supstatary | Engine Communication Dish z Kevlar cables Fig 2.8 Construction Module Fig 2.9 Superadobe Layers ‘A small spherical hub called the Construction module will begin construction of the settlement Automated robots will attach thick Keviar ropes (coated to prevent deterioration by the sun) to the outside of the hub. Super adobe layers will be brought by space tugs to the Module where an automated assembly line will join them in a loop of circumference 7.539 Km (of the torus) and the ropes from the hub will be attached at regular intervals of 50m. Small ion engines will spin the hub so that the base frame for the torus takes shape. Layers of super adobe will be stacked to form the curved base of the domes. After the domes are formed, they will be sealed to be airtight with a glaze on the interiors. The additional dirt also provides insulation to protect the interiors from the extremes of lunar temperatures. Table 2.7 Construction An inflatable construction module will be launched from - " Alexandriat at L5. Robots will form a long chain of regolith a bricks. Using its ion engines, it will rotate about its axis. The chain will be attached to the rotating module, thus forming the transport torus. Three elevator complexes wil S be made joining the transport torus to the central sphere. ¢ One residential dome and one hexagro will be constructed. Also, the communication satelite dish will be made, Three ion engines will also be constructed to rotate the settlement We ~ with spokes joining it to the central sphere. To preserve the . rotational axis, construction material as counter weight will be stored diametrically opposite to the dome. ‘A transport tube below the central sphere will be eo constructed. On this tube, rectennas will be constructed in b may the shape of a disc. Also, the industrial docks, asteroid mining facility and the industrial complexes will be made. In addition to this, the radiator would also be constructed. c= 2) Construction of the other two domes and hexagros will be completed. The space infrastructure construction facility will be added to the industrial complexes. The construction module will be dismantled and reformed into the Central Sphere. Construction of the settlement will be completed with the addition of the commercial docks above the central sphere \d the lunar torus made around the central sphere.Asteroid Mining 2.4.1 Asteroid Capture: The best potential source for space resources is the class of asteroids known as carbonaceous chondrites, which are relatively rich in hydrocarbons. Considering the lack of lunar hydrocarbons and the pollution inherent in orbiting earth resources, the Apollo asteroids represent an attractive potential resource. A kilometer wide asteroid would be selected and hauled by Gravity Tractor Spacecraft to the Moon Earth L4 point which it will share with Bellevistat. Using cutting tools and controlled explosives, selective ‘chunks’ of the asteroid would be directly attached to the settlement for more efficient use of mining resources and minimizing waste. 2.4.2 Structural Attachment: The asteroid is non] attached to the |] settiement with the Merowave Rectenna help of a rope made of Dyneema, the word's strongest | fiber. Elevators, aaa travel to and from aan ney the asteroid with the help of this rope Repatr And Maintenance Deck — These elevators wil transport mined Space Infrastructure Construction Faciity material from. the Storage And Mantenance Systems asteroid tothe Truss Manufacturing Factory ‘Solar Panel Manufacturing Unit settlement. inng and Refining Fatery The solar pane! disk is made of concentric circles of beams on which the photovoltaic panels are attached. As per the orientation of the settlement, the panels will be able to turn themselves around the beam so as to face the sun. A zero g sports stadium allowing uninhibited views of space is located A repair and maintenance dock catering up to 6 large space tugs at a time is placed below the stadium, Asterard Chink Fig 2.10 Industrial complex The facility for construction of new communisten dh | Space Infrastructure such as Satellites and Interplanetary Spacecraft will work in conjunction with the Repair Dock and the Lunar Torus. A zero g storage area and equipment for eliminating dust beyond the level will Fig 2.11 be present. Asteroid Minina Unit The Truss Manufacturing Factory is proposed to be one of the most key parts of Bellevistat's Industry 9Manufacture of Solar Panels is undoubtedly a vital part of space based construction projects. The Mineral Refining Station will be connected to the captured asteroid by thick Kevlar Cables allowing movement of materials from asteroid to the refining centre. EEE ees Mineral Ore ___Extra Silicon(Si) SiO, Reduction: - Sid, + 2C— Si + 2CO Aluminum(Al) ———_AlO3H20_ Bayer’s process, Hall's process lron(Fe) Fe,03,Fe;O, __Blast fumace Manganese(Mn) MnO, Reduction: - 3MnO; + 4Al + 3Mn + 2A1L05 | Titanium(Ti) Ti (eceurs with iron) Van Arkel method: - (TitFe) + 2l> —» Til, — (in presence of tungsten) Til, Ti + 2l2 | Magnesium(Mg) MgCl; ____Convert solid ore to molten state: electrolysis Platinum(Pt) - Heating Minerals crushed in vacuum, would release carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, from which water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane gas, and traces of other chemicals will be liberated 2.4.3 Protection from Dust: Micro-particie-removal systems rely on electrostatic attraction. The cleaning cloths for these are electrostatically charged. This attracts the dust to the duster. Electrostatic. precipitators have been chosen because they are more economical than other dust removal systems. Operating cost is reduced due to low energy consumption, lesser spare arts’ costs and minimal maintenance requirements. Evaporative coolers will create the required physical conditions at the } electrostatic precipitator inlet which will Oop Bese Fig 2.12 guarantee trouble-free operation. By = Fiter Cycle = spraying water into the gas, the dust will also be cooled to the most efficient precipitator operating temperature. The increase in gas humidity additionally lowers the dust resistivity. Gas conditioning for SO,, NH; or water vapour causes a reduction in dust resistivity with a substantial decrease in gas temperature. 2.5 Descriptions of Docks There will be four widely separated docks. Three, situated on the top of the settlement whereas one dock will be situated below the settlement. Docks which are situated on the top of the settlement will be widely separated from each other and away from the pressurized volume at a distance of 500 m. These 3 docks will be 814.11m away from each other and their orientations will be 109° apart from each other, This allows maximum separation. The docks will be attached to the central sphere at zero g. There will be a vertical cylinder connected to the sphere. Three tunnels | Fig 2.13 Dock arranaement Supported by trusses will arise from the cylinders which lead to the docking platforms. If the space vehicle deviates from its path then it will not collide as the docks are widely separated. There will be a different maintenance crew for each dock so that each dock is self sufficient. Each dock will have its own poner supply from solar panels. They'll have fuelling stations and an enclosed hangar for storage of cargo and ‘parking Of spacecraft. A small pressurize volume as the control room will be for the maintenance crew and for pilots’ stay Nuri Erma Gareieeke 10® Northdonning Heedwell NORTHDONNING HEEDWELL 3.0 OoOrFrSRATIONS AMD INF RASTRVYUCTURGE3.0 OPERATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE Earth-Moon Lagrange Points Advantages of L4 ‘* Fuel consumption will be minimum to position the Settlement at L4 because it is a stationary solution of two body problem of orbital mechanics of the Earth moon system and hence itis stable. + Bellevistat being 384403km away from the moon, lunar materials can easily be obtained and extracted efficiently * NH understands the Foundation Society's goal for colonizing space and since Alexandriat is at L5, Bellevistat will meet its requirements at L4. Semi Perigee Apogee major axis period 384399km/ —363104km/ 405696km/ 27.32 2.5x10'AU _2.4x10°AU__2.7x10°AU Days 3.1.2 Exterior Construction: Revolution Mean orbital velocity 1.023km/s Fig 3.1 Orbital Location Moon and the captured metallic asteroid will be the extra terrestrial sources for materials. Equipments will be manufactured/brought from Alexandriat. The major components i.e. materials and equipment are: Loerie eee Material Features Aluminum This alloy is best suited to bear large strain and Titanate can be used to construct the structures with basic integral strength and thus will be used to make the adobes. a Carbon These fibers will provide infrastructural strength Fibers __to the trusses and the adobe constructions Lead glass/ This special form of glass shall be used to Silica Fiber provide best optical views while ensuring Glass ____maximum radiation safety Ferro-Nickel Ferro-Nickel_ Trusses will be the major Trusses framework of the Bellevistat's design. The trusses combine structural flexibility and comprehensive integrity of the design Super Adobe Super Adobe is a form of Earth bag Structures Construction. Due to Super Adobe's inexpensive nature, ease in construction, and use of locally available materials, it will be used as a long term shelter. Aluminum It will be used for internal wiring of essential electrical systems. This will also provide its alloyed state = i Iron Its major use is in exterior construction of the integrity beams that will hold the truss members, Ceramics and composites Construction material for the houses. “Sour Continuous supply of raw materials from the captured metallic asteroid. Carbon will be brought from | Alexandria, Silicon and Lead will be brought from Alexandriat Continuous supply of raw Materials from the captured metallic asteroid. The manufacturing shall be _automated. Essential sources for the construction of _—_adobe structures will be collected from the moon. This will be assembled as._——per requirements in L4 orbit Continuous supply of raw materials from the captured metallic asteroid. Continuous supply of raw materials from the captured metallic asteroid Moon regolith would be the _ceramie source. J3.1.3 Equipments __ Source Uses. Construction robots Alexandriat Exterior Construction (truss layout and - welding) and community construction Computer Components ‘Alexandriat Data storage, robots, computers, security and smart homes. ‘Super Adobe Packing Moon Exterior construction, super adobe Equipment = structures and major hull components Fiber Optic Cables Earth / Alexandriat__ Communication and Day-Night Cycle Material refining and Alexandriat Asteroid Mining Infrastructure processing equipment Fueling Station (LOX & LH2) _Alexandriat Fueling of robots and space vehicles 3.1.4 Transportation and Storage: Percheron, ST P22, and REV P07 will transport materials and equipments from their sources to Bellevistat's location. The storage module consists of ascending truss, side tracts and storage compartments. Each compartment allows the standard payload container of the above vehicles to fit and gripper tracts help cargo to be stored conveniently rable 3. Eee ket 32 Community Infrastructure "Diameter. 16 feet 3.2.1 Food Production Length: 46 feet 1. Growth: The growing of all the ‘major crops for the settlement shall take place in Hexagro, The Hexagro ¢— consists of 15 levels in which hydroponics and geoponics shall be ulllzed for agriculture. An internal grid system of pipelines arranged in a trellis pattern will provide irrigation for the crops. Optical fibers shall provide Fig 3.3 lighting to each level of the Hexagro. Agricultural Temperature and humidity will be Area maintained by thermostats, II. Harvesting: Robots will sow, monitor plant growth and harvest the plants to es be sent for processing and packaging, Ill, Storage: we 43.79 Grain: Before storing grains all extra Pal water content from the grains will be drawn out in order to minimize the bacterial growth. Grain will be stored in rigid sealed containers under refrigerated conditions to prevent Radius 3.62m i} ingress of moisture .For domestic use, vacuum packets will be Height 3.27m used. Storage (Rice): 138 tonnes ‘Meat: Drying techniques will be used to tenderize specialty ____(Wheat) : 175 tonnes gourmet meats by hanging them in carefully controlled environments for up to 21 days. Semi- Gried meats will be processed first with salt, smoke, sugar, or acid, or other "cures" then hung in cool dry storage for extended periods. IV, Packaging: Food will be sent for packaging after proper treatment to kill pathogens. The food that needs to be cooked will be packed into reusable and vacuum nylon pouches. But raw food like vegetables and raw produce will be directly sent to the supermarkets for sale \V. Delivering: Transportation of produce shail take place with the help of mini trucks. These shall distribute the same to nodal supermarkets in each sector.VI. Selling: The residents of Bellevistat will be provided with food through various retail outlets for their convenience. Analysis of the sales will provide an idea on which the culture shall be adjusted to provide a dynamic model of sustainability ‘Table 3.6 Agriculture: Land Area and Yield Crops Annual Yield Land Area Crop | Production(kg) ___(kg/m*/year) Maturity(days) | | Wheat 15,84,375 226.3 7,076.2m’ 100 Rice 9,28,784 - 255.2 3639.4m* 100 | Fruits 35,61,465 561.38 6348.4m® 70 Vegetables 47,73,250 684.75 __6970.7m* 80 Potatoes 12,47,125 912.5 1366.7 m? 80 Tomatoes 12,07,565 985.5 12259m’ 70 Com 404,167 273.6 1480.4m? 70 Soybeans __10,34,850 283 3656.7m’ 100 Electricity Fig 3.4 Garbage Power ie |, Electricity Production: :4Thesyngas_The syngas i, Solar Power Satelite- Two isremoved reacts with 100MW SPSS dedicated for The trash fromthe catalysts to Bellevistat will be placed at oes here heating produce ethanol Earth-Moon L1 point and — Firststage: The trash Seater ses micnnane! will be the major source of — isheated to 120% energy generation. A Mostorganic material Rectenna disk to convert Vaporzesas hydrogen microwaves received from 3nd carbon monoxide, a mature called the SPSs_ will be | matweca constructed onthe _(eyngas) Some ofthe settlement. Parts of the organic material transportation torus will also becomes Char be covered with receiving Second stage: The panels. The tendency of charpasses through microwaves to diverge wil huherperte be suppressed by using lightening: like plasma materials to focus 38. which vaporize tere Glectomagnetic waves into efemanna anc ‘narrow cone. Solar panels more syngas, will act as a backup source The inorganic for domes and docks Te nOuaNe generating 15MW and pool ot molten gees, 1OMV respectively. Stored Ethanol can be used as a gasoline additive cr substitute, Methanol is an impottant part of boodiesel The glass poured electricity will be utilized by j4etals separate from the out hardens, industries in emergency lass and depending on the trapping ii, Biomass- Processed waste mix,can be recycled. potential toni chemicals and agricultural by-products will contribute to power generation in a dome plant. A very rapid energy source and sink system based on a modern flywheel and bi directional inverter will be used, Energy that is required to prevent under frequency is drawn from the flywheel. Alternatively the system can absorb energy Surges at the same rate and prevent grid conditions being driven out of utility specifications. An incinerator will be placed in the plant which uses lightningslike arcs of plasma to transform garbage and other waste into gases from which methanol and ethanol will be produced. It doesn't generate toxic pollutants, and it yields up to six times as much energy as it consumes. Methanol will be used to fuel robot fuel cartridges, whereas ethanol will be used to fuel public transport vehicles.— a il, Smart Clothes- Clothing will be designed with wearable electronics, heat conductive textiles, shock absorbing fabrics, and built-in switches to control equipment for electronic entertainment. ‘A microfiber fabric will be used that generates its own electricity, making enough current to recharge small electronic equipment. The fabric could hamess power from its wearer simply walking around, turing wrists or even from a slight breeze. The fiber-based nanogenerator would be a simple and economical way to harvest energy from the physical movement. The nanogenerator takes advantage of the semi-conductive properties of zinc oxide nanowires — tiny wires 1,000 times Yo smaller than the width of a human hair -- embedded into the / fabric. One of the fibers in each pair is coated with gold and sacsto How serves as an electrode. As the bristles brush together through a ete! person's body movement, the wires convert the mechanical s motion into electricity. Just ike an ordinary piece of clothing || | | uname these clothes can be thrown in the washing machine. The clothes also tracks vital signs, such as heart rate, body temperature and respiration rate by using optical and electric conductive fibers that are woven into the fabric of the shirt. iv. Hydroelectric Shoe- Hydroelectric shoe will enable the residents to be independent in terms of electrical needs for appliances like PDA and i-bands. As a person walks, the compression of the fluid in the sac located in the shoe's heel will force fluid through Fig 3.5 Hydroelectric shoe the conduit and into the hydroelectric generator module. As the user continues to walk, the heel will be lifled and downward pressure will be exerted on the sac under the ball of the person's foot. The movement of the fluid will rotate the rotor and shaft to produce electricity. Energy converted per compression will be up to 5J. This will encourage residents to walk, which in tum will be a good exercise. errs I, Electricity Distibution- . Flectricity Distribution (191000KW) Fig 3.7 Electricity Cees Fig3.6 Destin Voage "Residential = bomesti Sounpe.——Saun Psth Zone: 40V ‘cinder wows ones Industries: 300-440V Aercuture ‘Transportation owen Srariow Powen Sravion ~~ er Eto eee es Sector Electric Power | Domestic 54000KW ott TZ | Agrcuttue 42260KW |, Transport 16000KW Le lil, Electricity Storage Power store connects to a power system via a shunt style connection. It augments an existing power system and is fully integrated with the grid generation. Its basic applications are: ‘+ Highly dynamic performance with large power ratings with sub-cycle performance + 100% of power available at any charge level + Peak Lopping - Cyclic machines / Electric Winders! Hoists / Electric Drag linesVehicle Capacity Proprietor Cargo Trucks 40000 kg Public Public Transport 30 people Public. Cycles 70kg Private 556m Fig 3.8 Internal Transportation idth 12m Components __|t consists of four elevator: 3 Elevators of diameter 3m each for Sea eee seeps Tori aeree emote bess meee) Uses: It will be used to transport materials and passengers through various g-levels. It Var corte to iowscrtal cutee ah the docks. Power "Solar energy would be utilized to power Fig 3.9 Transport corridor + Transport Corridor Right way- Lert 3.2.4 Weather control |. Temperature and Humigity Control Table 3.11 Clim vistat Temperature 20-25°C Humidity 40-60% - nsing Heat Exchanger Location Operations Level in the Residential domes (60m from top of the dome) Is|. Air Composition: Air will be brought sevearer “SY in liquefied form. Levels of atmospheric gases will be altered to facilitate increased agricultural productivity in Hexagro. Air will be circulated within the residential domes and Hexagro. This circulation will provide both plants and residents enough carbon dioxide and oxygen. The “se” ventilation sysiem will be located within the walls of the | residential domes and Hexagros, The air will be controlled by large circulating fans with filters, Carbon tJ dioxide being a heavier gas will conason settle down at the bottom of the exrotomen | I conoenaen residential domes and from there it : will be transported to Hexagros whereas oxygen released by plants Sone during photosynthesis will be comer transported to the residential domes. In the main human habitat, the MLDORSEACCUIE STEERS atmospheric pressure will closely _Gas ion Volume (m') Source Fig 3.10 Weather Control rcron ae ; resemble the atmospheric pressure _Nitrogen 78% 476790662.4__ Moon found at sea level on Earth. Oxygen 21% 128366716.8 Moon Therefore, a partial pressure of Carbon 0.5% 30563504 Produced 20kPa of oxygen will be maintained Dioxide through to ensure proper alveolar functions combustion and to prevent losses in blood cell Other 0.5% 30563504 Moon, Earth mass 3.2.5 Waste Management Quantity’ 51709.53 kg day | Aim To identify all sae types of waste | and then process them to give maximum utilization capability. | Methods Plasma | Used Gasification and pyrolysis offer HO PURIFICATION | Gas PROCESSING | _wasTE PROCESSING optimal use of t at F t {... organic waste = | Usage Biomass. will t provide 4000KW arena EC) 00 “Location In the waste management Fig 3.11 Waste Management building 163.2.6 Water Recycling Process [Fig 3:2 Water recyeing_| The system introduced is a Ls? Many Fittration a SEM closed cleaning water Untreated, Tank recycling system that ‘Semone >| fp Treat Water Tank utilizes reverse osmosis Noe a ee ‘Acraton'Yenk: Clean wares membranes and vacuut aratonVont: | = distillation units for recycling pemnidatvaaeee Concent toons! cleaning waste water, which Consens contains organic solvents. eae Unnsaton tor Features of Treatment System are as follows: dtitaton unt arenes: 1) Setting up six reverse osmosis membranes in series achieves oicerne ahigh recovery rate. 2) A distillation unit reduces the volume of manufacturing waste. 3) Thermal concentration in a vacuum state in the distillation unit reduces the running costs. 4) The soe can be operated continuously, which allows the stable a of treated water Water Required Water required —_ Efficiency of Water Source per person per —_ for 18000 water recycling Recovered day people process | 100k! 1800000k! 90-94% 1656000k! Earth 3.2.7 Internal communication: Internal communication within the dome will be provided through Optical fibers in the form of the FTTH (Fiber to the home) and FTTP (Fiber to the premises) services to residences and commercial areas respectively. These will be available in different setups. FTTH — 128 (Small), 281.6 GB/s (Family), FTTP ~ 3276.8 GB/s | Location ie underground grid system connected to dome servers | Reinforcing Reinforced with cladding, resin buffer and jacket insulation layers. For | Materials indoor applications, jacketed cable will be enclosed with a bundle of flexible Kevlar polymers. - Setup Transmission will be done through Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Signal reception will be through a signal receiving photo- detector. Multiplexers and couplers for WDM. os Residents will also be able to communicate wirelessly and share files through a peer-to-peer based network enabled through a client WLAN (Wireless local Area Network) card in the resident's PDAs. This network will exploit diverse connectivity between participants in the network and the cumulative bandwidth of network participants rather than conventional centralized resources where servers provide the core value to a service or application The network shall allow devices within the dome to pair and transfer data at rates upto 108 Mbis. Signal modulation and encryption shall be based on the OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) system that shall allow a fast, secure and uninterrupted transfer rate for mobile applications. 3.2.8 External communication: External communication to earth and external satellites will be carried out by using X-band microwave technology using multiple transmitting/receiving dishes at the zero-g areas. Data transfer will involve a time lag of nearly 1.3 seconds and the system will operate at a frequency range of 10.7-20 GHz. The cumulative data-transfer speed to earth is estimated at 50 GBs. 3.2.9 Day Night Cycle: A series of parabolic mirrors (covering an effective sunlit area of 6 x 10° m’) integrated with a solar collector. fiber optic systems and electromechanical irises shall create the day and night cycle for Bellevistat. At any instance, bases of at least two domes will be facing the sun. The mirrors facing direct sunlight of the sun will "Morning 12hrs be bent at 90” in order to allow the sunlight to fall on the mifrors on the Husk Thee other side which will direct sunlight towards the solar collector carrying — por NE it to the top of the residential dome through the grid and from there it Nia! “s will be reflected down creating the feeling of day. Table 3.16 PEER k3 (1 ‘Dawn thrWe can control the degree of illumination by controlling the irises. Thus a pre-defined simulation of a day-night cycle will be provided. Twilight and darkness will be recreated by partial opening and closing of the irises. Illumination in the houses will be provided through Optical Fibers connected to the grid. Metal Halide lamps will be installed on the roofs of the domes to enhance the required illumination. Electrochromic windows would be present on the convex surface of the dome 227m above the base of the domes providing a natural rotating view of Earth at all times. Fig 3.13 Day a night cycle 3.2.40 Fire Management: Fire in an enclosed space such as Bellevistat could be catastrophic. To extinguish fire, Bellevistat will have a fire department; however sprinklers and smoke detectors will also be installed all around the settlement including homes, offices and parks each covering an area of 25 m’. Water will be provided to sprinklers and fire department through normal pipes flowing through the grid. 3.3 Space Infrastructure Re entry Materials Fuel vehicle REV PO7 Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA) will be used for LOX — & Stardust Aeroshell. Silicone Impregnated Reuseable Ceramic LH2 Ablator (SIRCA) will be used on the Backshell Interface Plate (IP) ry ue Fig 3.14 Space mnvunicatior Infrastructure A oe ayTable 3.18 Space Infrastructure Space Use Fuel Used Turn Flights / Payload Infrastructure around Year_— (Ibs) Time | Palamino Transport of Cargo LOX &LH2 Tday 115 20000 (included) __and passengers Percheron Transportation of Powdered aluminum 15days 30, 40000 (Included) materials for hull (16%). components, RLVP7 Transportation of | Stage 1: Cellulose 1Odays 36 25000 (To be cargo and Stage 2: Synergic Air contracted) astronauts from Breathing Engine earth to Bellevistat. Stage 3: Unsymmetrical Di-Methyl Hydrazine. sv Pit Transport of Cargo LOX &LH2 tday 200 30000 (To be and Astronaut contracted) = ST P22 Transportation of Aerozine 50 and 15days 45 50000 “(To be materials of hull dinitrogen tetroxide contracted) components. = MLS P6(5) Maintain contact LOX & LH2 - = - | (To be between Bellevistat contracted) _and Earth _ - _ a "MS P20(15) Maintain contact LOX & LH2 > 5 : (To be between Bellevistat contracted) _and SPS P92 Provide electricity LOX & LH2 - - : (To be to the industrial included) docks. - = 3.4 Animal Feed and Facilit PEE Animal Location Area Number Season Facilities - ee a as | Catto 2 tevel of 22800 5700 ‘Their ‘A humid climate that is why the a) reproducing they are kept near the pond Hexagro season lasts for and a sufficient space for | from the 10 months. So them to live and to base of the within 10- reproduce. dome ‘months there will be a rise in = __their population. Fish 15" Level 98800 988000 - Sufficient supply of oxygen ‘of Hexagro (m’) and enough supply of food from for their survival. I bottom =e a. | Goats 1" Level of 23625 6750 ‘They have a They will feed on Hexagro. (m’) breeding season agricultural and kitchen from base of 4-5 months waste. Each goat will also of the and in 9-10 be provided with sufficient dome months there amount of water (35 | will be a shape _liters/day), ise in their populations | 19Hens 3" Level Of 29016 223200 These have a They will feed on maize, Hexagro (m’*) reproducing wheat, calcium carbonate from base season of 4 (small pieces of limestone of the months but each are mixed with their feed.) dome hen gives 5- and even on fish bones. Geggs/day, They will be given an area of 400sq m. They are also provided with humidity of 40% for their growth. 3.5 Innovative Materials: We will provide the residents of Bellevistat with a 3D printer in al Fig 3.15 which will enable them to design their own model and create 30 Printer it right at home. 3D printing is a method of converting a > rae Virtual 3D model into a physical object. 3D printing is a category of rapid prototyping technology. These, typically work by ‘printing’ successive layers on top of the previous to build up a three dimensional object. The printer builds robust, ceramic parts that can be finished and painted when desired. It can be plugged into standard wall outlets and is fully network compatible, and does not require any special ventilation 3.5.4 Furniture: Ceramics includes inorganic non EWCEe Mant eecs metallic material which is produced | Material Density Properties. by the action of heat: | Resistant 1360 * Puncture resistant Sofas Ceramics will be used for industrial, Poly Vinyl kg/m? e Minimal.“ Water Recliners commercial and art purposes. | Chloride Absorption Beds Industrial ceramics will be used to * High Durability develop ceramic materials with ESSyANCIEN SE ee eres || Moe 1340, + High Durability For Chairs conductance to build industrial and | WY! Kolm! © Withstands Load Recliners, Wrapping Tables ete scientific components. Commercial ceramics will include | !ne 2200, + Impact Resistant «Tables(in the use of ceramics to manufacture Vitrified kg/m" —_« Scratch Resistant _ hotels) everyday products using ceramic | Glass * Corrosion materials. e.g. sanitary-ware, wall Resistant and floor tiles, etc. + Heat Resistant 3.5.2 Plumbing Techniques: CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) will be used for plumbing purposes in the homes of Bellevistat The salient features of this system are: a Water purity: CPVC pipe fittings are not a |Kitchen Equipment Material Used source of heavy metal impurities, and conform [Kieren Counter Modified acrylite glass to the stringent safety requirements, _ - (strengthened 70%) Durable: It is resistant to corrosion and hence | Kitchen Utensils Inert Vitrified Glass, its durability will increase i Molded Vinyl Plastic | Energy Efficient: This piping will keep hot water _ Cutlery ____ Molded Vinyl plastic from cooling and will provide more hot water for the user. Conversely, the low *heat" transfer of CPVC piping will also keep cold water from warming up. Reduce Condensation’ it exhibits low "heat" transfer thus the outer surface of CPVC pipe carrying cold water does not become as cool as a copper pipe and the potential for moisture ‘condensation (and dripping) is significantly reduced Quiet Operation: Noise caused by water simply flowing through pipe is noticeably less with cpvc 20| Northdonning Heedwell HEEDWELL4.0 HUMANS, Quality of life is as important to Northdonning Heedwell as itis to the members of the Foundation Society. Therefore we will ensure that the communities are facilitated with all that residents could expect in a comfortable modern community environment and a lot more. Apart from comfortable housing, fine food and access to entertainment community life will also be stressed upon by providing community centres, community kitchens, gardens and parks. Bellevistat will also be divided into three residential domes Asimov, Clarke and O'Neill, each unique in lifestyle but same in infrastructure and comforts. Natural views and sunlight will be readily available to the residents through the windows present on the structure and the cosmic walk 4.4 Community Design brovided Aesthetic interiors and personalised exteriors will be Residential area The Management buildings: Restricted residential areas are situated buildings for maintaining grid away from the management water, waste products, generating sector and close to the energy from biomass, and ‘commercial and entertainment electricity distribution, areas for convenience Robot and server centres: Allotted t Green belts, forest areas and orchards Proving adequate line of sight and give areas for recreation, functions, fairs and events. Orchards provide fruits for fesidents, Community attributes: Common centres in each community to enhance interaction among residents and give psychological comfort. Common food growing areas attached to a kitchen and open areas for ‘Assembly hall Spintual centre offering a common platform to all ‘religions and an ideal place surrounded by trees for yoga and meditation, ‘50m 100" 160 200% Key I Residence singles 13.4% Storage 0 Ml residence married 21 05% I robot and sé © community cantars 0.85%. ads 9.5% areas for robot repair maintenance and storage of domestic robots. They wil also contain the main computer servers of the settlement. Education Since there are only 540 children currently in 6 Bellevistat, \\ there wil be a. school T Areas containing supermarkets, administration offices, small medical clinics and shops for everyday centers. 0.45% Wi eceaton sak o green bots 1870% research and development 2.5% plex 0.02% hospital 0.8% body 2.3 Mossimbinat on Bother entertainment 3% mmetcial zone 3.3 Grassland open area 6.8% ards 31 Bi school 0.2% adventure sland 14% BB community kechens 2 5% Mi forest area 6.25 IIPRT storage and maintenance 0.6% Fig 4.1 Community Plan4.1.1 Land Allocation: PePERPE nes Feature Description Area per dome Storage (i) Food grains, poultry, dairy 200 m? (ii)Tools and machinery 200 m* Belle Rivera (i) Belle Rivera: the river __ 16000 m* (ii) Belle Rivera walk 9000 m? Entertainment (i) Mall 3500 m? (ii) Multiplex 1500 m? i) Sports centre: Stadium for regular 1500 m? sports and (iv) Adventure island: theme and 9900 m? amusement park. Feature “Area per dome Residential area 220800 m” Elevator complex Radius: 6 m 13.04 m* mx 1 ‘+ Power management Total: 1000 m? | + Grid management * Biomass management | + Water management Waste management Community centres 30mx 50m __ Total: 6000 m? Community kitchens 17500 m _R&Dcentres ~ 10500 m? - Orchards 14400 m? Green belts 18.79% of total area Feature ‘Area per dome Hospital 5400 m* Education centre 50 mx 30m _ 1500m*? Entertainment facilities 14000 m* Assembly hall 4200 m? id server centre 40m x 40 m = 3200 m? __ Commercial zone 16000 m* Grass k 47600 m* Forest Area. 43750 m* 4.1.2 Distribution System of Consumables: For distribution of consumables, cargo trucks having capacity of 40000 kg each will be used in the settlement. 60 such trucks (20 in each dome) will distribute various consumables amongst the residents of Bellevistat. Grains in Hexagro (growing and harvesting) grinding biomass plant animal fodder processing and ra checks residents commercial areas "bakery (only wheat) residents commercial areas Fig 4.2a Distribution of grains Hexagro Orchards Processing, Quality checks and Packaging a Fig 4.2b Distribution of fruits & vegetables Residents Commercial areas eee ‘Commodities Requirement per person ____ (Kg year) _ 80.5 Cattle Fish Chicken Moat” Eggs Fig 4.2c Cleaning and Quatity checks | fiction of animal ecu orsg: products Residents. Commercial areas, Vegetables Fruits [Cor |MeatPrecaution Suffocation or inadequate Line of 63.75m of sight has been provided sight Solipsism syndrome Peaceful and aesthetic environment Home sickness Earth like day night cycle and facilities Adaptation to new environment Earth like environment, Variety of activities and jobs Coriolis effect Adequate artificial gravity generation Boredom Numerous sports indoor , outdoor and recreational facilities Radiation Effective radiation shielding by multiple layers of ETFE, water Loss of weight Provision of healthy food and diet charts individually Muscle atrophy Regular compulsory exercise and yoga, meditation ‘Swelling due to rise of body fluids __Arificial gravity and exercising 2 Residential design 4.2.1 Basic Types: Bellevistat will offer an aesthetic living environment with high standards of living. The community of Bellevistat will be divided into two income groups ULE er House Facilities Dimension No. of People et won Th eine ae units accommodated Married 3 bedroom +2 bath + kitchen 33 ft x 29.7 ft 575 1150, 2-4 people + dining + lounge + study - Singles King size bed + bath + 396 fx 198ft 750 1500 kitchenette House Facilities Dimension. No. of People units accommodated 775, 1550 23people + lounge a Singles Single bed + bath + 39.6 ftx19.8ft 2250 4500 kitchenette The main variation would be in the exterior architectural styles of houses in each neighborhood and residents will also have the choice to personalize their homes. The basic provisions of each house would be a modular kitchen for effective utilization of space, a study area to facilitate working at home, folding beds for facilitating extra space in rooms and kitchen gardens to give freedom of growing their choice of plants to residents, ‘A Post Occupancy Evaluation Survey will be conducted to take a feedback from the first few residents of Bellevistat and suitable changes would be made to ensure maximum practicality and comfort. The dimensions of the houses are: Fig 4.4 Low income group, married arm Fig 4.3 High income group, married | Gane SRB RAR | RTT & j SeRRESH a aan] sankitchen sanaain kitchen ae Siar Le) ec nen pean ransztn Fig 46 Transient population | —_|_Fig 4.7 High income group, single The main feature of the apartments for singles is the shared kitchen garden which will ensure interaction amongst residents and forge a stronger bond between them. Water and power conservation would also be a key feature of each home and the houses would be having the following features to ensure this: + The stove will require no fuels but would work on the heat supplied by the optical fibres + Lighting will be provided by the optical fibres which will be virtually free energy. + A separate pipe will lead all the waste water used for cooking from the kitchen and irrigate the kitchen garden through trickle drip method, ‘+ Asmart chip will automatically turn off +— Floodlights appliances in case of over cooking or Liable Protective, — delayed switching off. | onygenrTemperature * Showerheads with —_ultra-low-flow (i Control Valve version and aerators will be installed to Links To === Links To Lite save water. rge System © Support System + All home devices, appliances and Dosimeter Pocket —-+— equipments will interact with each other _ Urine Transfer &y and humans forming an electronic v Connection ecology, rane cove AUP Y For activity outside the settlement like mining and manual repair work, instead of a conventional space suit, bio suits will be used. It will facilitate light weight, ; flexibility and comfort in all extra terrestrial environments activity outside and provide life support through use of mechanical counter sheiseitlement pressure (MCP) applied to the entire body through a tight fitting suit. Grips @ Prossure Helmet Lunar/Asteroidal Shoe 24The five main componentsof this suit will be: 1. The MCP bio suit layer. 2. A pressurized helmet 3. Gloves and boots 4, Ahard torso shell 5, Alife support backpack (LSP) The life support backpack will include oxygen tanks, carbon dioxide filters, cooling water, radio, electrical power, ventilating fans and waming systems.An emergency oxygen supply tank will ft below the LSP on the backpack frame. The hard torso shell will have a chest-mounted unit which will hold all the switches, gauges, valves and LCD displays essential for operating the LSP. The astronaut, with the help of a sleeve-mounted mirror, can view this display and control module. 4.3.2 Jobs and Tools Table 4.5 Jobs and Too! Job categories No. of people Percentage Tools required | Mining 4000 22.22% Diills, lasers, conveyor betts, Engineers and Technicians 3000 crevices, pry bar, PDA, / Low-g industries 2500 Computer aided controllers, Tethers Leisure, sports and tourism 1750 Protective Glasses, | Human resources 41000 Forklifts Research and development Finance and mar Robot control, rep: maintenance ‘Abrasives, grinding and finishing tools, welder, Transportation and logistics 1.66% process controllers, moulds, Manufacturing and 141% ‘forklifts Lprocessing — Storage — Health care oat Medical Nanobots, surgical Hospitality and event ‘equipments, radio therapy management accelerators, MRI | Sprayers, combiners, harvesters, tillers. PDAs Animal and plant resource _ Agriculture Information services Management sector ‘onomics, statisticians _ Vehicle maintenance Law enforcement Education — i ~ Student Study Drive Natural resource and 15 0.41% PDAs, monitoring units environment management ol _ Internal and external 50 027% Display Boards, PDAs administration = Counselling, Social Guidance 50 0.27% Hardware, software 50 0.27% _management Marketing 50 0.27% ae ‘A majority of the population will be immersed in Bellevistat's most important industry; mining, which will also include metal refining, packing, storage, ete. Also, a large percentage of people will be for space tourism since it will be a major economic booster and robot maintenance which includes their repair and storage. importance will also be given to scientists for R & D and also low-g industries. Technicians and engineers will also form a major work category since there will be innumerable technical tasks in each place. The human resource category will include peopleof commercial areas, medicine, etc, The internal and external administration will handle imports and exports ‘Apart from these features, we at NH propose to conduct a trial that will benefit the purpose of Bellevistat greatly. We propose to introduce a time difference of 8 hours between the 3 domes which is easily achievable by the individual day night cycle systems. The main advantages of this system will be + Mining industries and refineries will be able to work continuously with a fully equipped staff throughout and no need of ‘night shift’ duties since manpower would alternatively be available from the 3 domes * Electricity requirements will be reduced as there will be steady power consumption and there will be smaller amount of storage required. The huge gaps between ‘daytime’ loads and ‘night time’ consumption require considerable electricity storage systems. ‘+ Distributing manpower also means that number of tools and systems required decreases (due to reuse and sharing) therefore reducing costs. + Load on public utilities also decreases (waste management, water management, ‘communication et) therefore increasing their efficiency + Inspace colonies, there will be a lot of time lag involved in going between settlements near Earth, Moon, Mars and beyond, so space colonists will have to adjust their time frames frequently. This unique arrangement on Bellevistat will allow humans to evolve and adapt themselves for their new homes in space. Traveling between countries on Earth also produces a similar time lag and although irksome, has No psychological effects, Noticeable effects occur only when people need to adjust themselves for living in a new timezone. In Bellevistat’s case, although there will be frequent travel between domes, people would not need to adjust themselves for a new cycle as they could always go back to their own dome for sleep. If this system is adopted, it might ear Bellevistat the nickname of ‘The Settlement that never sleeps!’ which will enhance the ‘work hard play hard’ culture of the young professionals who will live there. NOTE: This trial wil be conducted during the initial period of settlement's establishment. After a thorough evaluation of the benefits and disadvantages of this system, the best time system (of different time cycles or a common cycle) will be adopted. 4.3.3 Transportation: ese he ena} For Description Internal transportation —Singles____Residents will use folding cycles which are designed to be easily transported and are mass transit friendly. The bike has casters so the case can roll effortlessly when closed and the seat base acts as a carry handle the suitcase can morph into an unsightly form of transportation with just a few clips, folds, and snaps, —_ Public An automated PRT System will be used for inter and intra dome transportation. 70 such modules will circulate in the settlement, each carrying 30 people. Cargo. Transportation of cargo to and from low-g areas will be | through the elevator complex while in the domes, mini trucks will be used with a capacity of 40000 kg. Low-g For low-g transportation there will be suspensions from the transportation ceiling which will be attached to digitized pads which will have a map of the low-g area, People just have to attach themselves to the suspensions and select the place they have to go to and will automatically transport them to the selected place. 264.4 Neighborhoods Bellevistat will offer three differentiated neighborhoods, one in each dome, to suit a variety of preferences for architectural design and lifestyle choices. These would be: i. Adhering to Bellevistat's motto “work hard’, tho dome Asimov will be the ‘community that never sleeps’. A majority of its residents would be scientists and people indulged in research and development. The major features of this community would be science research centers, laboratories, telescope centre and a science library. It will also be called the Apollo Community. The architecture of this community will be ultra modem with liberal use of glass to give it a look of a crystal city. ii, To satisfy the other half of the Bellevistat motto “play hard’, the dome O'Neill will be LI the entertainment dome providing all sorts of recreational activities. Majorily of the residents would be tourists and single youths in this community. It will also be the space tourism hub containing a hotel, mall multiplex, restaurants, sports centres and river side joints. This community will also be called the Hebe Community. This community will have a special Kind of architecture; instead of any single architectural style, a mixture of popular architectural styles of Earth will be included like Chinese, Japanese, Egyptian Western, Indian and many others to give ita feel of an integrated community. iil, The third community of Bellevistat in Clarke dome will primarily be for a leisurely pace or country living. There will be abundant open green areas and pastures which will give this community its name of Pan Community. This dome will also be used for storing a majority of food grains. Its architectural style would portray country side homes and carefree, spirited living Management Robot & Serve, Building Center 7 og Hospital V — x / Commercial Residential = \ Area Assembly Hall4.5 Entertainment and Recreation 13 Entertainment and Recreation Since space tourism will be a major business domain, Bellevistat will provide numerous facilities for entertainment and also recreational ‘options to encourage physical fitness and mental stimulation of Bollevistat's tourists and residents. The major recreational facilities offered by Bellevistat will be: Cosmic walk: An insulated pathway extruding from the transport torus structure which will be made of glass on all four side, providing the tourists spectacular views of the universe and the thrill of ‘walking’ in space. The tourists will also be able to view mining in process by going near the asteroid wearing spacesuits. Adventure Island: It will be the ultimate adventure park offering the widest variety of thrill rides. Belle Rivera walk: Around Belle Rivera, the river in O'Neill dome, there will be a cemented walk surrounded by lush green trees and plants. It will be a treat for the people, especially nature lovers, Hospitality: There will be three 350 room hotels in Bellevistat in each dome. These hotels will be at the most easily accessible points in the settlement and insure comfortable living. The restaurants and cafes will offer a variety and great quality of food and drinks. The special restaurant will be ‘Vista’ which will be a river side restaurant. Sports complexes: To ensure physical and mental well being of all residents and tourists, there will be a sports complex in every dome. A special event- The O'Neill Cycle Marathon will be held annually where participants will race around O'Neill dome’s circumference. Community centre: Each dome will have four community halls for various community activities such as karaoke, barbeques, parties, etc. to encourage interaction within residents. Multi media center: There will be a multimedia center which will include the radio station and the TV station of Bellevistat. Any resident or tourist would be most welcome to participate in their programs. Bungee Jumping: There will be bungee jumping in the O'Neill dome ‘which will be an amazing thrill as one will be jumping from a platform in the elevator complex with the whole community spread out beneath Zero g recreation stadium or Cyclosphere: Since low g sports and entertainment will be a great attraction to tourists, Bellevistat will have its own low g recreation stadium consisting of 7 spheres each of 100ft in diameter connected be a log g transportation tube with The spheres will have the following features: * Central Sphere- The main control system providing as a connecting sphere. + Regular sports made fun by zero g such as basket ball, football, catch ball and tennis. + Amarathon and hurdle field along with high jumping, electrochromic windows to provide natural views of earth L This would be the ultimate thrill ride with speeds of 70mph. + A virtual reality theatre showing the history of evolution of + Aroller coaster which will be the specialty of this stagium © a man, * Ascience city revealing the mysteries of universe, * Lastly a shopping centre with special zero g accessories. | Fig 4.14 Cyclosphere (Each ‘Sphere of 100ftin diameter) 28Northdonning Heedwell HEEDWELL LNYTOMAT ION OoesicgnNm AMD Services5.0 AUTOMATION DESIGN AND SERVICES NH AAD, being a reputed and recognized leader in the development of automated systems for space applications, puts forward the following proposal for the development of automated systems: 5.1 Automation of Construction Processes _ 5.4.1 Robot Functioning: Robots used in the construction processes [ Fig 5.4 Robot Pattem of will be suitably adapted to hostile environments of outer space. thought and operation The exterior robots will have cure es a tough exterior made from tf eae] to server and. and radiation from space | scanm Motion ten ecopnten sen which will be reinforced with bert donc eval tesana petuhony a layer of paraffin wax combined with boron 10 | cosa rola, mos , i protect trom solar flare | Fetter jonny ee Conf, activity range Sei Fenian The robots will use swarm — 5 payee oat inteligonce to carry out ea le corte pr tasks collectively. They will | reclined Yeu roeram L. | peel u se use neural nets” and | tnmons orstrcon | rotons) microprocessors to gain some degree of artificial intelligence that enables them to recognize human commands over a WiMAX receiver. This will incorporate Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) technology and will store a 3-dimensional image of the area to be worked upon. Direct methanol fuel celts and lithium- ‘on rechargeable batteries will power the robots’ mechanical operations. 5.1.2 Selt-replicating systems factory: The construction module will contain an automated, unmanned manufcturing facility consisting of 100 tons of machines, tools, and tele- supervised mechanisms to permit production of useful output and replication to make more automated units based on ever-increasing e Fig 5.2 Self consignments of raw materials. The “ replicating system factory will consist of multiple sections, each with its own function. Each _—_$<___ unit will work simultaneously and utilize swarm logic to produce combined results. A percentage of the robots will be employed in replication while some robots will be employed in mining which will provide necessary raw materials for factory inflation and construction. Other robots will be responsible for construction of trusses and settlement layout. The robots will receive instructions through two servers located in the heart of the factory (which will be relocated after completion of settlement construction) over @ WiMAX receiver. The factory will be powered by arrays of solar panels 5.1.3 Robot charging, storage and maintenance: 700 external construction robots and parts will be stored at a main robot storage area in micro-gravity. Some of the robots will be deployed in the residential areas at service stations for repair and maintenance. The mining robots will be stored at the mining stations. Refueling/recharging and systems scans will be carried out at the respective storage locations. 29Psonic eke Robot Function ECR 4, Truss layout and welding 2. External construction Robotic Arm 1. Placing heavy structures 2. Exterior construction Matrix 1. House construction ___ 2. Construction of other community buildings Bellevistat Mining 1. Surface Mining Unit 2. Underground Mining Scrap Bot Minimizing wastage of construction material by sorting, compressing and incinerating it and storing the incinerated metal. Micro-worker 1. Hull damage alarm 2. Injection of epoxy-resins into self-heal material when required 3. Micro dust particle removal in external __construction and mi Materials transport ‘Space truck robots Dimensions Quantity 3.5m x 25m x 700 0.4m 15.2m x 0.38m 16 (dia.) 16m x fim x 10 44m -variable- 7350 1.3m x 0.5m x 40 0.5m (12x 10 milions ‘mide. x (0.9.x 10°)m 5.5mx2mx im 460 5.1.4 (a) ECR (Extemal Consinuction Robot): This robot will bo used in the basic layout and external construction of ‘the sottloment i.e. truss layout and welding, (b) Robotic Arm: ECR will be supported by 15.2 m long robotic arms which will have high degrees of maneuverability, will toss Fig 5.4 Micro-worker and berth payload and will provide mechanical support to heavy structures. The grasping of objects will be accomplished by an end- effector with a __cylindrical mechanism, containing a contractible snare-like apparatus of 23 cm diameter which will grapple protruding knobs attached to the payload 5.2: Facility Automation 5.21 Computing devices: We propose to use spintronics-basod data-storage devices featuring the use of a quantum mechanical effect called ballistic anisotropic magnetoresistance which _ will allow us the use of stable, versatile, fast and energy-efficient ultra high-density data-storage =m Fig 53 ECR Fig 5.5 Robotic arm Fig 5.6 Scrap bot devices utilizing transistors the size of single atoms and ultra-small read-headsimagnetic sensors. These will have a data storage capacity greater than 8 Tb/in’ (12.7 Gbimm?). Residents will also be able to store data on high-storage density portable drives. Computer processors will be based on. silicon photonics processing which will be compatible with the optical communication signals and will have a ultra-high processing capacity of 12 trillion bits per ‘second. For storage of data, the optical signal will be de-modulated to electrical form to store in the spintronic storage drive. Computer hardware will be made of composites and ceramics.5.2.2 Internal Communication: Bellevistat will provide a Fiber To The Home (FTTH) service to its residents and a Fiber To The Promises (FTTP) service for commercial purposes. Bellevistat's primary communication will be through optical fibers incorporating higher order mode dispersion ‘compensation to enable long-distance wavelength-division-multiplexing .Long distances will be spanned with help of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. The network will have a start topology centered at the server. ‘A peer-to-peer system enabled in Ad Hoc mode shall be used for wireless connectivity within the settlement. P2P connectivity will provide wireless communication options i.e. video chatting, sharing files, positioning and e-mail without the need of an access point. Each device shall contain an intemal WLAN client card and transmitter for the aforementioned purposes. The card sends probes that look for another card with which to associate. This setup enables each and every node to act as a server and client enabling real time sending and receiving. The system will follow a protocol allowing an operational frequency of 3.7 GHz covering the entire dome P2P network will have a fully- connected topology and will be connected to the dome servers. Residents will be able to access a permanent storage : i Grive with variate |-Cou‘ier robot Courier service 05x03x05 500 capacity | through LHAS. Home/office automation 0.3x0.1x0.3 tihouse the server so that they can access files fromt the drive from anywhere by simply logging in. In case of a server breakdown, will automatically come online until the original server is made functional again. In case of a multi-server breakdown, the servers from the other domes will come online which will serve only critical functions 5.2.4 Bellevistat's internet Due to the communication time delays to Earth, Bellevistat will provide its own high-speed secure server-ciient based internet as well as a telovision connaction to its residents through fiber-optic cables (Table 5.6). Such an efficient and fast system of communication will efficiently allow for extremely demanding applications from downloads and video conferencing to telemedicine, digital libraries, virtual laboratories, kinesthetic robot control etc. This internet will be periodically updated with data acquired from Earth. 2. Air purification 3. Air conditioning PME eee nas No. of Location Function RAM size Hard server disk oe ops Feet oe 2x3 FTTH, FTTP, Internet, climate control, 730.65TB 5146.8 entertainment control, security, maintenance, TB commercial operations oe 3x1 Torus Supervise functioning of agriculture robots 600 TB 3500 and systems, industrial manufacturing 8 processes a 1x1 Construction External communication, docking controls, 550 TB 4000 Module Supervising activities ‘of zero-g heavy 8 (zero-g) manufacturing industries eh 1x2 Mining Supervising mining activities, robot storage 650 TB 4500 stations __and contingency actions 1B 5 Bellevistat server network: | Robot! Function Dimensions Quantity Bellevistat — will “Computer _ (mxmxm have 15 main Centi-worker Construction grid repair 0.1 x 0.05 x 80 | severs located at 0.085 Strategic locations Personal digital 1. File sharing 0.076 x 0.016 18500 throughout the | assistants (PDA) 2. Mobile communication x 0.126 | settlement and 3. E-banking outside of the | Writing tabs 1. Writing, data storage 0.3 x 0.15 x 25000 | settlement having and page-sharing ot 4 server clusters. [HMR 1. Cleaning operations 0.8 x 0.6 (dia.)_ 2920 | | 315.2.5 Security of personal data: Damage through malware will be restricted through a strong software security system. Application layer firewalls/proxy based firewalls and data-filters will be Used to restrict transfer of harmful data to home PCs. Secure techniques of public and private key encryption will be used to deny data to interceptors, For operations requiring high levels of security such as e-banking and transfer of important data, the technique of quantum cryptography will be used. 2 central communication stations in each dome will create entangled photons by the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion and will send it to Alice and Bob through optical fibers. Use of biometrics such as iris scanning, fingerprint scanning, face recognition, retina, facial thermo gram and palm prints will be used to deny unauthorized access and will provide privacy in private networks. 5.2.6 Settlement maintenance _and_repair: Centi- worker will be used for repair operations, and will provide quick repair services to water/sewage pipes and optical fibers in the grid. Using its tool inventory consisting of a grip (magnetic), a mallet, a welding machine, a laser, a brush, a grip (suction-based), a soldering machine & a spiked shovel and applying a correct combination of tools, it shall be able to carry out repairs rapidly. Considering the manufacturing cost and transportation charges required for deploying individual repair robots for repair operations of the settlement we propose to efficiently reuse the existing construction robots that have been proposed before through reassembly and reuse of parts for extemal as well as internal | Fig 5.7 Centiaworker repairs and settlement maintenance es 5.2.7 Settlement security: Spacecrafts entering at the docks will be thoroughly scanned to prevent the entry of arms into the settlement. Surveillance of various parts of the settlement through security cameras will detect suspicious activities. Biometrics will prevent unauthorized access in restricted/private spaces. All details and movements of the people will be recorded in the dome server. 5.3 Habitability and Community Automation 5.3.1 Bollovistat smart homes: The Bellevistat ‘smart home will provide optimum comfort and security to residents and reduce the requirements for labour in routine and maintenance tasks. These smart homes will have a Central Home Automation System (CHAS) that shall be hard-wired or wirelessly connected to all other automated devices and domestic robots. This will be accomplished by a home computer system that will provide multiple communication, work and entertainment facilities which can be accessed from different rooms via TFT LCD touch screens. The smart house will be able to respond to adverse conditions and take corrective measures. The building will be able to sense the breakdown of equipment ‘and will automatically contact the service stations for repair. Residents will also be allowed to freely access community computing sources from their homes 5.3.2 Writing pads: These cheap, electronic touchpads will be used as a substitute for paper within the settlement and will store written data ‘pages’ in its memory chip. Fig 5.8 Writing pad, touchscreen display and holographic display Pee Central Home | Central Home Automation system, sensors, MEMS Automation System & | (Microelectromechanical systems) and specialized microchips, | Environment Control thermostats, Central Home Computer system [multiple displays — 40 TB hard disk, 1.5 TB RAM, 12 Tops (3 THz bandwidth) processor, _FTTH connection}Automated Appliances | House Maintenance Robot, Home theater gear — laser holographic display system (optional) — 22 inch high projections, TFT LCD (Thin- Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) touch screens for computing and viewing television, Virtual Reality gear, speaker system, automated lighting, shades and home-keeping, 3-D Printer, wireless _ charging pad _ i Automated Devices PDA, |-Band, Hydro-electric shoe, writing pad 1, Home Security Facial thermogram system at main entrance and other biometrics, Emergency reaction and alarm through internal sensing through home automation system ‘Smart Modular Kitchen | Automated microwave, chopping, grinding, juicing and mixing device, | refrigerator and dishwasher Service stations: Bellevistat shall provide a 24-hour courier tole- gis shopping service to its residents for delivery of materials ie. groceries |?" \ . and accessories to the homes through a robot delivery-service through eenme | courier robots, These stations will also allow for device-repair by sending repair robots to the homes for device inspection, failure- identification and repair. There will be one such station in each residential dome. Residents will be allowed to access these sources from their homes and workspaces. 5.3.4 Personal digital assistants (PDA) Residents will be given a multi-purpose POA that they will be able to take along wherever they go, which will store all information related to the individual. The users will have to enter a password and submit to an iris scan before they are allowed to access the files and features. Files and information from the PDA will bo feeded on to the CHAS on connection to an optical fiber port. The PDA will also allow e-banking through the secure technique of quantum cryptography. The device will be connected to an optical fibor port where the user will have to undergo an iris scan to access his electronic bank account and carry out money transactions with people through account codes. Shops, residential areas and all commercial areas will have such ports where transactions will be made possible via two-way controllers, TOUCHSCREEN Ieouneciion port Fig 5.10 PDA ete less Peer-to-peer connectivity, video and voice chat, file transfer and e-mail enabled through WLAN client card and transmitter Display 4.0" Transflective TFT, 32Kb color with LED backlight, touch screen | Built-in camera | 8 megapixel Memory 35 GB Hard disk drive, 1.5 GB RAM for running applications, silicon af photonics processor operating at 3.7 GHz Battery Rechargeable 3300 mAh Lithium-Ion battery - ‘Audio Voice recording, built-in speakerphone, microphone, one 1.5 mm stereo headphone/microphone jack al Included Touch screen keyboard, in-built wireless charging receptor, battery, flip accessories Cover, stylus, holster, headphones, data-storage drive, optical fiber port = (enabler for E-banking and data-transfer), iris scan laser [Dimensions 2.99 x 0.63 x 4.96 in (76 x 16 x 126 mm) 5.3.5 |-Band: Each Bellevistat resident will wear an I-Band with a data-storage chip around his arm which will store all personal data related to the person, his identity and history. It will also transmit infra-red signals and act as @ positioning system to pin-point exact location of the individual to the main server as well as electronic appliances. This will enable automatic deviceactivation when a resident enters a room and to enable the house to detect the presence and location of the individual. They will also be wirelessly connected to PDAs and will store money transactions, medical history and all details about the individual. 5.3.6 Electronic Ecology: All home devices and appliances and equipment will interact internally centered at the CHAS, and respond to changes. These devices will be connected wirelessly to the home automation system within the house and will also be able to “sense” the presence of the residents, his/her location, and will be able to act accordingly and automatically. For example, if a person enters a room, his I-Band will transmit his presence to the home automation will system which will immediately activate the lights of that room. In this way, it will be possible to maintain an electronic ecology between all the appliances and automated systems to create a systems network that will act collectively to achieve optimum work efficiency. The details and movements of people will also be recorded in the servers. RaSHGHAS ‘CHAS configures house through his Central Home 208 Automation > House Maintenance Robot (HMR): This robot will be used to carry out cleaning and maintenance operations in the house. it shall operate without manuel instruction “IR-CONDITIONNG fer SOCKET CAMERAS oe SHAPER o. although it will also have a facility to be remotely controlled. Fig 5.12 HMR itwill use SLAM technology to store the layout of the house which will be regularly edited with every cleaning to notify shifts in position of objects to avoid damage to fragile equipment. It will also act as a powerful air purifier & conditioner, using the same centrifuge as used in its vacuum cleaning system. After cleaning, it will automatically make its way back to an electricity port where it willserve as a powerful air conditioner. if a resident wishes to pin-point a location for the home robot to navigate, he will be able to laser point the location on a 3-D projection of the house. — STON & COMPUTING NETWORK. Central racer cus communication | [net ere contol Entangled shotons STAR EULLY CONNECTED STAR tical eomat (Peer-to-peer (Optical Fiber eae aupasted rotrort) Network) aed ae, Q -dome S -bome sever [pcdoncer] [BFfes] [Commerc ‘Mobile communication, C -Wian client card | C -cHasiclient) [ |areas E-mail, positioning and + transmitter ee Electronic ecology | (cient) Fig 5.13 Internet and other community computing sources quantum cryptography 5.3.8 Computer Connectiviy: Computer connectivity will be rey enabled through an integrated high-speed network via optical} - Undersourderd fibers and a wireless P2P network —_ According to the cost-effectiveness of transmitters, multiplexers, |=) _ singe mode optical iter receivers and fibers as well as requirements, Bellevistat will provide the following communication services through optical C= Wielesspeerto-prercornestuty fibers: Gree aR ey ae Service ‘Speed Spectral Cable setup Data pack (GBis) Efficiency ___ allocated ‘Small 128 0.048 2 multimode/cable, C+L bands, 178 bisiHz __ DWDM*-10 channels per fiber Family 281.6 2bis/Hz 1 _single-mode/cable, U-Band, 2.378 WDM-22 channels Fiber To The Premises (FTTP) Service Commercial 3276.8 8.746 3.2 bis/Hz Single-mode fibers (adjustable extendable perfiber THz number per cable), C+L bands, DWDM-160 channels Server to 286 x 8.746 3.2bis/Hz 84 single-mode fibers, C+L bands, _ server 10° TH2 DWDM-160 channels S.C." to 384 x 8746 3.2bisiHz 118 single-mode fibers, C+L _ |S. 10° THz bands, DWDM-160 channels | DWDM — Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, “*S.C. — Server cluster Industries: The industrial operations will be automated. Industrial robots and robotic arms will perform various tasks such as welding, painting, ironing, assembly, pick and place, packaging and palletizing, product inspection, and testing, all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision. There will also be machinery for carrying out industrial processes such as electroplating, moulding, purification, extraction through processes like electrolysis, fractional distillation and vacuum distillation. 5.3.10 Education: The school, the college and the university as mentioned in 4.1 will be equipped with a variety of devices that will provide top-grade internet-based education with the help of LCD/Plasma screens, graphical interfaces, digital labs, computer centers etc. Each student will have a portable Student Study Drive into which the students can work on a workstation console that will frequently relay the students’ progress to the school files 5.3.11 Hospitals: The hospitals will be equipped with a variety of equipment from MRI scanners to radiotherapy accelerators. All the surgical operations will be carried out by robots, either manually controlled or programmed. In addition, nanobots will be injected into the patient's body to clear blockages, identify and destroy cancer cells or toxic chemicals.5.3.12 Agriculture: The agricultural robot will be ‘capable of manuring, harvesting, ploughing, sowing, tiling and leveling. It functioning will be based on multiple integrated devices which will store, thresh and process agricultural product. | The farm activities will be controlled by a server located in the Hexagro. [ieecmacaame | Goan] Poeumatic ail roles robotic ame Digeing ang Seton! layout of beam I Sie nel aOR fist | made of how lunar bricks| +4 Shovels vacuum pumps fovel) sing. plombing ane bashes, rls (pneumatic), fibers (connected to gra) | | tasers, hammer, welding and rovserngmacrine Fig 5.14 4 Agriculture Inger finishing Robot = Foam dispenser, spray 5.4 Automated house construction and interior finishing Cable winder, electcal simian iy ees ESmmectons photodetectors] 5.4.1 Matrix: This construction unit will Saaionesipane andserors provide fast, efficient and easy construction i Fia 5.15 || of houses, greatly reducing the chances of accident and highly integrating the house next level} construction process. It will be able to totally disassemble and reassemble and these robots can be easily remodeled after the grid has been constructed. Matrix will have a grid-based structure with a main construction grid which has an elevator facility to move up and down. The tools on the construction grid will retract into grooves when not in use. Storage structures will also be attached to the sides of the structure. The construction grid will have a conveyor system connecting to the wheeled-base of the moving parts (robotic arms and other tools). The estimated time to be taken for construction and interior finishing of a house with help of the Matrix is 1% days. Fig 5.16 Matrix 16M ELEVATOR ‘CRANE ARM. uM EERE i aes (OBE Pees Wee eBcte ——_‘ekoermou Peery eer5.5 Automation in mining and material harvesting We propose to provide rapid, proficient and versatile methods for mining and material harvesting Mining will be carried out on the automated mining facilly on a captured asteroid _ STORAGE AREA je (SMETLTED. REGOUTH) —_ELECTROACTIVE -POLYMER BASED LOCOMOTION ‘SECONDARY Pecan LINKS (DETACHABLE)-THRUSTERS TRANPORT, (ASA SUPPLEMENT epee "TRANSPORT SOURCE) [rRANsnarrTER. Fig 5.17a Cross-section of snake configuration 5.8.1 Bollevistat Mining unit: The Bellevistat Recourt mining unit will consist of series of modules CONVERGENCE connected by links with flexible hinges so as a to allow it to configure into a variety of modes according to different application. It will thus provide extreme versatility which will allow it LeNaTH a3 to fulfil a wide range of applications apart from even mining and will be able to reconfigure itself in case of a situation with a | // Fig 5.17b probably accidental outcome or which will eisai hamper its work, to safety. The mining robot (snake configuration) will be able to dig/wiggle through the ground like a snake. It will be consist of a cylindrical shell made entirely out of Numerous interconnected plates enclosing the main function systems equipment of the module, The plates will have holders which clamp on to equipment such as a computer unit. lis entire body will be flexible with the hinges acting as nodes as basis of movement. The robot will bore a tunnel into the asteroid and as it does so regolith will pour into the conveyor boxes to be transported to processing modules where it will be ground, melted through lasers and pass on to the storage modules. Locomotion will be achieved through electroactive polymers and thrusters. ‘GPU POWER GENERATOR, EQUIPMENTS DRIVES Ft an 5.18a Soider Confiauration Fia 5.18b 37Bellevistat mining unit will be a transformable robot. At the mining station, to configure into spider, its modular sections will reassemble, plates will change configuration and additional mining parts such as scoops will attach to the robot, The reassembled modules will perform tasks like processing and power-generation. The Bellevistat mining robot (spider configuration) will be used for surface mining. When its drill moves downward, the scoops will sweep away and vice-versa. The drill, moving downward, will dnill into the ground. Then, it will move upward and the scoops will toss the regolith into an open storage enclosure in absence of gravity. After the process is repeated several times to fil the enclosure, foldable doors will unfold and enclose the storage area and the mined material will be deposited at the station. The modular sections of the Bellevistat mining unit will also be able to dislodge and rearrange to form bigger, more complex structures for various special purposes such as displacing threat-posing asteroids and also aid during settlement construction. The robots will work using their own artificial intelligence and no human controller will be required except tele-supervisors who will supervise proceedings and will act during emergencies and signal commands to the robots, 5.5.2 Transportation of mineral ore TAGREVECTERES Ss The space truck will be used for the BOOSTERS i transport of mineral ore from mining slations to the settlement. §.5.3 Blasting: Mining will also be made easier by controlled blasting at the asteroids to soften and melt the asteroid ores, Chemical explosive (along with oxidizing S agent) will be placed deep within the asteroid with the help of the mining robot (snake configuration) for carefully controlled detonation STAR TRACKER, TRUSTER! cyRoscore 5.8.4 Mining Stations: The mining | FOR CHANGING stations will be “anchored” on to the | ORIENTATION asteroid and will be equipped with tools, refining equipment and rescue robots with developed Fig 5.19 Space truck WIMAX communication systems. These stations will also carry out primary refining by reducing the regolith to powdered form and molten form Mineral ores . chrystolite, colemenite, carlsbergite, (Asteroids) feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, gypsum, quartz, oligoclase and other high- albedo, rock-forming minerals — Mineral ores limenite, pyroclastics, feldspar, plagioclase, olivine, rutile (Moon) F a — Important Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, silicon, germanium, titanium, calcium, extractable aluminium, platinum, zinc, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, lead, elements __nickel, rhodium, iridium, rhenium, osmium, ruthenium, palladium, gold Methods of Electrolysis, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, reduction, magnetic traction separation and electrophoresiseye Northdonning Heedwell HEEDWELL SCHEDULE AND costey oz Ww oz oF oz ee [ee [Ze | 9e | se | ve | ee | ze | te Joe | ee oz | oz | oz | oz | oz | oz | oz | oz | oz | oz | oz "700d | Se PAsapISUoD a18 SyjUOW 9 pue | UaeMjag SpoUed sul] TSOO ONY SINdaHOS 0S ee 02 Sr 96h 8S 06 gL. Zot 9 SL SuUOW JOON 4e94 (00S9;) uoReindog jews © pue ZL) SHOOp [eISIUIUIOD Sun 6 Moy pue whipeis 6 o18z ‘SMB, JEUNT JO UOOMUSUOD (E92) UOHSNASUOS Billog = O1BExSH UOIEAAIS 1 bui6uug ¢ kanuns poraisy (0001) voneindog Bug ______ SBuipling feusayur jo UoHSASUOS Suoweayipou pasinbas pue Bunsa snpul JO UONAASUOD ‘se6UeUD aigeuns ajei0di05u) ($d) SoiNIag UOWEnjeng KouednoIG ISO (00s) uonendod js1y BuiSung use| einjonaseyul SBuIpung [eusa|U] jo wONONSUOD USIP OT/STeS UOHEDIUNTUOD ‘OuBeXaH JO WOHOMSUOD “20 JO UORIMASUOD Jo\eAa!a JO VORONASUOD 390g SOUeUATLIEW pue Jeday TWaWaMES 40 UIGS TEN] 'S1J0} 84 Buipuey WHIOBAI jo uOHDaIIOD Le ‘SJOqoI VOHSAISUOD JO VORIMSUOD '$00un0S@1 JeUN} JO UORIENS ‘Sogo! Bulully jo uonansuoD | ‘Sayjaies pUE Sa/OIYaA soedg JO UONONASUOD ‘SINPOWN UONSTaIsuGS JO yoUNe| pue Aiquiassy | qweuidojenad pue yreasey | ‘aidoad Bun WUE einpoyos ‘ainpayas uonanjsuog pue ubiseq 1iSIA0I10g INPOUDS 19 1G,6.2 Costs UIs Major Tasks Involved Completion Date Ma] Completion Date prac D 28 December 2042 Asteroid selection and 3 January 2037 (Ds transfer Launch of Construction 31 December 2030 ElevatorHexagro & Dome 1 July 2039 Module construction(2&3) Setting up of 30 April 2031 Construction of lunar torus 1 March 2039 ‘communication satellite dish J Construction of internal 30 June 2032 Zerog stadium andLewg 1 December buildings 2038 Settling of 1” 1 June 2032 ni 4 August 2041 population(500) Construction of, 31 December 2033 Settling of final 4 duly 2042 industries population(16500) Table 6.3 Phase Wise Employee and Cost Distributions (mn=million) [Phase | Employees | Major Tasks Involved Costs(in USS) _ Construction of Construction Robots Engineers:1800 | Assembly and Spinning of Settlement | $450 mn. Construction:500 | Construction of First Living Habitat $18965 mn Technicians:1400 | interior Constructions ‘$1875 mn. (For 3 Years) Settling First Population $300 mn Testing and required modifications $500 mn | R&D: 200 Set up of industries '$10000 mn | Engineers’ 1500__ | Asteroid selection and transfer $675 mn . 3 Construction: 500 | Construction of remaining Habitats | $3000 mn _ Net: | Technicians:1200 | Interior Constructions $2570 mn__| 931445 mn (For 10 Years) | Construction of Docks & Zero g units | $4800 mn Settling of Final Population $9900 mn ee Extraction of lunar resources will continue even after the completion. eee Department ‘Salary per person Total Salary Research & Development $ 80000/yr = S52mn Engineers '$ 70000/yr a 1680 mn "Construction $ 45000/yr 310 mn — ] Technicians $ 60000/yr 1405 mn I Total $3647 mi 1 40eve ae, ze bye age ore ee oaed ee veemes ge seaies reee. ee oie ze iaen beojaey ez geL zvoimes oz szemer re 'ezaqe, zz ages bz eres Tsrerel bre Oy oh one Bis st ecstta oh 9e sese reba et ee6y a zey a z i veby ou 1 evz6i4 ob zz 64 oO Lez Ob2 Gig, 6 6 ez ez By 8 poae26y gz'sz ‘pt ez 77 Big s $ + io £ v6 1 Teramby Ppourssuey | abeG jwawaGeuey eisen o1ve6l0u) pue o1uebi9, oWsodwog siy pue AypUny “eunjereduie | luarskg so1en9/3 pue vodsues, aysawog Bei0}g pue uoanquisig ‘uoronpold AINA SuIjag pue Buibexoey ‘sBei0Ig ‘Bunsanley WMOID, sinpoyy ab e015 S987 pue eaunog "juauidinb3 sounog pue sainjeo4 ‘sjeuaieny yrjosaimeay 8490g payesedas Alapim sno ‘swiaisAs fenowas-ajaqied-osoiyy 595S200ly UONDENXS [2/0UIN sseounose, BulUku jo asn yUEry)3 siuouoduiog jesmonag solew yo Aiquiassy ouBexay pur any jemuad ‘28eq auiog “suc Pezunsseidun pue AneIB-0.01" ‘uoNngLIsiC Bayy UMCDIEN. 38184 J8)05 WlO4 UOHDaIO1e ue sanog oneis0.19913 ‘suoRIpeY Jo uoKoay}8q, SoBe|UENpy pue Saunjea4 'SIeUREN Sebeiuenpy pue sainjesy u6iseq snso4-2wog ajdy14 payesBaquy anbiun, souariadxa sieak ¢ Seg YER ou WO) wawabevew aise ronueg seWieaNn uonevodsues) jeweiu} uoweeuag for909/3 vuownpoiy poo ‘aumonasesjuy Ayunutuiog ‘aBei0is pue uoweuodsues,, ‘sjueuidinb3 uuoronusuog ‘aumanayseayuy pue sanioeg aumonaseyuy pue suopesedo ‘8909 Jo uondussag 18nQ Woy uoNa}oug qwewyoeuy jeunjonas aunideg pioseisy Suluiu! prounsy ‘ouenbas uonanysuoy S#OMION PUD s9sn pue sucisuauig Bumoys jwawienes jo main quowaBueny 1 Buneio.-u0N 9 SuneIOy UaEHeq LONOUNE sSluavoduiog jin} soleyy jo vouduasaq funeig opnasy uonesnByuog jeuseng uBiseq jesmonns Aseunuing aanngaxz iWeueTnbsy sze ze eze zze bee ze ere ere ze bee ve or sz eve zee ee ve £% vee bez zz viz ee zz be oz or TonseSbeige, oy e19e1 Spee. ery ages ev ones ZregeL ae y age, weemges cee aes ere orge, ere ‘zre age, sre age. sre ae, pre aiaet gs'ss vse bis zs6is rs64 precy Big zee Eee. ‘ovr ev 61s orbs Lee Syren oy oaezy By by Bis oreo wre Bid ere sy zeby oe 62 6c ez 6z a a 9% sz v2 w ez ez ee zz w iz oz oe oz 6 a a “ a a a Bulssasoid sa1uoqoud ‘saoinap so1uoHuids 109 de10g ‘say Jom-osoyy WHE aHOGOY HOS are sB2i015 souojoe; Suneoidaryag ‘SyeU jeinau ‘ABojouyoa} WY Ig Sleva}EW Busio\ueN ‘azayds0}2Ko pue MIEN JeAIY aIr9g “MIeA 214809 ‘suods ‘o1uag Ajunuiod ‘Si12W ‘S]910H ‘Ayunuiwoy ued ue Aj1unuios aq} ‘Ajunuiwoy ojoddy suleishg uoneyodsues, 6 mo7 pue /eUsaU) posn Sj00] pue 'sqor 40 eBequad!eq PUB ONEDOIIy soumea, pue sos) jindod yuaisuesy pue O11 ue O|H e/BUIS (onidrosn swoou) #07 § (9IH}dno19 awoDu) UBIY peLIEYy Soipawuoy pue sioay3 18016 0)0u9/S 4 5 8} UUM LONNGLISIP 40} NP EIOIe, ‘ea jo voNnquisig Lonevado pue jue ABI9Uy ‘AIgeuNg “Aun JEIENA so1Mes39 salud GE "24 pue “boy eouy ‘vones07 ‘sjeunuy ‘S9Io1yeA 9aeds pue sojoiyon Ann uaunedag '95u j2o1ueysouo.o—13 pue SWAISKS DIO 10914) ‘o}D9)09 2210s & YM payesBaIUl SiOMIW 3YOqeIEd Jo SOuEg, ABojouyoay anemosoyy pUEG-X NWIM ue saa: | ayes Buyofoey saieny Buueei9 paso.y Bunndwog uoneworny Auoey sjogou uononasuog ‘spueuaiUIeW pue abei0;s SuiB1e\o 1oqeH Lvoweaijde1 10903) Buwoysung joao sassaz01q uononasucg jo uoReWOInY saaialag pue ubjsag uonewoiny uoneei29y pue juowurenaUua onenuaseyig pooysoqysion, woevodsues, soa pue sqor insog yuowuouAus HOM, sedky 91806 ubisaq jenuapisey sajgewnsuo9 jo walsh uounauisiq, wojeooity puey ubiseq Ayunuu0s ssojoey uewinyy senbiuuoay Suiquinig aunyuung SreuaIeNY annenou} 4 sonm2e4 pue pae4 jeuluy ‘aamjonaysesjuy 2eds wuowa6eusyy 21:5 Ko JUIN Kea Uonestunuwag jewienes, Uwoweowunuwos jeuseyut ‘ss200/q Buhay J21eM, bes zs res ers zs res Vs os oy ve eer wep bey ey bey wy ely zy bey by or se ze bse se ve re oze eze eze ze ozev9 e9'z9aneL b9eideL gsene, sre ys ome es ere. aezsoigeL ers 84 ers 41664 ors sis 6 prs bia ers zs bua 6g ors6u 6561 es 61 rs bia ov ee ee ge a a oe 9c 9 se se se se ve ve ee ee ee ze ze ze ze ze ze te le le souejes pue uornguisia 3809 pue aafojdua asim aseud ‘s4se1 soley ainpayss uonsnnsuo9 pue ubIsag YeisiAol1Og sonbiuyoe; Guiuyss pue suoneis Gulu Suysel vena aveds un Bu eISINOIOR sue oqo: jemmynouse pue yuswidinbs jeunynaute peyewoiny \uawdinbs 1e21p3y4 ‘anug Apis weprIS juewinbs leuisnpul perewoiny pomen dz ‘Seay IeoNdO (anu) ogo soueuaiiew asro ‘sooinap Buyaeiaiuy puegss (yaa) siueisisse jen6ip jeuosiag yog0u saun09, saded 10} aymyysang auoy uows yeIsia98 svouueas ‘serowe9 ou janing 51090: (vo nysuo9) sredey seY.OMIUE suemaug Sloisnp sanues ¢‘Suanias ¢1 WOMAN aZa 's!8qy Leo Bunsoo ainpeyos 4809 pue ajnpayas ‘ouaBujuoo pue uorsinadns BuLIW ‘sonbuypo | Bunay avo yesourus jo uoneyodsuest oqo: Buin Sunsomey jeuoew ue Buluiw ur uoReWOINY oqeu Bulystuy sovaqu! pue UoHONusuOD esnoH ‘Buiysiuy 1ouaWU! pue uopannsuoa asnoy payewowny ‘aumynouBy so e0np3 seusnpuy Aunpaeuung seindwog eoueuaquieyy asnohy ‘69003 o1u0s09)3 ‘BuILONIsOg Bujueg-a 'seoInep leuosieg suoiels eonves, sped Bununn sauoy ut uonewoiny uonewoiny Ayunuwos pue ‘undes yawns sredes pue soususuiew jwewaNies jep leuosied jo Aunsag abueuoxe uojewuoyut ue Auyoeuucasajut Ayunus0D Joma 19019 JPISNOI9a oyeotunuawog jessy z9 bo 09 rss ess zss iss ss Les vs aes bes ores es ees ges oes ses res ees zes res es ss 97s zs vzs ezs zzsAPPENDIX A (Structural Design and Schedules and Costs} Mathematical Tools Using a computer model, the area of the surface created by the intersection of a cylinder of 1200m radius (representing the equi- pseudogravitational surface) and a dome of radius 460m is 667437.65 m* In the proposal, all Dome ground dosigns have been taken as a circle of radius 460 m. The longest distance between 2 points will be the arc formed in the dome as shown. Using the figure on the right: Sina = 0.19167 «= 0.19286 radians 11.05 degrees 0.7144 radians 14.2 degrees Arc lenath = Angle (in radians) x Radius Arc length = (0.77144) x (1200) = 925.728 m ‘Compared to diameter of dome 920 im, the difference of 5.728 m is negligible so the depiction of base as a circle of radius 460m is justified Also the area of such a circle will be 664761m’ which is approximately the value of 667437.65 m” generated by the computer modelCalculations & Dimensions Dome Panels Side of 1 equilateral triangular panel: V3 m = 1.73205 m Area of 1 triangular panel: 1.299 m” Thickness of ETFE: 0.5m Thickness of Self Heal: 0.25 m Thickness of water: 0.55 m Thickness of regolith: 3.20 m Thickness of glass: 3.20 m Thickness of Kevlar & Mylar; 0.5 m Volume of ETFE: 0,64951905 m* Mass: 3390380550 kg Volume of Self Heal: 0.3247595 m Mass: 977227256.6 kg Volume of water: 0.714470 m° Mass: 2193772727.9 kg Volume of regolith: 4.1569219 m* Mass: 19145678397 kg Volume of glass: 4.1569219 m* Mass: 32917803057.24 kg Volume of Kevlar & Mylar: 64951905 m* Mass: 2792078100 kg : Outer Curved Surface Area of 1 Dome=2 x pi x r° = 1329522.01 m* Total Outer Curved Surface Area of Domes= 3988566.03 m? No. of triangular Panels = Total area / area of 1 panel = 3070489.63279 panels Total Volumes. ETFE: 1994341.5 m’ Self heal: 997170.6779 m°> Water: 2193772,7279 m° Regolith: 12763785.598 m’ Glass: 12763785.598 m? Kevlar & Mylar: 1994341.5 m° Aluminum Titanate tubes (length: 5m, cross-section area= 0.0078 m°) 1 tube is common to 6 prism panels. No. of tubes= 511748.272 Total Volume= 19958.1826 m’ Mass- 32917803057.24 kg Total Bottom surface area of domes = 1994283.0164988 m* Thickness of bottom shield = 5m Volume of shortcrete for bottom shield = 971415.0824 m Volume of domes = 611,580,125.05 m Transport Torus Volume of Transport torus = 14,804,406.601 m? Surface Area of Transport Torus= 1184362.5281m’ Thickness of transport torus shield = 2.5 m Volume of transport torus walls made of regolith= 2960881.3203m? Mass: 4441321980 kg Length of transport torus = 7539,8223 m Volume of soil for transport torus= 3224070.7710 m* Mass: 5480920310 kgHexagro Volume of 1 Hexagro = 5155882.241 m? Total Volume of Hexagros = 15467646.724 m? Area of 1 level of Hexagro= 28643.790 m? Total volume of soil for Hexagros = 1031176.44 m? Mass: 1752999948 kg ‘Surface Area of hexagros = 512062.74 m? Thickness of hexagro walls= 2m Volume of regolith for hexagro walls = 1024125.48 m? Mass: 1536188220 kg Elevator Complex Total Volume of Elevator complexes = 407150.40790 m? Total Surface Area of Elevator Complexes= 135716.8026 m? Total Volume of regolith required for elevator complexes= 1357 16.8026 m? ‘Mass: 203575204 kg Lunar Torus Volume of Lunar Torus= 7106115.16878 m* Surface Area of Lunar Torus = 355305.7584 m? Volume of regolith for L Mass: 1332396594 kg Central Sphere Volume of Central Sphere = 523598.77559 m’ Surface Area of CS= 31415.926 m’ Thickness of CS=5m Volume of Panels of CS= 157079.6326 m” Mass: 235 619 449 Kg Zero g Sphere Thickness of glass walls= 1m Volume of glass = 31415.926 m* Mass: 81 021 673.2 kg Transport vertical tube Radius = 5m Length Volume= 47123.8898 m* Surface area = 18849.5559 m? Thickness of walls = 2m Volume of regolith required = 37699.11184 m° Mass: 56548667.8 kg Industry Complex Side length = 150 m Height of each level =20m Volume = 7006500 m? Total Surface Area = 701480.577 m* Volume of regolith required = 2104441.7312 m* Mass: 3158662600 kg Commercial Docks Tunnel length = 500 x 3m Radius of tunnel = 3m TOTAL Surface area = 28274.333 m? Volume of docks = 5.0 x 10° ra*Solar panels Solar panels cover 1/3 area of dome Total Area Area of solar panels in central disk: pi (370°-150") 1329522.01 my TOTAL REGOLITH REQUIRED = 29,872,371,700 kg Line of Sight Average height of a human= 1.7m Line of sight=V 3.4R-2.89 R= radius of torus Transport torus: 64.8m Lunar Torus: 27.6m Moment of Inertia (Assumption: Uniform distribution of mass) = MR® M=mass R=perpendicular distance from rotational axis Theorem of Parallel Axis used to calculate Moment of Inertia of a Hollow sphere at a distance R from axis(for domes) Neevaion = ML/3 |icontral Spnexe, = 0.4MR® ous) = MR Centrifugal Acceleration a=Rw° cceleration =perpendicular distance from rotational axis ingular Velocity Stability of Domes A geodesic dome is an almost spherical structure based on a network of great circles (geodesics) lying approximately on the surface of a sphere. The geodesics intersect to form triangular elements that have local triangular rigidity and yet also distribute the stress across the entire structure. itis the only man-made structure that becomes proportionally stronger as it increases in size. When completed to form a full sphere, itis known as a geodesic sphere Of all known structures made from linear elements, a geodesic dome has the highest ratio of enclosed volume to weight. Geodesic domes are far stronger as complete units than the individual struts would suggest. Of course, like all domes, geodesic domes provide an enclosed space free of structural supports. Domes are very strong, actually getting stronger as they get larger. The basic structure can be erected very quickly from lightweight pieces by a small crew. Domes as large as fifty meters have been constructed in the wildemess from rough materials without a crane, The dome is also aerodynamic, so it withstands considerable wind loads, such as those created by hurricanes. Wooden domes have a hole drilled in the width of a strut. A stainless steel band locks the strut's hole to a steel pipe. With this method, the struts may be cut to the exact length needed. Triangles of exterior plywood are then nailed to the struts. The dome is wrapped from the bottom to the top with several stapled layers of tar paper, in order to shed water. and finished with shingles. Temporary greenhouse domes have been constructed by stapling plastic sheeting onto a dome constructed from one-inch square beams. The result is warm, movable by hand in sizes loss than 20 feet, and cheap. It should be staked to the ground to prevent it being moved by wind Steel-framework domes can be easily constructed of electrical conduit. One flattens the end of a strut and drills bolt holes at the needed length. A single bolt secures a vertex of struts.The nuts are usually set with removable locking compound, or if the dome is portable, have a castle nut with a cotter pin. This is the standard way to construct domes for jungle-gyms. Concrete and foam plastic domes generally start with a steel framework dome, wrapped with chicken wire and wire screen for reinforcement. The chicken wire and screen is tied to the framework with wire ties. A coat of material is then sprayed or molded onto the frame. Tests should be performed with small squares to achieve the correct consistency of concrete or plastic. Generally, several coats are necessary on the inside and outside. The last step is to saturate concrete or polyester domes with a thin layer of epoxy compound to shed water. ‘Some concrete domes have been constructed from prefabricated, prestressed, steel- reinforced concrete panels that can be bolted into place. The bolts are within raised receptacles covered with little concrete caps to shed water. The triangles overlap to shed water. The triangles in this method can be molded in forms patterned in sand with wooden Patterns, but the concrete triangles are usually so heavy that they must be placed with a crane. This construction is well-suited to domes because there is no place for water to pool on the concrete and leak through. The metal fasteners, joints and internal steel frames remain dry, preventing frost and corrosion damage. The concrete resists sun and weathering. Some form of internal flashing or caulking must be placed over the joints to prevent drafts. (from Wikipedia }APPENDIX B (Operations and Infrastructure) ALGORITHM FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT The basic steps to be undertaken have been highlighted in the table ASSIMILATION Waste shall be assimilated with the help of pipelines. These pipelines will have roller systems that will help in moving the waste. All pipes will follow a trellis pattem enabling fluid movement of waste. This waste shall be then stored or collected into a central tank from which it will be allotted specific identification as per processing requirement. The pipelines from the same can be clearly seen in section...(Grid) PROCESSING DETAIL Types Processing Detail Organic Waste Bio Waste This type of waste pertains mainly to kitchen waste and agricultural waste. Specific processing will be done so as to get maximum output. The real nexus of the waste management system lies in this stage. Processing of organic waste is basically three headed. First, organic waste like kitchen waste or Agro waste is turned into manure or fodder for animals. Secondly a portion is sent to half-dome plant to be turned into methane. Thirdly, the leftovers are converted into oil by an advanced form of thermal conversion. In which, the waste is heated to 500 degrees Fahrenheit and pressurized to 600 pounds per square inch. In 20 minutes, the process replicates what the deep earth does to dead plants and animals over centuries, chopping long, complex molecular chains of hydrogen and carbon into short-chain molecules, Bacteria that shall break bio-waste into its constituents will enact upon the bio-waste collected. A basic form of controlled tissue culture shall be used. All level 3 norms and regulations will be followed. After accumulation the excreta will irst and foremost be processed in anti-infecting foam, Then an assessment shall be made. The assessment shall depict specifics about Suitable forms of conversion ‘Sub steps include the transportation of this matter to areas where it shall be converted into the following: 1. Methane | 2. Water | Industrial Waste The indusirial waste shall be categorized as organic and inorganic. These primary identifications shall enable the waste management system to work more competently as industrial organic waste shall follow the same processing detail as specified above in sub-heading The inorganic waste shall be further sub-categorized into a poly-tier system. A, Pyrolysis of solid inorganic waste converts the material into soli, liquid and gas products. The liquid oil and gas can be burnt to produce energy or refined into other products. The solid residue (char) can be further refined into products such as activated carbon B, Plasma gasification is the gasification of matter in an oxygen-starved environment to decompose waste material into its basic molecular structure. Plasma gasification does not combust waste as incinerators do. It converts inorganic waste into an inert vitrified glass.UTILISATION The waste that has been converted into fodder, methane and oil will be used as per their merits. Fodder will be used to feed cattle and methane, oil shall be used as a fuel A gram of activated carbon may have a surface area in excess of 400 im, with 1500 m? being readily achievable. For comparison, a tennis court is about 260 m*. Carbon aero gels, while more expensive, have | even higher surface areas, and are used in special applications. Some potential applications on site are 1.Activated carbon is used in metal extraction, water purification medicine, sewage treatment, air filters in gas masks and filter masks filers in compressed air and gas purification. 2. Activated carbon is used to treat poisonings and overdoses following | oral ingestion. It prevents absorption of the poison by the gastrointestinal tract. In cases of suspected poisoning, medical personnel either administer activated carbon on the scene or at a hospital's emergency department. Activated carbon has become the |__ treatment of choice for many poisoning SPECIFIC INFO “PROCESSING OF FAECAL MATTER The assessment shall contain the following objectives: Carbon content Detailed composition by spectroscopy PIPELINES ‘The system of pipelines is generally a very simple and effective system. It inculeates the Use of a trelis pattern that means that the pipes from individual households will meet the main pipeline at right angles. Pipes will make use of rollers aiding the movement of the waste. In order to eradicate the problem of waste getting stuck pressure pads shall be kept in between the roller spaces. 4.2.1 PRESSURE PADS Pressure pads refer to pads that are designed to move in a particular direction on application of pressure. These pressure pads will rise when the waste gets stuck allowing the waste material to get back in the chain of movement. 4.3 LEVEL 3 NORMS A set of norms laid down for labs. These contain the following major objectives: 1. Precaution against spreading of infection 2. Specific culture medium 3. Automated Assessment System 4, Equipment to tackle disaster and risk capacities ACTIVATED CARBON Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal or activated coal, is a general term which covers carbon material mostly derived from charcoal. For all three vatiations of the name, ‘activated’ is sometimes substituted with “active”. By any name, itis a material with an exceptionally high surface area,ELECTRICTY STORGE FOLDING CYCLE Folding cycles are designed to be easily transported and is mass transit friendly. The bike has casters 50 the case can roll effortlessly when Closed and the seat base acts as a carry handle the suitcase can morph into an unsightly form of transportation with just a few clips, folds, and @ So Rotation ProcessAPPENDIX C (Automation Design and Services) The robotic arms used in the construction process will be based on the following robotic arm design: wrist Yaw SE wast Corv & Light ist Ph Jon | End Etec Elbow CCTV } “ Elbow CCTV ower aim Boom (opto) MPM - Upper Arm Upper Arm Boom, \ Wrist Roll f MRL -weist Joint MPM - Wrist {MRL -LowerArm MPM -Lower Arm Elbow Pitch Joint MRL -Upper Arm | ‘ ‘Shoulder Brace Shoulder Pitch Joint Shoulder Yaw Joint Logeron Canada arm The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS), or Canadarm (Canadarm 1), is a mechanical arm used on the Space Shuttle to maneuver a payload from the payload bay of the orbiter to its deployment position and then release it. It can also grapple a free-flying payload, maneuver it to the payload bay of the orbiter and berth it in the orbiter. It was first Used on the second Space Shuttle mission STS-2, launched November 13, 1981. Since the destruction of Space Shuttle Columbia during STS-107, NASA has outfitted the SRMS with the Orbiter Boom Sensor System, a boom containing instruments to inspect the exterior of the shuttle for damage to the thermal protection system. Itis expected the SRMS will play this. role in all future shuttle missions. Self-replicating systems factory: A self-replicating machine is an artificial construct that is, Capable of autonomously manufacturing a copy of itself using simpler components or raw materials taken from its environment. The concept of self-replicating machines has been most notably advanced and examined by, Homer Jacobsen, Edward F. Moore, Freeman Dyson, John von Neumann and in more recent times by K. Eric Drexler in his seminal book on nanotechnology, Engines of Creation and by Robert Freitas and Ralph Merkle in their landmark review Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines which provided the first comprehensive analysis of the entire replicator design space. The future development of such technology has featured as an integral part of several plans involving the mining of moons and asteroid belts for ore and other materials, the creation of lunar factories and even the construction of solar power satellites in space. The possibly misnamed von Neumann probe is one theoretical example of such a machine. Von Neumann also worked on what he called the Universal Constructor, a self-teplicating machine that would operate in a cellular automata environment. A self-replicating machine is, as the name suggests, an artificial setf-replicating system that relies on conventional large-scale technology and automation. Certain idiosyncratic terms are ‘occasionally found in the literature. For example, the term “clanking replicator” was once used by Drexler to distinguish macroscale replicating systems from the microscopic nanorobots or ‘assemblers® that nanotechnology may make possible, but the term is informal and is rarely used by others in popular or technical discussions. Replicators have also been called "von Neumann machines" after John von Neumann, who first rigorously studied the idea. But this, term ("von Neumann machine") is less specific and also refers to a completely unrelatedcomputer architecture proposed by von Neumann, so its use is discouraged where accuracy is important. Von Neumann himself used the term Universal Constructor. Artificial Intelligence and Neural Network: ‘A neural network is an interconnected group of nodes, akin to the vast network of neurons in the human brain. Theoretical properties: Capacity Artificial neural network models have a property called ‘capacity’, which roughly corresponds to their ability to model any given function. It is related to the amount of information that can be stored in the network and to the notion of complexity. Convergence Nothing can be said in general about convergence since it depends on a number of factors. Firstly, there may exist many local minima. This depends on the cost function and the model. ‘Secondly, the optimization method used might not be guaranteed to converge when far away from a local minimum. Thirdly, for a very large amount of data or parameters, some methods become impractical. In general, i has been found that theoretical guarantees regarding convergence are not always a very reliable guide to practical application Generalisation and statistics In applications where the goal is to create a system that generalises well in unseen examples, the problem of overtraining has emerged. This arises in overcomplex or overspecified systems when the capacity of the network significantly exceeds the needed free parameters. There are two schools of thought for avoiding this problem: The first is to use cross-validation and similar techniques to check for the presence of overtraining and optimally select hyperparameters such as to minimise the generalisation error. The second is to use some form of regularisation. This is a concept that emerges naturally in a probabilistic (Bayesian) framework, where the regularisation can be performed by putting a larger prior probability ‘over simpler models: but also in statistical learning theory, where the goal is to minimise over ‘two quantities: the ‘empirical risk’ and the ‘structural risk’, which roughly correspond to the error over the training set and the predicted error in unseen data due to overfitting By assigning a softmax activation function on the output layer of the neural network (or a ssoftmax component in a component-based neural network) for categorical target variables the outputs can be interpreted as posterior probabilities. This is very useful in classification as it gives a certainty measure on classifications. Dynamical properties Various techniques originally developed for studying disordered magnetic systems (i.e. the spin glass) have been successfully applied to simple neural network architectures, such as the Hopfield network. influential work by E. Gardner and B. Derrida has revealed many interesting properties about perceptrons with real-valued synaptic weights, while later work by W. Krauth and M. Mezard has extended these principles to binary-valued synapses. Optical fiber communication: Fiber-optic communication is @ method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and played a major role in the advent of the Information Age. Because of its, advantages over electrical transmission, the use of optical fiber has largely replaced copper ‘wire communications in corer networks in the developed world The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal using a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, and receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal.Technology Modern fiber-optic communication systems generally include an optical transmitter to convert an electrical signal into an optical signal to send into the optical fiber, a cable containing bundles of multiple optical fibers that is routed through underground conduits and buildings, multiple kinds of amplifiers, and an optical receiver to recover the signal as an electrical signal. The information transmitted is typically digital information generated by computers, telephone systems, and cable television companies. Fiber Optic! fiber consists of a core, cladding, and a protective outer coating, which guides light along the core by total internal reflection. The core, and the lower-refractive-index cladding are typically made of high-quality silica glass, though they can both be made of plastic as ‘well. An optical fiber can break if bent too sharply. Due to the microscopic precision required to align the fiber cores, connecting two optical fibers, whether done by fusion splicing or mechanical splicing, requires special skills and interconnection technology. Two main categories of optical fiber used in fiber optic communications are multi-mode optical fiber and single-mode optical fiber. Multimode fiber has a larger core (2 50 micrometres), allowing less precise, cheaper transmitters and receivers to connect to it as well as cheaper connectors, However, multi-mode fiber introduces multimode distortion which often limits the bandwidth and length of the link. Furthermore, because of its higher dopant content, multimode fiber is usually more expensive and exhibits higher attenuation, Single-mode fiber’s smaller core (<10 micrometres) necessitates more expensive components and interconnection methods, but allows much longer, higher-performance links. in order to package fiber into a commercially-viable product, it is protectively-coated, typically by using ultraviolet (UV) light-cured acrylate polymers, terminated with optical fiber connectors, and assembled into a cable. it can then be laid in the ground, run through a building or deployed aerially ina manner similar to copper cable. Once deployed, such cables require substantially less maintenance than copper cable. Amplifiers The transmission distance of a fiber-optic communication system has traditionally been limited primarily by fiber attenuation and second by fiber distortion. The solution to this has been to use opto-electronic repeaters. These repeaters first convert the signal to an electrical signal then use a transmitter to send the signal again at a higher intensity. Because of their high complexity, especially with modern wavelength-division multiplexed signals, and the fact that they had to be installed about once every 20 km, the cost for these repeaters was very high ‘An alternative approach is to use an optical amplifier, which amplifies the optical signal directly without having to convert the signal into the electrical domain. Made by doping a length of fiber with the rare-earth mineral erbium, and pumping it with light from a laser with a shorter wavelength than the communications signal (typically 980 nm), amplifiers have largely replaced repeaters in new installations. Receivers The main component of an optical receiver is a photodetector that converts light into electricity through the photoelectric effect. The photodetector is typically a semiconductor- based photodiode, such as a p-n photodiode, a p-i-n photodiode, or an avalanche photodiode. Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors are also used due to their suitability for circuit integration in regenerators and wavelength-division multiplexers. The optical-electrical converters is typically coupled with a transimpedance amplifier and limiting amplifier to produce a digital signal in the electrical domain from the incoming optical signal. which may be attenuated and distorted by passing through the channel. Further signal processing such as clock recovery from data (CDR) by a phase-locked loop may also be applied before the data is passed on. Wavelength-division multiplexing Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is the practice of dividing the wavelength capacity of an optical fiber into multiple channels in order to send more than one signal over the same fiber. This requires a wavelength division multiplexer in the transmitting equipment and a wavelength division demultiplexer (essentially @ spectrometer) in the receiving equipment Arrayed waveguide gratings are commonly used for multiplexing and demultiplexing in WOMUsing WDM technology now commercially available, the bandwidth of a fiber can be divided into as many as 80 channels to support a combined bit rate into the range of terabits per second Dispersion For modern glass optical fiber, the maximum transmission distance is limited not by attenuation but by dispersion, or spreading of optical pulses as they travel along the fiber. Dispersion in optical fibers is caused by a variety of factors. intermodal dispersion, caused by the different axial speeds of different transverse modes, limits the performance of multi-mode fiber. Because single-mode fiber supports only one transverse mode, intermodal dispersion is eliminated. In single-mode fiber performance is primarily limited by chromatic dispersion (also called group velocity dispersion), which occurs because the index of the glass varies slightly depending on the wavelength of the light, and light from real optical transmitters necessarily has nonzero spectral width (due to modulation), Polarization mode dispersion, another source of limitation, occurs because although the single-mode fiber can sustain only one transverse mode, it can carry this mode with two different polarizations, and slight imperfections or distortions in a fiber can alter the propagation velocities for the two polarizations. This phenomenon is called fiber birefringence and can be counteracted by polarization-maintaining optical fiber. Dispersion limits the bandwidth of the fiber because the spreading optical pulse limits the rate that pulses can follow one another on the fiber and stil be distinguishable at the receiver. ‘Some dispersion, notably chromatic dispersion, can be removed by a ‘dispersion compensator. This works by using a specially prepared length of fiber that has the opposite dispersion to that induced by the transmission fiber, and this sharpens the pulse so that it can be correctly decoded by the electronics. Attenuation Fiber attenuation, which necessitates the use of amplification systems, is caused by a combination of material absorption, Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, and connection losses. Although material absorption for pure silica is only around 0.03 dB/km (modern fiber has attenuation around 0.3 dB/km). impurities in the original optical fibers caused attenuation of about 1000 dB/km. Other forms of attenuation are caused by physical stresses to the fiber, microscopic fluctuations in density, and imperfect splicing techniques. Transmission windows Each of the effects that contributes to attenuation and dispersion depends on the optical wavelength, however wavelength bands exist where these effects are weakest, making these bands, or windows, most favorable for transmission. These windows have been standardized, and the current bands defined are the following Band Description Wavelength Range O band original 1260 to 1360 nm Eband extended 1360 to 1460 nm Sband_ short wavelengths 1460 to 1530 nm C band conventional ("erbium window") 1530 to 1565 nm Lband long wavelengths 1565 to 1625 nm U band ultralong wavelengths 1625 to 1675 nm Note that this table shows that current technology has managed to bridge the second and third windows- originally the windows were disjoint. Historically, the first window used was from 800-800 nm; however losses are high in this region and because of that, this is mostly used for short-distance communications, The second window is around 1300 nm, and has much lower losses. The region has zero dispersion, The third window is around 1500nm, and is the most widely used. This region has the lowest attenuation losses and hence it achieves the longest range. However it has some dispersion, and dispersion compensators are used to remove this.Regeneration ‘When a communications link must span a larger distance than existing fiber-optic technology is capable of, the signal must be regenerated at intermediate points in the link by repeaters. Repeaters add substantial cost to a communication system, and so system designers attempt to minimize their use. Recent advances in fiber and optical communications technology have reduced signal degradation so far that regeneration of the optical signal is only needed over distances of hundreds of kilometers. This has greatly reduced the cost of optical networking, particularly over undersea spans where the cost and reliability of repeaters is one of the key factors determining the performance of the whole cable system. The main advances contributing to these performance improvements are dispersion management, which seeks to balance the effects of dispersion against non-linearity; and solitons, which use nonlinear effects in the fiber to enable cispersion-free propagation over long distances. Peer-to-Peer This type of computer network exploits diverse connectivity between participants in a network and the cumulative bandwidth of network participants rather than conventional centralized resources where a relatively low number of servers provide the core value to a service or application. Peer-to-peer networks are typically used for connecting nodes via largely ad hoc connections. Such networks are useful for many purposes. Sharing content files (see file sharing) containing audio, video, data or anything in digital format is very common, and realtime data, such as telephony traffic, is also passed using P2P technology. A pure peer-to-peer network does not have the notion of clients or servers, but only equal peer nodes that simultaneously function as both "clients" and "servers" to the other nodes on the network. This model of network arrangement differs from the client-server model where communication is usually to and from a central server. A typical example for a non peer-to- peer file transfer is an FTP server where the client and server programs are quite distinct, and the clients initiate the download/uploads and the servers react to and satisfy these requests. The concept of peer to peer is increasingly evolving to an expanded usage as the relational dynamic active in distributed networks, i.e. not just computer to computer, but human to human. Yochai Benkier has coined the term "commons-based peer production" to denote collaborative projects such as free software. Associated with peer production are the concept of peer governance (referring to the manner in which peer production projects are managed) and peer property (referring to the new type of licenses which recognize individual authorship but not exclusive property rights, such as the GNU General Public License and the Creative Commons License) Manufacturing Silicon Photonics processors: Making things smaller, faster, and cheaper ‘Silicon (Si) based water Unique properties as a Conauctoriinsulator sinexpensive and ‘abundant (made from sand) Low Cost Assembly Aligning fiber to the chip *Current alignment of fibers is ‘active Proposed alignment would need to be passive Manufactured into the Si base wih high precisionPatterning of SiO2 ———————— Wits ae] reper eS — ot BH - cares =e, Implications ‘Computers, Servers, Storage systems Continue high speed data processing trom source to CPU. poten prodessng Inthe TNs range Smaller computers, 858 heat, elimination of motherboards (by todays standards high performance fr datalcomputaton intense appcalions Large data files Building Blocks of Silicon Photonics ———— 4) Light Source 2) Guide Light 3) Modulation 4) Photo-detection 5) Low Cost Assembly _6) IntelligencePyrometalluray iT is a branch of extractive metallurgy. It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce saleable products such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further processing. Pyrometallurgical processes are generally grouped into one or more of the following categories: © Drying © Calcining * Roasting © Smelting = Refining Most pyrometallurgical processes require energy input to sustain the temperature at which the process takes place. The energy is usually provided in the form of fossil fuel combustion exothermic reaction of the material, or from electrical heat. When enough material is present in the feed to sustain the process temperature solely by exothermic reaction (i.e. without the addition of fuel or electrical heat), the process is said to be "autogenous." Hydrometalluray itis part of the field of extractive metallurgy involving the use of aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Hydrometalluray is typically divided into three general areas: = Leaching + Solution concentration and purification + Metal recovery Electroactive Polymers EAPs are polymers whose shape is modified when a voltage is applied to them. They can be Used as actuators or sensors. As actuators, they are characterized by the fact that they can undergo a large amount of deformation while sustaining large forces. Due to the similarities with biological tissues in terms of achievable stress and force, they are often called artificial muscles, and have the potential for application in the field of robotics, where large linear movement is often needed. EAP can have several configurations, but are generally divided in two principal classes: © Dielectric EAPs, in which actuation is caused by electrostatic forces between two electrodes which squeeze the polymer. This kind of EAP is characterized by a large actuation voltage (several thousand volts), but very low electrical power consumption Dielectric EAPs require no power to keep the actuator at a given position. Examples are electrostrictive polymers and dielectric elastomers, + onic EAPs, in which actuation is caused by the displacement of ions inside the polymer. Only a few volts are needed for actuation, but the ionic flow implies a higher electrical power needed for actuation, and energy are needed to keep the actuator at a given position. Examples of ionic EAPS are conductive polymers, ionic polymer- ‘metal composites (IPMCs), and responsive gels. Yet another example is a Bucky gel actuator, which is a polymer-supported layer of polyelectrolyte material consisting of ‘an ionic liquid sandwiched between two electrode layers consisting of a gel of ionic liquid containing single-wall carbon nanotubes Quantum cryptography Quantum cryptography,or quantum key distribution (QKD), uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random bit String known only to them, which can be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages. ‘An important and unique property of quantum cryptography is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from the following fundamental part of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop ‘on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. Using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement, a communication system can beimplemented which detects eavesdropping. If the frequency of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, secure communication can take place. The security of quantum cryptography relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the existence of certain mathematical functions. It should be noted that quantum cryptography is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to enerypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard ‘communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as itis provably unbreakable when used with a secret, random key. ‘Spontaneous parametric down-conversion itis an important process in quantum optics. A nonlinear crystal splits incoming photons into pairs of photons of lower energy whose combined energy and momentum are equal to the ‘energy and momentum of the original photon. "Parametric" refers to the fact that the state of the crystal is left unchanged in the process, which is why energy and momentum must be conserved (this is related to phase matching in nonlinear optics). The process is spontaneous’ in the same sense as spontaneous emission—t is stimulated by random vacuum fluctuations. Consequently, the photon pairs are created at random times. However. if one of the pair (the "signal”) is detected at any time then we know its partner (the “idler’) is present. This then allows for the creation of optical fields containing (to a good approximation) fa single phaton. As of 2008, this is the predominant mechanism for experimentalists to create single photons (also known as Fock states). The single photons as well as the photon pairs are often used in quantum information experiments and applications like quantum cryptography and the Bell test experiments. Parametric down conversion is a special case of parametric amplification. in parametric amplification, a classical laser field drives a nonlinear medium (the crystal) to squeeze an input state. In parametric down conversion, however, the input state is a vacuum state, Apart from the zero photon term (the vacuum term), the term with the highest coefficient (the most likely to occur) is the two-photon term, which corresponds to a photon pair being created. Band Description Wavelength Range band conventional ("erbium window") 1530 to 1565 nm Lband long wavelengths 1865 to 1625 nm U band ultralong wavelengths 1625 to 1675 nm ETTH & FTTP: ‘Small- G+L bands — two transmission windows simultaneously transmitting through vertical polarization multiplexing, 10 channels. Multimode fibers due to less cost, ease in construction and low requirement. Note-DWDM allows erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Spectral Efficiency - 0.048 bis/Hz Speed = Spectral efficiency * Bandwidth (cumulative) = No. of DWDM channels * speed per channel = 10 * 12.8 GBis= (11.46 * 0.048"10") bits/s Bandwidth=A Cutoff frequencies = (converting band wavelengths to frequencies using v=ciA) (1.96*10"*- 1.846"10"") Hz = 11.46 THz Family- U-band Based on 14 Tb/s transmission (singlemode). Speed per channel=102.4 Gbisichannel Speed = 14 Tbis*22/140 (reduced WOM channels) Commercial- C+L bands Spectral efficiency, channels and multiplexing based on 25.6 This transmission Bandwidth= (3276.8°8°10'/3.2)Hz 350 HIG, 190 LIG: family houses with children 800 HIG, 1360 LIG family houses without children 12000 singles apartmentsTotal - 14700 families ~8800 families will avail Small service ~2934 families per dome ~978 services per server > FTTH small requirements per server = (978*128) GB/s = 122.25 TB RAM size > FTTH small data allocation per server = (978"1) TB = 978 TB ~5900 families will avail Family service ~1967 families per dome ~656 services per server > FTTH family requirements per server > FTTH family data allocation per server (656'281.6) GB/s = 180.4 TB RAM size (686"2.3) TB = 1508.8 TB FTTP requirements per server = (3276.8*40) GB/s = 128 TB RAM size FTTP requirements per server = 1650 TB Server requirements for maintenance, robot control and other operations = 50 TB/s Server storage requirements for maintenance, robot control and other operations = 910 TB/s. Server to server data transfer ~ 250 TB Total dome server RAM size = 730.65 TB Total dome server hard disk = 5146.8 TB Total server to server requirements ~ 250 TB/s No. of optical fibers for server to server transmission ~ (250/3.2) ~ 84 fibers Total cluster to cluster requirements = 375 TB/s No. of optical fibers for cluster to cluster transmissior 148 fibersAPPENDIX D (Costs) Table Robots And Computers ECRH ‘Simniunit 700 mn Robotic Arms $200000/unit 3.2mn Scrap Bots '$5000/unit 0.2 mn _ Centiworker $10000/unit 0.8 mn — [HMR $1000/unit 29m {Courier Bots $3000/unit 1.5mn House Const. '$500000/unit Smn Mining Units '$750000/unit 1012 mn PDAS ‘$100/unit 1.8 mn Servers '$50000/unit 6.5 mn Total 1735 mn Table Equipments _—— 7 Fiywheels '$40000/unit ‘Sima | Satellite Dishes '$100000/unit “[samn | Electrostatic Precipitators '$50000/unit ‘$5mn Grid Pipes ‘$10/m $100 mn [Optical fibers ‘$30/m ‘$290: mn Water Pipes, ‘$10/unit $150 mn [Magnetic tracks ‘s20000/unit '$500:mn [Mass Dampers '$15000/unit S4mn [Solar Panels ‘$2tim Sima [Water storage '$5000/unit_ $10 mn [Airlocks $200000/unit $20:mn otal '$1100mn. {Table Agriculture and Animal Farming [Animals = $2mn [Farms ‘Stim’ | $1.5 mn [Storage Silos $10000/unit ‘$3.mn [Hydroponics ‘S10/m $13 mn Total ‘$19.5 mn Table Materials(Extraction/Processing) Regolith Togikg 2987 mn Glass Stik 32917 mn Aluminum Titanate S2hkg 65835 mn ETFE S10/kg 33903 mn Self Heal $80/kg 78178 mn Kevlar and Mylar $100/kg 27186 mn Soil 40gikg 723 mn Air 10g/mn"s. 61 mn Water 40giton 1.4mn ~ Total 241791 mnFrequently Asked Questions ‘Any fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more violent. It takes a touch of genius- and a lot of courage-to move in the opposite direction.” ‘tis a magnificent feoling to recognize the unity of complex phenomena which appear to be things quite apart from the direct visible truth.” Albert Einstein The one permanent emotion of tho inferior man is fear - fear of the unknown, the complex, the inexplicable. What he wants above everything else is safety.” Henry Louis Mencken Q. Why has a dome structure been used instead of the conventional design of a torus? A. Geodesic domes are structurally stable because it is an almost spherical structure based on a network of struts arranged on great circles (geodesics) lying approximately on the surface of a sphere. The geodesics intersect to form triangular elements that have local triangular rigidity and yet also distribute the stress across the entire structure. This ensures safely of the population. ‘An impact on a dome carries the impulse across the whole surface thus distributing the momentum, But in a torus such an impulse is carried only along a limited section of the structure. A dome's weakest link is at its connection with the base. But in Bellevistat, this has been overcome by innovative engineering, Apart from reinforcing trusses, this connection has been protected from any extemal collision by a whipple bumper mechanism, The human mind perceives the atmosphere and its immediate environment as a dome so having such a structure takes account of psychological factors too. Domes provide a higher ceiling which allows air to rise and fall gradually. In a tube like structure, air currents can acquire great speed as they can move only on a single path. This can be dangerous for the population Geodesic Domes have been part of architecture since many decades. They are a tried and tested structure. Their construction is simple and automated easily Bellevistat is proposed to have 3 domes. During construction, once the first dome is built, the Population can start moving in. This allows the settlement to start functioning even before total completion. The new residents will allow construction to proceed at a faster rate and begin the ‘main industrial processes of Bellevistat, This is a major advantage since a completion period of 15 years is a long period of time even for such huge investments. This also allows the engineers to on hand see any changes required and carry out required modifications. Northdonning Heedwell believes that the next major settlements will be buill on the surface of the Moon and Mars, and present designs all incorporate geodesic domes as habitats Providing such a living area beforehand to the next colonists of space will be an essential advantage. Q. What is a ‘Hexagro’? ‘A. The growing of all the major crops for the settlement shall take place in 3 Hexagros. The Hexagro consists of 15 hexagonal levels in which hydroponics shall be utilized for the agriculture of selected crops. Northdonning Heedwell believes that agriculture for other space based settlements and colonies can easily incorporate this innovative structural component into their designs for one of the most unique food production methods. It involves what can be termed as ‘Agricultural Symbiosis’ where one plant's waste can be the manure for another. It ‘not only involves plants but also animals like cattle, fish and poultry. This creates a sustainable and efficient food production system. The hexagonal structure is from the concept of a cell in a honeycomb, nature's very own engineering marvel.Q. What is ETFE? ‘A. ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafiuoroethylene) is a fluorocarbon-based polymer (a fluoropolymer): a kind of plastic. it was designed to be a material with high corrosion resistance and strength ‘over a wide temperature range, ETFE was used in large scale in the Eden project built in 2001. The Eden Project is a large-scale environmental complex in Comwall, UK. The project is located in a reclaimed china clay pit, located 1.25 miles (2 km) from the town of St Blazey and 3 miles (5 km) from the larger town of St Austell. The complex comprises a number of domes that house plant species from around the world, with each emulating a natural biome. The domes are made out of hundreds of hexagons plus a few pentagons that interconnect the whole construction together; each of these is a transparent cushion made of tough plastic. The first dome emulates a tropical environment, the second a warm temperate, Mediterranean environment. The biomes are constructed from a tubular steel space-frame (hex-tri-hex) with mostly hexagonal external cladding panels made from the thermoplastic ETFE. At the outset, glass was proscribed due to its weight and potential dangers. The Cladding panels themselves are created from several layers of thin UV-transparent ETFE film which are sealed around their perimeter and inflated to create a large cushion. The resulting cushion acts like a thermal blanket to the structure. The ETFE material is resistant to most stains, which simply wash off in the rain. If required, cleaning can be performed by abseilers. Although the ETFE is susceptible to punctures, these can be easily fixed with ETFE tape. The structure is completely self-supporting, with no internal supports, and takes the form of a geodesic structure. The panels vary in size up to 9 metres (29.5 ft) across, with the largest at the top of the structure, Q. What is a ‘Van De Graaf generator’ ‘A. A'Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic machine which uses a moving belt to accumulate very high voltages on a hollow metal globe. The potential differences achieved in modern Van de Graaff generators can reach 5 megavolts. A further development is the pelletron, where the rubber or fabric belt is replaced by a chain of short conductive rods ‘connected by insulating links, and the air-ionizing electrodes are replaced by a grounded roller and inductive charging electrode. The chain can be operated at much higher velocity, than a belt, and both the voltage and currents attainable are much higher than with a conventional Van de Graaff machine Q. What is Kieselguhr? Kieselguhr is diatomaceous earth, (also known as DE, TSS, diatomite, diahydro, kieselgur and Celite) is a naturally occurring, soft, chalk-like sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. This powder has an abrasive feel, similar to pumice powder, and is very light, due to its high porosity. The typical chemical composition of diatomaceous earth is 86% silica, 5% sodium, 3% magnesium and 2% iron. Diatomaceous earth consists of fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. It is used as a fitration aid, as a mild abrasive, as a mechanical insecticide, as an absorbent for liquids, as cat litter, as an activator in blood clotting studies, and as a component of dynamite. As itis also heat-resistant, it can be used as a thermal insulator. Q. Why are we proposing a time difference between the domes? NH proposes to conduct a trial to introduce a time difference of 8 hours between the 3 domes because of the following advantages: ‘© Mining industries and refineries will be able to work continuously with a fully equipped staff throughout and no need of ‘night shift’ duties since manpower would alternatively be available from the 3 domes.Electricity requirements will be reduced as there will be steady power consumption and there will be smaller amount of storage required. The huge gaps between ‘daytime’ loads and ‘night time’ consumption require considerable electricity storage systems. + Distributing manpower also means that number of tools and systems required decreases (due to reuse and sharing) therefore reducing costs. + Load on public utilities also decreases (waste management, water management, communication etc.) therefore increasing their efficiency. ‘+ In space colonies, there will be a lot of time lag involved in going between settlements near Earth, Moon, Mars and beyond, so space colonists will have to adjust their time frames frequently. This unique arrangement on Bellevistat will allow humans to evolve and adapt themselves for their new homes in space, Since this will only be on a trial basis and each dome has its own day night cycle, the same. day night cycle will be restored in all the domes Q. Why are we stressing so much on water and electricity preservation and standardisation of their distribution systems? In space new methods of production due to different behaviour of substances can lead to more effective and bulk production. As a result, many commodities come cheap but the main, basic and most vital commodities for survival such as air, water and soil come quite expensive. Itis our duty to recycle and reuse every ounce effectively. Q. Why are we using foldable cycles? Their major advantage is that they can be folded up and taken on public transport and into buildings where conventional bicycles cannot be taken. This has advantages to commuters, as the bicyclist does not have to chain the bicycle in the street Italso allows journeys using public transport to be completed in part by bicycle Folding also makes transporting a bicycle in an automobile easier. They also save space at home for there is no need for a garage for storage. Why is the modular kitchen a regular feature in every house? The advantages of modular kitchens are their superb finish, ease of installation and ergonomic design. Countertops and cabinetry are placed at the right heights, built with the right dimensions so that productivity is optimized. Modular kitchens are planned around the workflow triangle of refrigerator-cooker-sink: minimising distances between these makes cooking a more economical and energy-saving process. For a dream kitchen, one must be able to pinpoint needs, aspirations, likes and dislikes. Then the manufacturers step in and do the rest. Colour preferences, textures and materials work at the psychological level to affect your perception of a space. If blue leaves you cold, then even the most well-fitted kitchen won't comfort you What is the use of having common kitchen gardens for single residents? Since being single in a new working and living environment can have negative psychological and physiological effects so it becomes important to connect with people around and our duty to help the residents do so. Therefore we have common kitchen gardens for the single residents as it will encourage inter personal interaction. Residents can also share and divide crops or discontinue the system by taking over one kitchen garden each. Community halls, kitchens and gardens will also help people to interact amongst each other. Q. What is SLAM? A. Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) is a technique used by robots and autonomous vehicles to build up a map within an unknown environment while at the same. time keeping track of their current position. The map is modified with every change that occurs in the environment such as a shift in the position of rocks,Q. Will there be any human controllers for robots? ‘A. No, external robots will be autonomous. However, some humans will be deployed at the mining stations to ‘tele-supervise’ the mining operations, Q. Will bellevistat residents work with any standards in software/computing? A. Yes, Bellevistat will have standardized and compatible communication links and residents will computers will use standardized operating systems and software. Q. What is the significance of electronic ecology? A. Electronic ecology will be a significant feature to help the residents cope with their busy routine, reduce requirements for performing menial tasks, settlement security and maintaining records of peoples’ history. Q. Why use silicon photonics-based processors? A. Silicon photonics can provide fiber optic communications on a semiconductor scale, greatly increasing the processing speed of the computers and passing vast amounts of data through the chip. It is also compatible with our fiber optic-communication systems making Bellevistat's computing and communication primarily through electromagnetic waves. However, the light signals will be de-modulated into electrical signals for storing data into spintronics data- storage devices. It also has the advantage of being built out of abundantly available materials and has a low-cost manufacturing process. Q. Why use quantum cryptography for e-banking? A. Quantum cryptography uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random bit string known only to them, which can be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages. An important and unique property of quantum cryptography is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. Thus, quantum cryptography will guarantee security in money transactions. Q. What is wireless charging? ‘A. Wireless charging utilizes a charging pad to allow an electronic gadget placed on it to get charged wirelessly. The device uses inductive charging to charge any gadget by pacing it on the pad. This reduces the burden of carrying multiple chargers for different devices. It will be useful to charge devices such as the I-bands, PDAs ete. Q. Why use Peer-to-Peer Ad hoc connectivity? ‘A. P2P connectivity enabled in Ad hoc mode allows low-speed wireless data-transfer without the need of access points such as a router or a transmitting tower making it ideal to enable electronic ecology between appliances cost-effectively. Q. Why use fiber-optics for internal communication? ‘A. Fiber optic communication provides ultra-high data transfer capacity in the order of several terabits per second. This will be an asset to our settlement and will allow residents to transfer very large files, meet demanding applications such as telemedicine, kinesthetic robot control etc. and allow residents to communicate via tele-presence. Fiber optic communication setup equipment will also be made of readily available materials and manufacture of optical fibers will be carried out easily in zero-g.Q. What is WOM? A. In fiber-optic communications, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes multiple optical carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (colours) of lasor light to carry different signals. This allows for a multiplication in capacity, in addition to enabling bidirectional communications over one strand of fiber. The use of WDM will increase the data-transfer capacity of the optical fibers and provide simultaneous television and internet services to resident households. Q. Why use 15.2 m long Robotic Arms during construction? A. For the assembly of large hull components, moving heavy structures and welding of large construction parts, the use of autonomous robotic arms with grapplers will make the operations faster and more efficient. These robotic arms will be able to move structures several times heavier than their own weight Q. Why use holographic displays? ‘A. Holographic displays will allow communication through virtual presence, analysis of 3-D structures which are to be molded through the 3-D printer and kinesthetic 3-D control of robots. For example, a person will be able to pinpoint through 2 lasers on a holographic projection the location he/she wants the HMR to go to. Q. How will interfaces between external robots communicate and tele-supervisors be maintained? ‘A. WIMAX systems will built into external robots and transmit their working status and proceedings to the tele-supervisors. Q. Why have backup vectored boosters been used in the space truck? A, Vectored boosters have been added to the space truck to retain the orientation of the truck in case the gyroscopes should fail and to avoid damage in such an event. Q. Why use a substitute for paper? A. Paper would be a very expensive commodity on Bellevistat due to the absence of raw materials for its manufacture and high transportation costs from earth. Thus an electronic writing pad made from abundantly available materials such as silicon will provide a cheap alternative.LIST OF REFERENCES 1. www smartnome com 2. hip electronics howstuffworks com 3. wme.csi3.com 4, www eleconichouse con 5. www.answer.com 8. www encarta msn.com 7. waw spaceset org 8. ww inlerscience wiley com 9. www livesmww skyrocket com 410. ww spacetravel com 11. www electronichouse com 12. www answer.com 13. wwwencata msn.com 14. ww spaceset org 15. won interscience wiley.com 16. ww cience.com 17. www clevernome com 18. wow astronotics.com 48 wv skyrocket com 20. www spacetravel com 21. wu freepatentsonline com 22. www spacemat.com 23. www nanaotechyes.com au 24, wm physics. montana edu 25, ww larcwvrelectronichouse.com 26. wun answer.com 21. wun encerta.msn.com 28. www cleverhome.com 29. www astronoties.com 30. www skyrocket com 31, www spacetravel.com 32. www freepatentsonine com 33, www spacemart com 34. www physics montana edu 35. ww larcnasa.gov 38. www reiablesprnkler com 37. www autofiesprinkler com 38. www nasa gov 38. wwew reiablesprinkler com 40. www autofresprinkler com 41. cgiebay.ca 42. wiaw.groveland com 43. www keukahealth com 44. www landsathaniandoook gsfe nasa.gov 45. wwritm.com 46. wwww.space.com 47. ww library thinkquest org 48. www shuttepresskit.com 49. wnw.howstutfworks.com 50, wow.alkaine.vsts.com 51. ww dogpile.com 52._ww.epa govimsw 53. www .dctionary reerence.comisearch?q-akaline 54 5 6 a7 5B Ed view lastionasteranagement.com vee gate org vevensanicon net ‘vay vie com aula him ‘eve boli ksc nasa govfeurentResearchvcut ren'ResearchHardware'sb him htp:lgbisces lis eet .infenergy/SWMTRIsyp nosis him! hit nasa gov vw fberdyne com \wivw robosaurus com weve fthocouncl org ewe made-in-china.com wiv echuniverse.com www the-engineer.com www wisegeek com vwrce-space careers.com vwirw planetsapce.com viru questionmarker.com wwleamscience com wor cleverhome com wer amazon.com war shopping hp.com ww advancedtech com wort eastti.co.uk vert sena.gov wt techdigital com vw vistascape com ww eppusa.com nttp/ien. wikipedia orgikiPersonal_ digital assis tant Visions by Machio Kaku Science Reporter (February 2008, India)you can see this from Bellevistat } 3 P P P P 3